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This newspaper page contains 11 articles. Subscribers can read the full text of each article.
Newspaper
Ferdinand News
Location
Ferdinand, Indiana, United States of America
Date
Oct 30, 1908
Page
3
Farmers guide detailing a cheese making method using milk four hours old held at 70 degrees. Heat to 86 degrees, add 3 oz rennet per 1000 lb milk, coagulate 30 to 40 minutes, cut curd to finger size, heat to 100 degrees, stir, hold, then press in moulds with 100 lb per cheese. Salt approx 20 lb per 1000 lb milk. Equipment includes thermometer tin boiler and rennet measure.
The article outlines four key factors for cream separators including bowl speed milk temperature feeding rate and flushing water impact on cream quality. It also provides practical butter making steps such as churn speed approximately fifty rpm for a forty gallon churn when breaking the cream, timing to stop, salting, draining buttermilk, and washing butter with cool water to harden granules.
A Denver dairyman delayed Sunday milking by an hour and a half, causing a large drop in that day's yield. On Monday and Tuesday morning the shrinkage continued, averaging two pounds per cow from fifty cows. The piece stresses strict milking times, clean barns, and careful cow records to boost quality and profits.
Field and Farm reports three bee hive transfer methods to minimize disturbance. The recommended plan uses bottom up placement of the old hive, a temporary empty box, and smoke to coax bees and queen into the new movable frame hive, then relocate the old hive after 21 days.
An Arkansas Valley beekeeper uses double hives and rapid queen replacement to prevent swarming and maintain brood as honey flows peak. He stocks brood and larvae to sustain strength, then removes all but one queen cell per hive to ensure a strong new queen for winter quarters.
The article urges beekeepers to keep and supply empty comb sections in each super to speed hive work and honey production. It notes that seven to eleven pounds of honey are needed to produce one pound of wax and one pound of comb yields the same honey value, plus the time saved. It advocates prudent beekeepers saving empty combs for future use.
Farmers notes describe sealing filled honey sections to prevent darkening of caps. If left too long, capping turns dark from bee traffic. Use a bee-escape under a superior filled and capped section and harvest the honey next day. Also check empty brood combs for activity.
The article warns against smothering bees with dense shade from trees bushes and vines. It stresses free air circulation as more important than shade and notes high branching to allow airflow. It cautions tall trees with large tops can over shade hives making them cool and damp.
A Colorado beekeeper traveling long distances to obtain hives can save freight costs by buying in bulk and assembling them carefully. The article stresses exactitude in all hive work and related business tasks to ensure success in beekeeping.
A historical note discusses bee genetics and drone and worker origins, suggesting half normal progeny from mixed fertilization. It recommends brood foundation sheets for brood frames to speed management and reduce drone cells, and notes wintering colonies of 12 000 to 15 000 bees in strong hives.
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