William Penn and Philadelphia's Grid Plan Legacy
William Penn designed Philadelphia as a gridiron between two rivers with five large squares, pioneering park planning in the New World. His orderly system influenced Thomas Jefferson and many future American towns, shaping uniform lots, building lines, and central-city residential patterns across the nation.
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Benefits Grow as Employee Packages Expand Across Firms
Employee benefits now account for 327 cents of every payroll dollar, up from 256 cents a decade ago. A Health Insurance Institute report, echoed by The Conference Board survey of about 1800 companies, finds trends toward full cost coverage by employers and uniform packages for all workers, with major medical coverage becoming standard and dental plans expanding, while insurance firms insured 97 million people in 1974 and paid 93 billion in benefits.
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Glassmaking Begins in Virginia in 1608
Glassmaking began in Virginia in 1608, forming America's first industry beside the James River near Jamestown. The craft arose soon after the Jamestown settlement, predating the Mayflower voyage by about 13 years and standing as a foundational business in early colonial history.
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Glass making in early Virginia forests and kilns
The passage outlines glass making using sand wood ash and lime as the core ingredients. It notes Virginia’s abundant resources including dense forests that provide kiln charcoal, suggesting a readily available base for glass production and related crafts.
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Virginia
Glasshouse workers pioneer early American exports to England
In 1609 glassblowers under harsh conditions produced what became America’s first exports. Facing Indian raids and famine, they labored through bad weather to ship containers and windows to England, marking a bold start for the colony’s trade.
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