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This newspaper page contains 20 articles. Subscribers can read the full text of each article.
Newspaper
Waterloo Evening Courier
Location
Waterloo, Iowa, United States of America
Date
Sep 15, 1913
Page
12
An examination of the underground portion of the wheat plant reveals many roots extending to about sight feet under favorable dry farm conditions. Each root hosts lateral roots from one to six inches long, spaced closely along the main root. A conservative estimate places the combined length of all laterals at about ten times the main root length.
The wheat plant develops a vast root system, with roots possibly reaching ten feet deep, and a single plant may have a root length approaching a mile. Deep-rooted farming stores moisture and sustains yields during drought, contrasting with shallow-rooted crops that suffer when rainfall is scarce.
A farmer explains an improved breeding plan to stagger calvings across fall winter and spring. Spreading births reduces early calf care, increases steady dairy income, and provides dairy outputs during winter shortages. It avoids heavy spring labor and lets cows yield milk cream and butter when prices rise. M. C.
The article advises daily marketing of eggs in summer with protection from warm air sun and moisture. It warns against holding eggs for higher autumn prices, notes sensory spoilage from odors and mustiness, and blames both farmers and country merchants for shrunk eggs. It also suggests proper storage away from musty cellars and produce, and praises a wall-mounted hinged shelf for kitchen use.
An Ohio breeder praises American queen bee production, detailing methods to raise multiple queens per hive, including feeding royal jelly, incubating cells, and separating queens with workers. It notes queens live about four years and can yield up to 3,000 offspring daily when fully productive. Also includes tips on cultivating calla lilies and rotating pest control.
Fix fences regularly to prevent cattle escaping. Tighten wires and replace decayed posts to show good farming. Preserve sturdy, well-kept boundary lines and prevent livestock from wandering into unwanted areas.
The common house fly threatens health by carrying germ laden waste and feeding on carcasses. It invades kitchens and nurseries, spreading disease. screens, disinfectants, screened outhouses and clean manure piles are urged as essential defenses for all to use. A few wagonloads of ashes on farms are said to aid crops.
J M Bell warns buyers against cheap urban horses and mules, noting many are crippled with spavins, ringbones, or lameness. He argues such animals rarely become sound, especially for road work, and advises paying more for a sound, well matched team capable of field tasks, wood work, and hauling.
A discussion on farming partnership with a wife as co owner in the household and business. It notes shared bank accounts, the value of productive labor from oxen and wood, and the demanding life of both spouses. It contrasts self confidence with dependence on others and advises steady effort and fair treatment of hired help.
Cleaning up ground feeding areas improves sanitation for flocks. Regular removal of droppings, spreading upsoil and weekly cleaning reduce contamination, especially with turkeys. Use stored grain raised beds and shallow buried litter to deter scratching and aid future spading with manure.
The tuberculin test for cattle shows fever in tuberculous cows after skin injection, while healthy animals remain unaffected. It does not cause abortion or milk loss, and has no lasting harm. most herds show no injurious effects over years of use. Temperature changes vary by animal. injections are placed under the skin near the shoulder with a controlled syringe. A rise of 2 or more degrees above normal indicates a positive reaction, while about 2 degrees is doubtful. interpretation should be done by an expert.
The piece extols schooling by comparing earnings of educated versus uneducated men. It cites figures claiming the educated man earns far more over a lifetime, highlighting a $22 000 advantage and a $1 000 yearly average versus $1 50 daily for the uneducated. It stresses reading and learning as daily worth.
Propagation of red raspberries uses suckers that arise from the old plants and may be dug in autumn, heeled in during winter, and planted permanently the following spring. Black raspberries and dewberries can be propagated by layering, where cane tips are bent to the ground and covered about four inches deep in frost-free soil.
The text argues selection of sire and dam determines foal profitability for breeders. It notes cross bred horses are uncertain, favoring pure breeds aligned with purpose. It advises avoiding mixed drafts and selecting breeds like draft for heavy work, trotters for harness, saddle horses for speed, and thoroughbreds for speed under saddle.
A reader outlines preparing ground near the home for next year’s garden. Clear soil before October, haul manure, plow, and fence the plot to be ready for early vegetables. The note mentions crop rotation between early and late varieties and cites a chemical claim about ocean evaporation leaving a salt bed 235 feet thick.
A northwestern farmer describes installing a thirty gallon water tank in a windmill tower feeding the house, a stone milk house with cement floor and central drain, and plumbing that keeps milk handling and washing tidy. The system provides running water, a bath, kitchen convenience, and labor savings, praised as ideal farming progress attributed to Adam.
Do not neglect poultry, protect feed and roosting sites. Provide orchard shade and clean housing. drafts harm birds. Avoid overcrowding by culling excess fowls rather than keeping too many in pens. A balanced flock leads to healthier, more productive birds.
A guide for farmers on early calf treatment to stop horn development. It describes using caustic soda or potash sticks, timing within the first week, careful preparation of the area, protection of hands, and steps to apply to the horn button only. It warns against moisture contact and skin irritation to avoid pain.
The fragment describes preventing loss by rats in a granary, noting leakage and damage. It envisions building new granaries with cement foundations, rat proofing, and iron and stone planks, aiming to protect drinking water and improve durability.
Selecting seed corn requires noting that ears positioned high on the stalk yield better. stalks with ears high tend to produce fewer rows of kernels. Keup notes visitors were kept away from the loft during feeding time.
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