Try 7 days of FREE access to billions of articles

Start Free Trial

Cedar Rapids Gazette in Cedar Rapids, Iowa

We have 14,353,121 pages in Iowa

View this page and access billions of articles with a 7-day free trial.

Start Free Trial

This is just the beginning! Our collection holds over 300 years of history, including rare newspapers, obituaries, marriage records, birth records, and so much more—most of which you won’t find anywhere else!

Start Free Trial

Cancel anytime, risk free

Not what you were looking for? Search our billions of articles

Advanced Search

Articles on This Page

This newspaper page contains 39 articles. Subscribers can read the full text of each article.

Newspaper

Cedar Rapids Gazette

Location

Cedar Rapids, Iowa, United States of America

Date

Feb 18, 1939

Page

2

Hogs, Cattle, and Sheep Prices Steady to Higher

Unofficial estimates show next week's receipts at 18 000 hogs 12 000 cattle and 15 000 sheep. Hogs were steady to higher Saturday with 3 600 hogs and 100 cattle receipts. week’s top $13.75, cows and calves steady, sheep 9.00 to 9.15 lambs, market 10 to 15 cents lower than last week.

Chicago

Chicago Livestock Prices and Receipts Report

Chicago livestock market notes limited hog sales due to tight supplies with some good and choice weights up to 825. Steers and yearlings show strength 25 cents higher while heifers and cows gain 25 cents. prime steers top at 1375 with new high since 1937. Sheep receipts 1000, fat lambs and yearlings up to 25 cents, weeks lamb top 925, slaughter ewes around 435 to 515.

Chicago Dept. Agriculture Sharp Advance

Sioux City Livestock Market Report Summary

The Sioux City market shows cattle receipts at 150 total, calves 180, salable 10 for the week. Slaughter steers and yearlings mostly steady, some classes down to 25 cents, cows up to 25 cents, stockers and feeders steady to weak. Hogs salable 300 with steady to strong prices, 200–350 pounds best at 7.60 to 7.65. Sheep 100 head, fat lambs 25 to 35 cents lower, top fed lambs around 90 to 96 dollars, western feeder lambs 85 to 90, short bred ewes around 5.00.

Sioux City Dept Aegriculture Omaha Omara 'Api—Iu Dept Agriculture Paul South ST Paul Mkt

Omaha Livestock Market Report

Receipts total 2 000 cattle and hogs with cattle steady to 25 cents lower for Fed steers yearlings and heifers and mixed dealer demand. Hogs steady to slightly higher with top around 785. sows and weights vary. Sheep and lambs weaker with fat lambs down 25 cents. fed wooled lambs and feeding lambs listed with prices and ranges.

Saint Paul Livestock Market Report Highlights Receipts

The St Paul South St market shows receipts of 350 cattle, 1000 hogs, and 2000 sheep. Slaughter steers and stockers steady to firm with best heifers up to 10.25, cows to 5.50, hogs mostly steady, lambs firm with good and choice lambs around 8.40 to 8.70.

Iowa Hog Receipts Report Mixed Prices in Des Moines Area

Agricultural hog receipts across 20 yards and 10 packing plants in interior Iowa and southern Minnesota totaled 27 000 for the 24 hours ending 8 a m Saturday, up from 10 600 last week but down from 39 700 a year ago. Prices ranged from 10 to 15 cents higher or lower with little change from the prior week, across various weight classes from 140 pounds to over 550 pounds.

Iowa Des Moines Tapi—I U Bianaetle

Iowa Hog Prices Across Des Moines Area Markets

The report lists hog and cattle price ranges from several Iowa markets including ASON CITY and OTTUMWA. Prices cover live weight categories from 140 to 600 pounds with varying quotes for slaughter hogs and packer bids, showing steady to higher tendencies in some ranges.

Austin Hog Market Report Fluctuates Prices

Hog price ranges listed for various weights from 140 to 560 pounds. Notable quotes show prices from about 6.35 to 7.35 per hundredweight, with totals reported for certain lots and packing house quotations.

Cedar Rapids Miscellaneous Market Notes

Grain prices and miscellaneous Cedar Rapids market quotes list No. 1 and No. 2 wheats, corn and barley, hay and straw, butterfat prices, poultry figures including Leghorns and colored stock, wholesale fruits and vegetables with lemon and orange ranges, hide market for beef and horse hides, plus glue and bone byproducts through local dealers.

Cedar Rapida Poultry PLC

Local Hogs Weaker Saturday on Cedar Rapids Market

Hog quotes show lighter 140-150 lb hogs at 837.00 and heavier classes down 5 to 10 cents. Packers steady with top price at 7.85 unchanged. Market writeup by Lamson Brothers & Co and H R Mowrey notes high, low and close figures for various hog weight bands and related cattle prices.

Lamson Brothers & Co H. R._ Mowrey Cedar Rapids Merchants National Bank Se Reeves ATCA J. E Bennett & Co Alaska Juneau Winnipeg All Allegheny Corp Allied Chem Tel & Tel Helf- Allied Stores Johns Manville Allis Chalmers Kennecott Amal Lea Kingston Kroger G & B Libby Lig & Myrs Loews Inc Amg McLellan Siba Mys Aim Se Rte Marshall Mathieson Ark Moline S Ark Nat Gas Armour Mont Ward GTI Mudern Aviation Corp Eflas Baldwin Loco Biscuit Gsat Balto Chloe Nat Cash Barnsdail Beatie Beatrice Cry Bendix Avan Entral Beth Steel Blaw Knox Nor Pac It Boeing Sire al’ North Amit Coabla Borden Co Norrie Avib Borg Warner Ohio Briggs Bueyrus Erte Packard Paramount Uta Burrougs Patino Mines Cs & Hecla Penick & Ford Phillips Pet Plymouth Bressed Carrie Certain-teed Bub Chee & Ohio Pullman Co Ches Corp Radio Corpn Stp& P Radio Keith Cheo & N Rem Rand Ghivsier Mir Beek B' Aita Coca Cola Safeway Bcheniey Eaboard Eniseaiee Servel. Inc Southern Sharon Steel Congoleum Sharp Dohme Consol Edison Shell Union Consol Oil Bi Ya Simmons Co Socony Motors Sou Pac Sou Railway Coty. Inc Sperry Corp Crown Drug St Joe Ld Crucible Steel Calif Cudahy Curtiss Wright Deere & Co Webco Wyeng Stone Webster du Pont den Studebaker Eagle Picher Tex Coron Eastman Rod Tex Gulf Elsier Tidewater TC Fox Film Elec Bond Union Carbid Wesn Md Har Corp Ween Datonaia Hares Body Wes'house AB Hecker Prods Wes Hiram Walker Aus Houston Wee Botta City Howe Sound Wilcox Olaha Oo Hupp Motors Wilson & Co Tis Central Woolworth Indus Rayon Inspiration Yngst B& T Harv Zenith Radio Intl Hydro Chicago Asbestos Mig Comw Edison Automat Prds Avi & Transp Eleec Hehold Butler Bros Ema Cherry Burl Midwest Corp Chicago Corp Iy Quaker Cities Soc Quaker Pt Honig

Stocks Rise Led by Steels and Planes On Soft Rally

The market rallied modestly on Saturday with steels and aircraft stocks driving gains while traders awaited clarity on the Spanish Civil War's impact on Europe. Volume was light, with about 400000 shares traded. several 1938-39 highs were set for United Aircraft Bayuk Cigars and others, and rails and commodities edged higher.

New York Wall Street Europe United Aircraft Bayak Cigars N. Y. City Omnibus and Omnibus Corp U. S. Steel Bethlehem Boeing Douglas Aircraft Consolidated Edison North American Anaconda Spiegel Inc General Motors Chrysler VU. S. Rubber Bae Lockheed Bell Aircraft Share American Gas and Electric

Wheat Prices Show Little Change Amid Slow Trading

Wheat prices on the Chicago board of trade ended slightly higher as trading remained slow. May wheat up 1/2 cent to 68 68 1/2 cents, May corn up the 9/16 to 49 1/2 cents, and oats up about 1/2 to 29 1/2 cents. Traders noted little news driving direction and cited Argentine selling and government loan figures as faint influences. Buenos Aires corn fell while South American markets observe holidays. Local receipts: 103 cars of corn and 10 of wheat.

Chicago Chicago Board of Trade Liverpool Winnipeg Argentine Wheat Board Buenos Aires

Calf and Sheep Market Quotes for Spring Livestock

Market notes show good to choice calves at 140 to 190 pounds and genuine spring lambs weighing 75 to 90 pounds. Lamb prices reach about 87.00 dollars, with a buck value 1 dollar lower. Other stock priced by quality.

Bond market shows moderate demand for railroad issues

New York bond review notes a steady session with modest buyer interest centered on railroad issues led by Baltimore and Ohio 4s Illinois Central 4745 Missouri Kansas Texas 5s Nickel Plate 4s and Southern Railway 4s Local traction issues like Interboro Rapid Transit rose while International Hydro Electric 6s and Pacific Gas 3 348 advanced slightly. Governments barely moved, South American Buenos Aires 44s rose about a point but overall activity was light.

NEW York API Baltimore and Ohio Illinois Central Missouri-Kansas-Texas Nickel Plate Southern Railway Interboro Rapid Transit International Hydro Electric Anaconda Copper Pacific Gas International Paper Sy Remington Rand Texas Corp Buenos Aires

Bond market closes with varied government issues

United States government bonds closed Saturday with Treasury 375s 40-43 for June at 104 30 and 3%s for 46-49 at 109 31. Home Owners Loan 244s 49 traded at 102 15 while Home Owners Loan 3s for 52 stood at 107 11.

Vt. S Bonds New York Treasury

Markets CHICAGO PRODUCE REPORTS steady prices and arrivals

Chicago market receipts show butter eggs potatoes and related items with steady or easy prices. Idaho russet and Colorado white potatoes hold firm while Wisconsin round whites and North Dakota Bliss Triumphs show limited demand. Florida Bliss Triumphs fetches around 170 per crate as sales slow and stocks remain moderate.

Chicago Wisconsin North Dakota Bliss

New York Egg Butter Cheese Receipts Report

New York AP summary shows egg receipts 22 307 weak mixed colors special packs 19 20 ac standards 1854c firsts 18c seconds 17c medium 17c. Refrigerator eggs unquoted. Butter receipts 79 764 easy creamery higher than extra 26 27c. Extra 92 score 260 26c. Firsts 88 91 24 26c seconds 84 87 24 24c. Cheese receipts 234 103 steadier prices unchanged.

New York

Chicago Cash Provisions Prices and Varieties

Chicago market notes list wheat and corn quotes with no sales. No. 3 mixed 484 c, No. 1 yellow 4934 c, No. 3 47 49 c. Oats sample grade mixed 272 27 c, No. 2 white 3214 3242 c. Barley malting 63 c, feed 306 44 c. Soybeans No. 2 zero B2 c. Timothy seed 2.85 3.25 nom. Clover seed red 33 0 16. a0 nom red top 92 54 75 nom. Lard tierces 6.65, loose 6.25 nom. Bellies 9.62 nom.

Chicago

Minneapolis Cash Grain Market Report Highlights

AP notes Saturday receipts of 92 cars compared with 49 a year ago. Cash prices for No 1 heavy dark northern range from 75 to 76 1/2 cents, No 1 dark northern 73 1/2 to 75 cents, No 1 hard Montana 71 1/2 to 73 1/2 cents, No 1 hard amber durum 64 to 66 cents, No 1 red durum around 61 to 62 cents. Corn No 3 yellow 42 to 43 1/2 cents. Oats No 3 white 27 to 28 1/2 cents. Barley 30 1/2 to 34 1/2 cents.

Minneapolis Montana

Legislators Tour State Institutions Stops At Roosevelt Hotel

Twenty members of the Town legislature and Harry C. White of Vinton toured state institutions stopping Friday night at the Roosevelt hotel. The group traveled by chartered bus visiting the Iowa State Soldiers Orphans home in Davenport, the Anamosa state reformatory and the state hospital in Independence.

Harry C. White Vinton State Board of Control Roosevelt Hotel Iowa State Soldiers Orphans Home Davenport Anamosa State Reformatory State Hospital Independence Saturay C. W. Ross Wellsburg J. R. Hall Malvern Frank O. Hocum Newell John S. Heffner Webster City Harlan C. Foster Mount Pleasant W. C. Axmear Keswick W. J. Beeler Winterset E. L. Stewart Washington H. F. Risse Mitchell William Kruse Rockford S. M. Thompson Yale E. W. Scott Lake View Melvin Wilson Lake City Robert C. Reilly Dubuque

Father Son Banquet At St James Church

The annual father and son banquet at St James Methodist Church on Ellis Boulevard NW drew about 130 attendees. Milo Nelson presided as toastmaster with Rev T C Collister delivering the invocation and guidance on “Learn to Say No.” Judge H C Ring shared bench experiences urging closer father son ties.

Father and Son St. James Methodist Church Ellis Boulevard Avenue NW Fathers and Sons Ladies Aid Society Milo Nelson T. C. Collister David Samek H. C. Ring Donald Jones Bill Suckr George Ruffin Clarerice Whisler Warren Walters Bill Hemmes Milo Savel Lester Melsha Collister

Wisconsin Cheese Quotation Notes From Plymouth

Wisconsin cheese exchange lists Twins at 12 cents and cheddars at 12 cents for the week of February 2025. Farmers call board shows daisies at 12 1/4 cents, horns at 12 1/4 cents, and cheddars at 12 cents, reflecting local market quotations.

Wisconsin Cheese Plymouth Wis Wisconsin Cheese Exchange Farmers’ Call Board

Boston Wool Market Shows Scattered Sales Last Week

Department of Agriculture reports Boston wool sales were scattered with a few grades selling firmly. Buyers increased as supply and current needs moved. Graded combing fleece wools quoted 28 to 31 cents. fine dealer wools 29 to 31 cents. lower grades 3 to 8 cents.

Boston Dept. Agriculture

Great Britain Railways Use 14 Million Tons Coal Annually

Great Britain relies on coal for rail operations with about 14 million tons consumed each year. Officials emphasize coal supply stability and potential shifts toward alternative energy sources to reduce dependence.

Great Britain

Independence Obituaries Highlight Broom and Miller

Special to The Gazette two Independence obituaries note Thomas Broom80 retired flour and feed businessman died at his step son Claud Wolfe home. Funeral Sunday at Heege chapel 2 p.m. Rev R J Netting. Broom born Scotland came to Independence 1898. He was Odd Fellows member and lifelong Presbyterian. Surviving two step sons Claud G and Carl Wolfe. H E Miller 66 well known businessman died Friday after two months heart trouble. Funeral Sunday 2 p.m. Wesleyan Methodist church Rev J A Treese. Burial Littleton. Miller born Belvidere NL came to Iowa at age 10. Farmed in Buchanan county and Nebraska, moved to Independence 19 years ago to enter hardware business. Married 44 years to Hattie Blake of Littleton. Survives with two sons Fay Miller Independence Floyd Miller pretion, five daughters Mildred Jamalsorn Delbert Black Waterloo Donald Purdy and Robert Buck La Porte City and Marion Miller at Home.

Independence Thomas Broom Claud G. Wolfe Heege’s R. J. Netting Broom Scotland The Odd Fellows Presbyterian Church Ida Wolfe Claud G Carl Wolfe H. E. Miller Wesleyan ‘Methodist Church J. A. Treese Littleton Miller Belvidere Iowa Buchanan County Nebraska Hattie Blake Fay Miller Floyd Miller Pretion Mildred Jamalsorn Delbert Black Waterloo Donald Purdy Robert Buck la Porte City Marion Miller

Negrin Reports Peace Offer Condition Set

London and Paris wires say Premier Juan Negrin will seek peace only if nationalists pledge no reprisals against republicans. Azana reportedly issued an ultimatum to Negrin with demands for independence, foreign-n influence limits, and nonreprisals. A Hodgson report from Madrid is awaited to gauge potential end to Civil War.

London Juan Negrin Spain Negrin Paris Manuel Azana Sir Robert Hodgson Hodgson

Regulators Move To Cover Sweatshop Home Work

Washington administrator Elmer Andrews announced a six month experiment under the wage hour act to regulate home work for an estimated several hundred thousand industrial homeworkers. Employers must list workers, hours, dates, piece rates, wages, and social security deductions starting March 15.

Washington INS Elmer Andrews Andrews

Y Swimmers Defeat Grinnell College 53 to 22

Cedar Rapids Y swimming team defeated Grinnell College 53 to 22 at the local Y pool. Cedar Rapids won most events, took the medley and relay titles, with Ned Sheehy beating Gerald Ard in the 100 yard free. Grinnell's M Jensen won the 100 yard backstroke and R Jensen set a record in the 60 yard free.

Cedar Rapids Grinnell College Ned Sheehy Gerald Ard M. Jensen Grinnell John Stark Cadar Rapids Ard KE Sheehy B. Sweitzer C. Gibson Sweitzer B. Gibson Cédar Reni Scosts McIntyre Tim Sheehy Nagata Ne Tage Stark Apis Bimon C R Rompot C. Me R. Jensen Shechy Comm Grinnell Fine Gibson Henry

John Janecek Heads Post C of T A

John Janecek was elected president of Post C of the T P A at the annual meeting Friday evening. Officers include Frank Zanka first vice president Charles Zvacek second vice president George Buchan secretary treasurer and several directors with named committee chairmen. The I P A of A national convention meets in San Antonio June 12 to 15 and the state convention is set for Mason City on May 5.

John Janecek Post C T. P. Avot A Frank Zanka Charles Zvacek George Buchan G. F. Hershey G. J. Ottsen E. F. Borschel San Antonio Tex Mason City

Japs Reply to Britain Over Hainan Occupation

The Japanese government said on Saturday that the occupation of Hainan Island is only temporary in reply to British inquiries and parallel inquiries from Washington.

London INS Hainan Island Washington

Marion Ww. c. T. U. Entartains at Anniversary Event

The Marion W C T U hosted sixty five members and friends at a quarter party in the public library auditorium observing Miss Frances E Willard death anniversary. The program featured a candle lighting ceremony, songs, talks, poems, and refreshments. Local clubs and residents were noted with several attending guests and upcoming host plans.

Public Library Frances E. Willard J. B. Clyde Minnie Whitcomb Elda M Kemp E. T. Gough C. V. R. de Jong C. G. Ellinger Irving E. Wade Miss Kemp Riley J. L. Papes High School Brass Hannibal Mildred Kindig E. T. Hiams Dorothy Ford Ruth Ostrander June de Wees Janet Derflinger

Stewart Hawk Elected President of Concord A L Club

Stewart Hawk was elected president of the Concord A. and L. club at a Friday business meeting held at the Fernow home. James Fernow became vice president with Mrs. Lester Klingler as secretary and Mrs. Carl Secrist as treasurer, while Mrs. A B Black was named press reporter. The gathering followed a buffet dinner for about sixty members and guests.

Stewart Hawk Concord A. and L. Club Carl L. Fernow James Fernow Lester Klingler Carl Secrist A B. Black Rex Conn Amana Wilma Weis Carl White Twelfth Street G. A. Patschke Otto Lang Mary Elizabeth Bright H. W. Erwin

Luncheon Honors Mrs Schultz Birthday at Michel Home

Mrs Charles Schultz celebrated her birthday with sixteen guests at the home of Mrs E R Michel. A large table centerpiece featured a birthday cake with yellow tapers and spring colored decorations on two smaller tables. Notable out of town guest was Mrs Clarence H James of Iowa City.

Charles Schultz P. O. Michel E. R. Michel

Local girls visit in Marion and Chicago trip

Miss Eleanor Hanna, instructor in home economics at Glidden public school, spends the weekend in Marion with her mother Mrs. Mary Hanna. Miss Jeannette Titus, with Miss Marian Van Fossen of Cedar Rapids, travels to Chicago for a weekend visit, joined by Miss Iva Stevens from Elgin.

Park L. McCalley Rochester Minn St. Mary’s Hospital Mr. McCalley Rose Wilcox Iowa City Geneva Waters Springville Verle Breed Wyoming Marion Harley F. Breed Eleanor Hanna Glidden Public School Mary Hanna Jeannette Titus Marian van Fossen Cedar Rapids Chicago Iva Stevens Elgin

Mrs. E. B. Collins Visited Des Moines After Springville Death

Mrs. E. B. Collins of Des Moines is the guest of Mr. and Mrs. Frank E. Williams, called to the area by the death of her uncle, John Hammond of Springville.

E. B. Collins Des Moines Frank E. Williams John Hammond Springville

Woody Hockaday Escapes From Macon Sanitarium

A search was started Friday for Woody Hockaday who escaped from a Macon sanitarium Thursday night. His peculiar career peaked in Oklahoma City last summer when he attempted to shine President Roosevelt shoes.

Woody Hockaday Macon INS Oklahoma City President Roosevelt

Church services listed for Marion area with multiple denominations

The notice lists morning and evening services at Baptist, Catholic, Christian, Congregational, Free Methodist, Methodist Episcopal, Presbyterian, St Pauls Lutheran, Seventh Day Church of God, and Prairie Chapel. It includes pastors, Sunday schools starting times, sermon topics, youth groups, union services, choir rehearsals, and midweek activities for the week.

L. W. Inman St. Joseph's T. J. McElliott Irving E. Wade Methodist Church C. G. Ellinger Pilgrim Highlaaders Union Free Methodist O. Monroe Methodist Episcopal E. T. Gough Oxford Club Presbyterian C. V. R. DeJong St. Paul’s Lutheran Carl E. Krog Seventh Day Church of God Sixth Street Ninth Avenue Prairie Chapel J. B. Clyde

Wanted Ads Guide Readers to Place Classified Notices

Want ads may be telephoned to The Gazette or mailed or brought to the office. Special low rates for "WORE WANTED" see Classification 22 for details.

Gazette United States

Announcements on Monuments and Moving Services

Fragmented notices list monuments manufacturers and moving firms from Cedar Rapids area. References include DerSon Monuments 1029 3, Brady Mortuary 840 South Ave SE, Cedar Rapids Transfer & Storage, Kenwood Transfer Allied Van Lines, Iowa Van Lines, Goodyear Repair Shop and various addresses and phones.

Allied van Lines, Inc Lynch ‘Transfer & Storage Co Schaefer Kresge Iowa van Lines, Inc Calders van & Storage Co., Inc Goodyear

Also Mentioned on This Page

Eeeseee Kansas City Waco Louis Associated Press Ason City Ottumwa Austin Nississiput Ubuque Pall RC Tay Setee Aeceesons Cairo Risa Wall St NEW York Bond Review St. James Church Iowa News Ini C of T. P. A Britain Marion News Bry Creek Club Dry Creek Agricultural Club Legion Hall Charles Dukek America Kathleen Etzel K. E. Cornell Cornell Jean Frazee John Dukek Lydia Gillmore Maude McBride Jane Reed Glenn Dahms W. L. Bigley Maywood, Ill Mrs N. P. Vanderlinden Philip J. Crew Miami James Vernon University of Iowa Mrs. C. B. Vernon A. B. Black Mrs. Black Mrs. N. T. Lutes Martha Jane Snell Hazel Snell Colgate Owen's Drug Store Carl Wiley Thirteenth Street Concord Club Arling Hughes Prairie Union Wildcats Harold Sejkora Marion Churches Cedar Rapids Gazette Reatern Jewa Arderson Brady Mortuary Sth Ave Funeral Home DIAL Lost ST. Man’s Elgin Power Theater Coliseum Cedar Rapids Transfer & Storage Coo Odzimek Harmacy 2Nd Ave 16Th Ave George Probasco, Jeweler Es H. Pirkel E. H. Pirkel Frank J Pirkel Farmers’ Market Los Angeles Kenneth Campbell Feather Mattresses Monde Griffith Feather Mattress Co Roy Brown Bani-di-dee SOKOL Sibrinky P . Hall GEORGE SIR_VENKA C.S. P.S. Hall Mgnt Club Americay Parson Physpe Rascals Walford Bob Old Heidelberg Guy Clare Turkey House Behounek's Hallwood Moose Hall Walt Seichert Orchestra Tonight Gazette Baer Thase
Search Courier

Search the Cedar Rapids Gazette Today with a Free Trial

We want people to find what they are looking for at NewspaperArchive. We are confident that we have the newspapers that will increase the value of your family history or other historical research. With our 7-day free trial, you can view the documents you find for free.

Not Finding What You Were Looking for on This Page of The Cedar Rapids Gazette?

People find the most success using advanced search. Try plugging in keywords, names, dates, and locations, and get matched with results from the entire collection of newspapers at NewspaperArchive!

Looking Courier

Browse Newspapers

You can also successfully find newspapers by these browse options. Explore our archives on your own!

By Location

By Location

Browse by location and discover newspapers from all across the world.

Browse by Location
By Date

By Date

Browse by date and find publications for a specific day or era.

Browse by Date
By Publication

By Publication

Browse old newspaper publications to find specific newspapers.

Browse by Publication