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Newspaper
Evening Observer
Location
Dunkirk, New York, United States of America
Date
Jun 23, 1883
Page
3
The Evening Observer warns of crow damage to corn, corn earworm, aphids, leaf miners, stalk borers, and greenish white maggots. It details control methods from open flame, vinegar molasses traps, to thorough plowing and burning, plus sheep scab remedies using a sulfur tobacco dip.
D P Pratt of Penn Yan NY writes the Farmers Club of the American Institute on caring for fruit trees. He describes loosening soil around the trunk, pruning, washing with soap suds, and placing ashes and manure to enrich roots, noting ashes may benefit roots after soil removal and careful root work.
The Berkshire is praised for lean meat, and analysis of hog carcasses shows muscular variation across families and breeds. Breeders select muscled lines while noting that some hogs remain slender yet vary in fullness. Comparative cut-up meat and side-by-side fat carcass views help estimate these differences.
Instructions for efficient haying. Recommends mowing from four to eight in the afternoon, drying dew off in the morning, drawing in hay, raking, and stacking to avoid moisture. Suggests using hay caps and covering when showers threaten to minimize work and preserve bright, dust free hay.
The narrator argues cattle chew boards and rotten wood due to long-used pastures and land depletion. They claim wheat bran supplies bone and muscle nutrients and recount purchasing cattle that chew bones, noting personal experience with a potash factory history and farmers bringing material after production.
A correspondence from Mirror and Farmer describes disposing bones by soaking and leaching ashes in a weathered vessel, layering bones and leached ashes, and letting it stand a year to produce a soil amendment. It claims the material improves any crop and mulching around fruit trees.
Report on butter making from milk in Herkimer and Jefferson counties noting farmers earn around two to four cents per quart after costs. Describes two experiments by H. R. and a partner with Jerseys Ayrshires and natives, feeding hay, cane, and cornmeal, finding butter yields near four cents per quart and highlighting economic feasibility for farmers.
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