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This newspaper page contains 19 articles. Subscribers can read the full text of each article.
Newspaper
The Bottineau Courant
Location
Bottineau, North Dakota, United States of America
Date
Dec 27, 1900
Page
3
A detailed description from American Agriculturist outlines a 20 by 10 by seven foot henhouse with a four foot rear, an eight foot scratching shed, a two by five foot window, and multiple entrances. It covers nest placement, roost height, removable floor troughs, cleaning access, and a raised earthen floor. Construction cost is about 25 dollars with frost resistance and vermin control emphasized.
The article argues for pure Italian bee stock over hybrids, noting hybrids may sometimes exceed pure stock in honey but warns beekeepers would still seek a pure queen. It describes pure Italians as calmer, more manageable, and less prone to disturbances when hives are opened, advocating breeding from one known-pure queen to maximize Italian advantages.
An agriculturally themed note outlines nitrogen rich benefits of benne as food for poultry and stresses regular egg laying, proper hen to male ratios, ten weeks from shell to market, and management tips. It mentions feeding mash additions, cabbage access, clover with morning mash, grain bunking, and exercise for birds.
In Ohio Farmer, V. M. Couch argues that corn alone shortens a hen’s egg-laying period and weakens chick quality. He advises balanced rations with wheat barley buckwheat oats and added protein, plus exercise to prevent fat hens and cornstarvation.
A reader details a bee veil pattern measuring 24 by 36 inches with sewn sides an elastic chin strap and bottom fastening to trousers to prevent bee entry. The piece includes instructions on elastic lengths and button attachments for secure wear. The text also contrasts amateur poultry keepers with specialists, praising amateurs for market resilience and independence.
Instructions advise preparing capons for sale by fattening until ready and trimming feathers in precise patterns. Emphasizes leaving neck and wing feathers, removing rear feathers, and wrapping the head for appearance to boost price. Also notes green bone is valuable for growing chicks and mature fowl.
A method for handling manure near barns avoids washing away fertility. Place manure against the barn’s outside under the eaves and shovel it out a window. Install a gutter to carry roof water to one end of the barn so settled water drains away from the manure.
An 11 paragraph excerpt explains constructing a hog manure pen with 7 8 feet width and varying length to fit barn size. It describes digging two feet deep, using boards and posts, side boards inside posts, covering with muck loam or sods, and employing pigs to tramp. It advises even spreading, filling before carting, adding absorbents to control moisture, and loading technique to avoid spills. It also notes that smaller, uniform lots can fetch better prices by appealing to buyers.
The article emphasizes selecting a breed for its quality and ensuring the breed type is clearly shown. It argues that sheep should display the characteristic type they represent to be most effective for breeding improvements.
At current prices cotton seed meal is cheaper and better for cattle than cotton seed, especially when fed with corn or Kafir. Feeding two pounds daily to steers improves growth while keeping fertility at home. Oklahoma farmers should use locally produced meal to offset high freight and profit from feed and soil fertility, per National Rural.
A Farm and Home tip by Lewis Olsen explains tying a rope under the horse tail and across the back behind the shoulders then through a halter ring to the chest to create a jerk when the animal pulls. The method uses a half inch rope about eight feet long and a long halter rope to prevent falling and train the horse.
Farmers debate pork costs with claims of cheaper own pork. Maryland station experiments show pork can cost 2% cents per pound under favorable, healthful conditions, but losses from disease alter costs. Milk from pig feeding and access to cheap feed, like skim milk, can reduce costs. Pork production is cheapest with young hogs.
Farmers are advised to fatten hogs before shipping to market or using pork barrels. Feed weathered hay that is not moldy in small portions, supplement with grain to maintain quality, and use bulky foods like clover bay pumpkins or mingies to keep hogs thrifty. If pumpkins are available, feed first then clover or nearby spring forage.
Prof. Plumb explains corn smut as a tiny tubular plant that invades corn tissues. It produces spores inside tubes, forming masses that wither, while dark smut consists largely of spores. Farmers suspect harm to stock, but evidence of injury is limited.
An old farmer notes the shift from day wages to piece rates, praising past racing methods that kept workers moving. He recalls paying 1.50 dollars a day and discusses cutting corn at 1.50 per acre, comparing efficiency to the slower day wage era. He laments modern helpers work only for immediate gain.
Practical tips from Ohio agricultural writers cover using manure and other absorbents to control liquids and nitrogen loss in cattle yards, safe baiting for skunks, the rise of gasoline engines over steam in Ohio, and advice on farm painting. Emphasizes choosing durable iron paints proven by railroad use and kept in good repair as a cost saver.
The article explains that larger cropper acre yields reduce cost per bushel and increase profit. It cites that a 15 bushel per acre wheat crop costs about 5 cents per bushel, while a 90 bushel crop costs about 27 cents. Profit depends on market prices and farm conditions. 15 bushels may yield zero profit, while higher yields can offer steady profit.
The article explains feeding young hares from weaning through three months, stressing abundant hay and green feed, occasional milk or milk and bread, and increased dry foods as they age. It advises separate sexes at three months, selecting breeders, and keeping roomy runs with salt, oil meal, and warm, moist mash for all ages to prevent snuffles and encourage exercise.
A brief crop of notes discusses stack ventilation using three stakes in a V shape to air dry farm products and stabilize heaps against wind. It cites fertility losses, noting not more than one quarter of plant food returns to cultivated ground, and adds tips on protecting tools with crude petroleum and cheap mineral paint to prevent rust.
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