World in 1922: Turmoil, Rise of Fascists, and Shifting Powers
A year in review noting European economic strain, Lloyd George’s downfall, and Turkish state revival after the Greek rout. America faced coal and rail strikes, a new tariff, and Prohibition issues amid GOP losses. Fascists seized Italy, Irish Free State formed, Lausanne talks followed. December saw a Washington armament conference with Central American republics.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Edward W. Pickard
America
Congress
Republican Party
Lloyd Georgé
Italy
United States
Near East
Czechoslovakia
Washington
Harding
Postwar diplomacy and conflicts unfold across 1920s map
The text surveys the Washington conference arms talks, the naval limitation pact, China reforms, and the open door policy. It recounts Balfour’s Wei Hai Wei pledge, treaty ratifications, and Europe’s reparations debate, plus Turkish nationalism in Asia Minor and Lausanne talks, ending with Latin American border deals and new sovereign recognitions.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
China
International Commission
Harding
Senate
Japan
Yap
Great Britain
United States
France
Near East
Europe
Allied Commission
International Bankers’ Committee
Germany
Doctor Wirth
Global Turmoil and Shifts Mark 1922 Across Europe
Recap covers Irish Free State formation and Civil War, Mussolini rising in Italy, Greece king's abdication, France's Paris Cannes outcomes, Pius XI papacy, Turkey sultanate fall, Germany reparations fight, Rathenau assassination, and political upheavals from January to November. Key figures include Michael Collins, De Valera, Lloyd George, Mussolini, Constantine, Poincare, Benedict XV, Pius XI, Wilhelm Cuno, and Briand.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Michael Collins
Irish Free State
Dai Eireann
England
de Valera
Free State
Collins
William Cosgrove
Erskine Childers
Timothy Healy
Lloyd George
A. Bonar Law
Laborites
Benito Mussolini
Fascisti
Italy
Facta
Mussolini
Chamber of Deputies
Greece
Asia Minor
Constantine
George
Anatolia
Great Britain
Prince Andrew
M. Briand
France
Cannes
M. Poincare
Benedict XV
Sacred College
Rome
Achille Ratti
Milan
Pius XI
Turkey
Angora
Ottoman Empire
Malta
Abdul Medjid Effendi
Germany
Walter Rathenau
Berlin
Wirth
Wilhelm Cuno
Narutowicz Elected Poland President Inaugurated Amid Disorder
Gabriel Narutowicz won the presidency of Poland to succeed General Wilsudski and was inaugurated amid disorder. He was assassinated on December 16 by an artist, marking a dramatic political crisis in Warsaw.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Gabriel Narutowicz
Poland
General Wilsudski
Strikes Reshape Rail and Coal War With Government Role
The nation faced two major labor clashes as railway shopmen and coal miners walked out, threatening traffic and fuel supplies. President Harding pressed for wage settlements and federal intervention, ending with separate agreements and a government order that broke the strike.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
America
Harding
Cincinnati
Conrad EB
Spens
Federal Railway Labor Board
Far
Brotherhood of
Daugherty
Wilkerson
Chicago
Election Tide Shifts as Progressives Gain in 1920 Returns
The piece notes widespread voter discontent with high costs and taxes, the Harding era blamed, and progressive gains in primary races. Beveridge and Frazier defeat incumbents in Indiana and North Dakota, Johnson and La Follette are renominated, signaling a strong Democratic lead in November 7 results and a crushing Republican majority in Congress. It also highlights strong Al Smith support for New York governor and the growing push to liberalize prohibition enforcement.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
United States
Harding
Albert J. Beveridge
New
Indiana
Lynn J. Frazier
McCumber
North Dakota
Johnson
California
la Follette
Wisconsin
House
Senate
PaPont
Kellogg
Townsend
Calder
Pomerone
Poindexter
al Smith
New York
Daugh
Year of upheaval and first woman senator in 1922 era
The year saw Prohibition enforce a liquor ban on ships, court battles over foreign vessels, and major constitutional rulings. The Supreme Court upheld woman suffrage and antitrust actions while many justices resigned or were replaced. A deadly Herrin strike massacre shocked Illinois and politics saw seats rearranged, including Michigan's Truman Newberry and Georgia's Tom Watson death vacancy leading to Mrs. Felton's brief swearing in as the first woman senator.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Erty
Hand
New York
Supreme Court
John A. Clarke
United States
League of Nations
George H. Sutherland
Utah
Day
Finois
Ata
Herrin
Williamson County
Truman H. Newberry
Michigan
Senate
Groesbeck
James Couzens
Detroit
United States Senate
Tom Watson
Georgia
Hardwick
W. H. Felton
W. S. George
Congress
Felton
Congress Passes Foreign Debt Refunding and Soldiers Bonus
The year opened with a foreign debt refunding bill set for 25 years. The Dyer anti lynching bill passed the House but stalled in the Senate due to filibuster. The cooperative marketing bill became law in February. The soldiers' bonus bill passed the House March 23 and reached the Senate August 31, vetoed by President Harding September 19, overridden by the House but sustained by the Senate.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Congress
House
Senate
Harding
Army
Navy
Also Mentioned on This Page
Ruhr
Rhineland
Bonar Law
London
Britain
Paris
Poincare
Allied Supreme Council
Genoa
Russia
Brest-Litovsk
Belgium
Mustapha Kemal Pasha
Constantinople
Smyrna
Athens
Kemal
Serbia
Romania
Dardanelles
Adrianople
Thrace
Mudania
Lausanne
Switzerland
Child
Grew
Bristol
Mosul
Mesopotamia
Tacna-Arica
Chile
Peru
Hughes
Cotoulbla
Venezuela
Esthenia
Latvia
Lithuania
Albania
Foreign Affairs
Labor and Industrial
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