Worldwide 1923 Review Highlights Hard Times and Shifting Powers
The year ends with Germany weakened by non settlement of reparations and Ruhr occupation while France Britain tensions rise. Turkey rises after Lausanne with Kemal Pasha as president. Spain shifts to dictatorship under Primo Rivera. Harding dies in San Francisco and Coolidge takes over amid looming 1924 election indications.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Germany
Japan
United States
Italy
Finland
Czechoslovakia
Turkey
Russia
Ruhr
France
Great Britain
Mustapha Kemal Pasha
Primo Rivera
Spain
Harding
San Francisco
Calvin Coolidge
Republican Party
Europe Struggles Over Reparations And Turkish Treaty Tangles
Diplomats faced a tangle of German reparations with France moving to seize Ruhr assets despite Allied hesitations. Britain sought a joint approach, while Germany shifted to passive resistance and Versailles repudiation. In the east Turkey pressed for gains at Lausanne, and Corfu Crisis with Italy ended after league intervention. Washington settled debt talks and recognition with Mexico, closing a busy diplomatic year.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
France
Ruhr
Turkey
Japan
Paris
Germany
Hughes
United States
Berlin
Reparations Commission
Great Britain
Harding
Cuno
Reichstag
Belgium
Italy
England
Balelum
Ruhr Occupat
America
Poulivare
Stresemann
Dr. Cuno
Kineland
Poincare
Coolidge
Lausandne
Mustapha Kemal
Constantinople
Mosul
Thrace
Lord Curzon
Russia
Greece
Albania
Corfu
League of Nations
Mussolini
Legue
League
Allied Council of Ambassadors
Jugo-Slavia
Fiume
Washington
Pacific
Mexico
Harding Death and Coolidge Rise Shape 1924 Political Scene
The nation mourned President Warren G. Harding as he died in August after a West Coast trip. Vice President Calvin Coolidge took oath, continued Harding policies, and faced a crowded field for both parties that year. Congressional actions and state political turmoil also marked the period, including impeachments and landmark land ownership rulings.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
United States
Warren G. Harding
Tie
Middle
Alaska
Uearding
World Court
San Francisco
Washington
Marion
Ohio
Yarding
Calvin Coolidge
Plymouth
Harding
Republican Party
Mr. Harding
Coolidge
Hiram Johnson
California
Pinchot
Pennsylvania
LaFollettte
Wisconsin
Underwood
William G. McAdoo
Ralston
Indiana
al Smith
New York
Silver
New Jersey
Lienry Hord
Republican National Committee
Cleveland
Fall
Hubert Work
Harry S$. New
Daugherty
House
Judiciary Committee
Robert Woods Bliss
Sweden
Miles Poindexter
Peru
R. M. Tobin
Netherlands
E. T. Sanborn
Supreme Court of the United States
Frank T. Hines
Veterans’ Bureau
Colonel Forbes
Senate
Gillett
Walton
Oklahoma
W. T. McCray
George Starvey
Court of St. James
Frank B. Kellogg
Supreme Court
Pacific Coast
Turbulent 1920s Europe Shifts Amid Revolts and Regimes
A broad survey catalogs Germany's political and economic crisis, Bavarian coups, Stresemann's brief coalition and rentenmark plan, Spain's Primo Rivera revolt, Bulgaria's bloodless change, Britain’s postwar conferences, and rising unrest in Ireland Portugal Poland Romania Sweden and Mexico with shifts toward stability in Russia and ongoing divisions over trade and governance.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Memel
League of Nations
Witos
Bratiano
Romania
Branting
Sweden
Russia
Moscow
Supreme Court
Zepliak
Butchkovich
Roman Catholic Church
Zeplak
Mexico
Adolfo de la Huerta
Obregon
Year in Review: U S Labor Strikes and Wage Reforms
The year saw a major anthracite strike in which negotiations failed, then a negotiated settlement accepted by September. Rail and steel sectors raised wages, with steel ending the twelve hour day. The AFL convention opposed a political labor party and Soviet recognition, while Gompers retained leadership amid intra federation rifts.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
United States
Coolidge
Pinchot
Pennsylvania
Elbert H. Gary
U. S. Steel Corporation
American Federation of Labor
Portland
Ore
Gompers
Disaster record of 1920s shocks and fires worldwide
A historical list recounts major disasters from September 1 earthquake and fires in Japan destroying Yokohama and large parts of Tokyo with about 225000 dead, to floods, eruptions, shipwrecks, and dam breaks across the globe in the year. It notes relief by the American government and Red Cross and other nations joining in aid.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Japan
Yokohama
Tokyo
Red Cross
Kelso
Wash
Dawson
Cumberland
B. C
Ward’s Island
New York
Corea
Hot Springs
Ark
Cleveland
D. C
Kansas
Oklahoma
Colorado
Mt. Etna
Kemmerer
Wryo
Hongkong
Bergamo
Italy
Forsythe
N. Y
Colombia
Ecuador
Also Mentioned on This Page
Edward W. Pickard
Foreign Affairs
Cune
Reedstag
Cuna
Gustave Stresemaann
Bavaria
Gustave von Kahr
Saxony
Thuringia
Hitler
von Ludendorff
Munich
Ludendorff
Frederick William
Holland
Rhineland
Bavarian Palatinate
Strese- Taann
Heinrich Albert
Adam Stegerwald
Wilhelm Marx
Marquis de Estella
Rivera
Bulgaria
Stampboulisky
Professor Zankoff
Andrew Bonar Law
Stanley Baldwin
British Empire
London
Baldwin
Lloyd George
Liberal Party
Laborites
Ramsay MacDonald
Free State
Liam Lynch
Eamon de Valera
Dublin
Manuel Teixeira Gomes
Portugal
Poland
Lithuania
Industrial and Labor
Sonner Union
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