The Presidency and the limits of power in a time of insurrection
The author argues that a US President, as guardian of the Constitution, holds broad discretionary power to arrest and hold suspected insurgents during civil upheaval. He contrasts executive duties with independent, non sovereign departments, and cites constitutional oaths and acts of 1795 and 1807 to justify using militia and army to suppress insurrection while preserving checks and balances.
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Presidential Discretion in Suppressing Insurrection
The President must decide how to use lawful means to suppress insurrection, including militia, army, and navy, when courts and marshals are unable. The President acts as sole judge of the emergency and method, balancing field action, naval measures, and arrests, while defending executive supremacy and safeguarding the nation.
Habeas corpus and presidential power in wartime politics
The President acts through subordinates in imprisoning foes of the insurrection, so habeas corpus cannot reach his acts when he directly controls custody. The matter is political, not judicial, and the judiciary cannot revise presidential political decisions. The Constitution mentions habeas corpus to guard against abuses, drawing on English history. its exact meaning hinges on whether the writ itself or its benefits are restricted, with common law guiding its interpretation.
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