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Newspaper
The Hays Free Press
Location
Hays, Kansas, United States of America
Date
Jun 03, 1920
Page
7
Dale R. Van Horn in Missouri and Kansas Farmer details a plan to drain land without concrete forms by temporarily filling ditches with earth and tamping, creating culverts that have endured years of use without cracks. The illustration demonstrates the culvert bridge method and its potential as a remedy against undermining costly formwork.
How culverts are built with proper concrete mixing and reinforced footing to support loads. If a ditch exists a temporary fill may be used and later removed. A shallow upstream wall across the opening helps prevent undermining during floods and debris wedging.
The piece argues that poor roads raise costs for farmers and limit welfare as wagons require four horses to pull empty loads and wheat prices fall. It notes city and farm prosperity depend on good roads, compares road and rail costs, and states road improvement is a business proposition with freight shifting to highways at about 23 cents per mile.
The Pennsylvania state highway department reports substantial progress in 1918 with 673.28 miles of durable highways contracted. Its nearest rival, Illinois, contracted 510.70 miles. The 1920 program targets about 800 miles, underscoring Pennsylvania’s lead and organized approach.
Better roads correlate with longer school years in top states with 180 days on average. Oregon and other road-poor states report school years less than half that length. Shade trees along dirt roads help moisture retention, reducing mud. Strong cement deserves thorough testing by engineers. Colorado improves roads with funds ranging from 300 to 3000 per mile.
Poultry specialists advise a method to rid coops of mites and lice when birds can be kept outside for five to six hours. Close all openings, ignite kerosene saturated shavings and sulphur, then air the house. After three to four hours, admit fowl one by one and dust with insect powder or tobacco dust. Repeat weekly for a week or two. prevent new infestations by excluding unfamiliar birds until thoroughly vermin-free.
The incubation period of turkey eggs is four weeks with about 50 percent hatchability, roughly seven poults per turkey hen under ordinary conditions. Mortality is greatest when poults are very young due to dampness cold improper feeding confinement lice and predatory animals from weak parent stock selection.
Farmers find profit in the poultry trade by utilizing surplus male birds and aging hens for additional income through market eggs and meat, turning quickly discarded stock into a worthwhile revenue stream.
Geese are efficient foragers from youth, gathering a substantial share of their diet when allowed free range. They feed on grass, fresh vegetables, and insects, including worms, making fruit selection for poultry yards best based on local abundance rather than experimentation.
A terse, unclear snippet warns that breeding heifers of beet breeds before twenty months is ill advised, implying a guideline for proper growth before mating. The fragment mentions digestive organs and general cautions about livestock management without a clear context or names.
The Bureau of Markets of the U S Department of Agriculture argues that central city food terminal markets cut costs by consolidating wholesale loading, reducing cartage, and eliminating intermediate handling. Cities from New York to Seattle have pursued or adopted unified markets to curb perishables loss and speed unloading, with public, railroad, and private ownership models.
A lengthy report questions the value of the jack bean as a green manure crop. It notes low cattle acceptance and limited ground seed profit. Despite sensational aliases and rumors of malleable powers, USDA findings emphasize modest yields and uncertain markets, urging small initial plantings until clearer value emerges.
A concise note describes the hog as a frugal animal amid tough economic conditions, reflecting a rural view of thrift and livestock management during hard times.
A brief note argues that good pasture is the cheapest feed source and deserves more care and attention than typically given on nearby farms, highlighting pasture as a key to cost efficiency and farm productivity.
The item discusses Marquis wheat as a top crop for varied conditions and notes potatoes can yield profits with ample harvests. It mentions humus feeding beneficial bacteria, suggests sunflowers yield more per area than corn, and describes Sudan grass thriving under high moisture. It warns overloads slow tractors and reduce exhausts per minute.
Agricultural club members in Eldorado County California borrowed 592 dollars in March 1918 to start projects. An August 1919 inventory showed 5808 25 dollars in swine owned or sold. Eight gifts from Eldorado bars at the State fair averaged 50 cents. The article notes 8 percent of 1919 enrollment shifted to pig contests due to pork prices, and mentions auctions as an outlet with two sales in California, one at Lemoore and one in Fresno County.
Treat pigs for worms before spring feeding if premises are not known clear. Santonin or American wormseed oil recommended. Use sanitary cement or frame wallow and dip water to destroy lice. Aim for maximal pasture use, supplement poor pastures with rape, target 20 pigs per acre for rape pasture per season per BR O Ashby. Use self feeders with full grain to save labor and provide protein rich supplement. Finish hogs on corn unless behind cattle.
Short, direct note promotes sheep farming as profitable for farms with rough, short grass. It argues sheep are close grazing animals needing little care and suited to land where other animals struggle. Suggests farmers consider adding sheep to their operations.
Pigs favored in late April, May and June can follow the general plan but cannot reach market weight from corn alone. Grain feeding is needed up to December to prevent unthrifty pigs caused by intestinal worms.
A humorous scene features Mr and Mrs Mallard planning a dinner near the water with mollusks as delicacies. Invites go out by quacking, guests rush in, there is grass ice cream for dessert, and lively chatter about relatives at the zoo. The piece closes with human child banter about breath and death.
Fragmentary OCR from a Syracuse column mentions fainting and dizzy spells and references medicinal extracts from native roots and berries. The readable text contains a dialogue about newspaper work and how to complete a piece, with names like Jo Betle and Nell suggesting a humorous aside rather than a full article.
An OCR fragment shows historical ad copy referencing Bayer aspirin of 1900 and various marketing lines for Cuticura and other products. The text also mentions circuses and fashioning celebrity quotes, with scattered phrases about Chicago origins and shoe powders, all reflecting vintage commercial blurbs rather than a single article.
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