Vaccines Target COVID-19 Spike Protein Across Approaches
The article outlines how vaccines aim to teach the immune system to recognize the coronavirus spike protein. It describes methods using live attenuated and inactivated viruses in Vero cells, and the creation of DNA or RNA strands encoding the spike protein to provoke immune responses without exposing people to the full virus.
Viral vector vaccines explained in brief
A sequence creates DNA for the spike protein which is cloned into a viral vector. The carrier virus may spread minimally or not reproduce. The carrier is injected, human cells produce the spike protein, and the spikes are non dangerous since the rest of the virus is absent. The immune system then trains to fight future exposures.
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