England's Royal Revenues Under Debate in Parliament
The July discussion in the British House of Commons centers on royal grants. Mr Labouchere attacks endowments, while Mr Smith pleads for new funds, noting the U S president earns far more. The article predicts a future reckoning and reduced royal pay.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Labouchere
Smith
United States
Lord Chamberlain
Gladstone
Patriotic Mr Slade and Norfolk Navy Yard rant
A letter praises F L Slade as a patriotic reformer suited for high office. It mocks naval officers and urges the president to let Slade push his political patronage agenda, claiming government posts exist to reward party loyalists and the Norfolk Navy Yard should supply patriots rather than ships.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
F. L. Slade
Norfolk
Boots
Jade
Slade
United States
Post Office
Naval Yards
Washington
George Washington
Republic
Norfolk Navy Yard
Commodore Brown
Bowles
United States Navy
Navy Yard
Wanamaker
Proposal for a Year of Compulsory Military Service
A memorial from Georgis military companies asks the Legislature to enact one year of compulsory military service for all able-bodied males aged 18 to 22. The piece argues it would strengthen national defense and impart discipline, despite traditions resisting compulsory service.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Georgis
Weapon Training Could Double National Danger, Warns Historian
An analysis warns that widespread weapon training would double the nation’s danger level and expand citizen involvement in arms, potentially boosting military readiness but increasing risks to public safety and civil life.
Prohibition Leader Mr Price Sees Weather and Politics Aligned
In bright sky and cool breeze a stance forms that Prohibition leader Mr Price may be speaking with clear vision about the upcoming election. He argues the defeat last state election shows alliances with politicians fail. his party will expose those plans this fall while praising the sunlit day.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Mr. Price
Price
Tax on Fortune of American Heiresses to Europe
A proposal urges a heavy tax on the fortunes of American heiresses who marry foreign noblemen to curb exportation of wealth and young women. The argument cites Miss Caldwell and Prince Murat as examples and suggests guardians be stricter to prevent misalliance with foreign aristocracy.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Europe
Miss Caldwell
Prince Murat
America
A Prize Prig and a Twin Lot Drawing in Omaha
The piece rails against priggishness in college youth and urges openness to reading diverse authors. It notes a Omaha Republican offer granting a building lot to children born between January 15 1889 and April 15 1890 whose parents subscribe to the paper, with twins receiving two chances.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Omaha
Weather Bulletin Foretells Rain Yet Delights Persist
The Signal Service notes forecasts of rain yet reports unusually pleasant weather over the past week. Forecasters remain confident in rain predictions, while residents enjoy clear skies and mild temperatures in the interim.
Minneapolis Growth Outpaces St. Paul Says Warned
The text notes Minneapolis continues to grow while admitting it cannot claim joy over growth versus St. Paul. It adds Pittsburgh is setting a strong example in healthy urban expansion and mentions wholesale annexation as a factor.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Minneapolis
St. Paul
Pittsburg
War Trade Swings as American Industry Stocks Exchange
The article notes likely massive exchanges of American mills breweries and factories for British gold before transactions finalize. It argues Uncle Sam will provide the funds while Great Britain supplies the experience.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Concle Sam
Johnny Bull
Mixxister WhitLaw Confronts Dinner Etiquette Dispute
A fragmented item reports MIXxISTER WHITELAW Bur resisting strict dinner etiquette with South American ambassadors. The note hints at Mr Reid needing to remember a point or obligation in this social friction.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Whitelaw Bur
Picayune
Mr. Reid
Dismissals and Dignity Notes from a Wagging World
A wry column comments on leaving the table first to preserve dignity, cites Consul Joan Jannert of Birmingham denying Times interview claims, scolds Sam Jones for alleged druggist whisky sales, and jokes about an educated rooster traveling with Kuta Claxton as a season advance agent.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Joan Jannert
Birmingham
England
Times
Kuta Claxton
Photographer Bower Sued Over Fisher Death
The widow of Frederick Fisher sues photographer Bower for heavy damages alleging he posed as a physician and treated Fisher for lung disease while he suffered typhoid fever. The case references a Cleveland product named Fants who attempted to impede. The Pittsburg club won a game yesterday.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Bower
Frederick Fisher
Fisher
Pittsburg
Cleveland
Fants
Johnstown Flood Linked to Lewin Bros Bankruptcy
The Johnstown flood is cited as a contributing factor to the failure of Lewin Bros. & Co. the prominent New York dry goods firm. The Woodvale Woolen Mills destruction is noted as a partial cause in the disaster.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Johnstown
Lewin Bros. & Co
New York
Woodvale
Prominent Figures and Birthdays Highlight Varied Notices
Secretary Wincom and Secretary Tracy return to Washington from New York. The will of a San Francisco millionaire rewards churches and social groups with 110000. Louis Hartmax resembles Col. Ingersoll. A New Jersey Republican leader in Lancaster is noted. August set as a birthday month with Tennyson and Dr Fielmes turning 80 and 85. Minister Soprra to Portugal presents credentials in Cintra. Diamonds and stones gifted to presidents lie in Treasury vaults. WaksER Miller pursues summer reading. Senator Hiscock appears tired due to weather. Miss Bessie of Lawrenceville leaves for Seattle, mourned by Butler M E Sabbath school. William Van Epps,South Dakota’s wealthiest citizen, became Sioux Falls banker and entrepreneur. Bishop Walsh elected Archbishop of Toronto, Kingston becomes an archdiocese.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Wincom
Tracy
Washington
New York
San Francisco
Louis 8
Hartmax
Lancaster
Robert G. Ingersoll
Benatoree
New Teck
Suotaam
Saratova
Metropolis
Senator Evarts
Tennyson
Dr. Fielmes
Mr. Soprra
Portugal
Cintra
Treasury
Wakser Miller
Hiscock
Miss Bessie
Lawrenceville
Seattle
Butler M. E. Sabbath School
William van Eps
South Dakota
Sioux Falls
Rome
Walsh
London
Ontario
Toronto
Lynch
Kingston
The Need of the Hour
The Detroit Journal reports Old Simmerdown quipping that with a Sugar Trust in place the city now needs a Beat Sugar Trust to balance power in the market.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
The
Detroit Journal
Old Simmerdown
Deaths of a Day Charlemagne Tower Philadelphia
A private dispatch from Waterville New York reports the death of Charlemagne Tower in his summer home. He was in his early forties, survived by four daughters and an enormous fortune, and had an influential legal career in New York Pennsylvania and Schuylkill County. He helped lead major cases including the Munson and Williams estate matter and was a director of Northern Pacific. Tower pioneered iron ore ventures in Minnesota near Vermillion Lake and built the Lake Two Har Batsar mining operation with a large workforce and railroad progress. He transferred stock and land to a syndicate and held significant mining and railroad interests.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Philadelphia
Waterville
N. Y
Charlemagne Tower
Pennsylvania
Schoylkill
Tower
Munson and Williams
Schupeanty
Exard
Northern Pacific
Iron Resources
Minnesota
Vermillion Lake
Northyrest
Dalath
Dain Ray
Duluth and Iron Range
Porter
English Royal Etiquette and Dinner Etiquette Tales
An American narrator recounts gossip on Windsor life, detailing how invitations to the Queen are issued, the role of Sir Henry Knollys, and seating at dinners. It notes arrival routines, interview moments, and the Queen’s limited breakfast appearances with guests, plus anecdotes of ambassadors’ seating disputes and royal protocol at Windsor and Balmoral.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Pittsburg
Prince Russell Garrison
Windsor
Sandringham
Queen Victoria
Land of the Free
England
George IV
Majesty
George
Weather and diet tips in early 20th century humor
A collage of light quips on weather failures and summer food fads. It notes ice cream as picnic bane, mosquitoes at barns, cucumbers cheap in July, and warnings about extreme heat or cold dulling minds. The piece mocks health advice while urging skepticism.
New York Forms Committees for World Discovery Exposition
At City Hall Mayor Grant chairs a new push to celebrate Columbus discovery with a 1502 World’s Fair ambition. A sixty-member panel will coordinate with national and state authorities to promote the project and secure site and buildings.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
New York
Columbia
Ren Youx
Busipens
City Hall
Grant
Roswell P. Flower
Wm. M. Spear
Edward
Chair. of Commerce
Bixty
Evarea
Cari Mo Ohnim
M. Eva i Schurz
Chauncey M. Wmee
Hamilton J. Pierpont T Morgan
John Agnew
Frederick P
Henry B. Hyde
Samuel Sloan
Chas. B Flint
Jesse Seligman
M. D. Rockefeller
Alex E. Orr
John Claflin
Edward Simmons
Francie B. Thurber
Eunon Kelly
A F. Plummer
John D. Crmmona
John B. Inman
Cornelius Mgscairens
Abramsb. Hewitt
Francis Mole Langs
Ao Ives
Vernon
Doctor launches plan to wipe out mosquitoes in New York
Dr Robert H Lam of 32 Nassau Street proposes a wartime style campaign against mosquitoes and houseflies as persistent health pests. He cites a dramatic blood loss estimate and contemplates aggressive methods to end the insect threat.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
New York
Bim
Robert H. Lamborn
Nassau Street
Minnesota
Prohibition Town Sees Makeshift Saloon On River Island
In Walcent Ohio July 24 a local ordinance closed saloons forcing drinkers to improvise. Shane's Crossing on the St Marys River now hosts a flea saloon on a small island under a bridge where workers waiting for turns buy beer to drink in a wagon.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Walcent
Shane's Crossing
St. Mary's River
Queensland Professor Located Comet in Southern Skies
A cable from the European Union of Astron mers reports Prof. Davideos of Queensland found a bright comet on July 2 in the southern heavens. A position noted July 3 places it near right ascension 12 and declination 92 with a northward motion, distinct from a prior reported comet.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
W. H. Brooks
The American Navy Compared with England
A Lancaster New Era piece argues the US Navy efforts are insignificant against Britain. It notes about six ships completed or building locally, while Britain laid keel for 532 warships this year, with more on the way, highlighting the vast production gap.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
England
Lancaster
Fas
Great Britain
First Monterey and Gulf Railroad train reaches Montemorolos
Reports say the Monterey and Gulf Railroad completed its inaugural run to Montemorolos with a reception for Cartislo at American tion on Saturday. The event marks a milestone for the new line and regional rail service.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Mexico
Crrr
Monterey and Gulf
Montemorolos Yeaterday
Cartislo
Weasan
Unclear Proposal Reported In North Sae Tee Ot
A fragment indicates Commissioner Stephen of North Sae Tee Ot sought August C. Gabist to find a wife for him, promising $20 from the old missioner if successful. The text is fragmentary with missing context and names likely garbled.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
New York
Stephen
North Sae Tee Ot
August C. Gabist
Not So Bad as it Might Be Prince of Baden Beset
Rbhevumatiam of the lungs is said to have attacked the Prince of Baden. The note remains grave but the pocketbook rheumatiam presents a more common, less heroic worry for readers.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Baden
Queen to drink whisky ordered by physicians
The Chicago Herald notes doctors advise the Queen to drink whisky rather than champagne as the great American drink grows in popularity and may influence European royalty.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Chicago Herald
Europe
Bengal tiger mauls boy at John Robinson show
Willie Wamser eight years old was clawed on the arm by a Bengal tiger at the John Robinson show in Portsmouth. Blood poisoning feared as the animal exhibit continues.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Porttsmmouth
Willie Wamser
Striking the Lyre and the King’s Departures
The Boston Herald reports Poet Laureate Tennyson near his fifth decade facing a sparse year as lectures pause for royal ceremonies. Meanwhile the Keys executive board members have left the city in a quiet tide of departures.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
The
Boston Herald
Tennyson
Gotham Gossip Sees Palmer Arrest Over Forged Checks
William Stokes Palmer, posing to a London syndicate emissary, persuaded Mark Jacobs to cash 50 checks then passed a 700 dollar counterfeit draft. The Canal Street merchant was paid 200 in change. the 700 dollar instrument bounced. Palmer, arrested at the Astor House, offered a salary suit defense with no clear explanation.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Kenitz & Co
Jacobs
Palmer
Astor House
United States Commercial Company
Lawrenceville Wedding Transforms Bates Home into Floral Arbor
The home of E W Bates on Forty fourth street became a floral arbor for the marriage of his sister Anna M Bates to James E Adams of Bolivar Pa. Dr Pearce officiated and Miss Maschenheim played Wagner's Bridal March. Three guests witnessed the ceremony including Mrs L D Bates and Mrs L F Matson. The couple left for their new home in Lowellville as Hagan catered.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
E.W. Bates
Fortyfourth Street
Anna M. Bates
James E. Adama
Bolivar
Pearce
Butler Street
M. E
Maschenheim
Wagner
L. D. Bates
L. F. Matson
Vermont
James A
Joni Erskine
James Devidee
Nessel
Mieries
Lowellville
le France
Jesse
Jim le Franc
Fraden
L. Erskine Ae Ee Petdarew
Termination of a Curious Case Divorces Nott for Infidelity
A Brooklyn case ends with the decree of divorce granted to Mrs. Carrie A. Nott. Herbert Nott sued on grounds of infidelity after years of suspected abandonment and late nights at a club. Nott pursued the split without opposing his wife's petition.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Herbert Nott
Brooklyn
Carrie A. Bassett
Nutt
Edward Bushnell
Bushnell
Mr. Nutt
Hoe
Abe
Careless Drivers in Jail Reported
Two fatal accidents prompt jail for both drivers. A four year old named Josephins Overhury was struck and killed by a Third Avenue horse car. Later a four year old named Joseph Israel died after a wagon collision.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Josephins Overhury
Third Avenue
Joseph Israel
General Clark declines Havre consulship
Brigadier General Emmons Clark, former commander of the Seventh Regiment, declines the Havre consulship. He says learning French and serving as consul would be too hard while he would be lonely and homesick far away. As secretary of the Board of Health he need not worry about languages or much else.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Emmons Clark
Seventh Regiment
Havre
the Board of Health
Clark
Desert-worn vagabond captured after assault in farm house
A barefoot, ragged man with long matted hair was seized after a struggle in the Plainfield mountains. He assaulted a man and a woman, had stones in his pockets, and was taken by four men to the North Plainfield lockup. He speaks only in gibberish.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Plainfield
North Plainfield
Woman, 70, Dies After Cat Incident With Youth
Mrs. Eidel Beck, 70, scolded Jesse Abraham, 13, for tormenting a cat in the corridor. He allegedly swung the cat at her head, causing a fall and brain inflammation. She died later after coroner was called to take ante mortem statements.
Frank Duffy Seeks Job After Civil Service Filing
The Hon. Frank Duffy submitted a filled blank to the Civil Service Commission, listing a wide range of past roles from machinist to Mayor’s office messenger and Tammany Hall shouter, and asserting a preference for a messenger or similar easy post. He admits prior public service on Fernando Wood’s police forces and notes a prior dismissal linked to Republican efforts, with acknowledgments of Croker Grant Flack and Gilroy knowing him.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Frank Duffy
Civil Service Commission
Freman
Tammany Hall
Sherif
A. Messenger
Public Service
Fernando Wood
Republican Jobry
Duffy
Richard Croker
Grant
Flack
Gilroy
Gossips and a Planned Quintuple Hanging At Tombs
A weekly writer notes Mary Anderson’s friends mask her mental illness as rumors swirl about her fate in a private mad house. Preparations for a five man hanging at the Tombs prison are under way with August 23 target, three in the first batch and two in the second. Under-Sheriff Sexton orders the gallows use and the Likely first trio Lewis Packenham Nolan. Hangman Atkina in good humor. Lewis dances a plantation break-down in the corridor. Packenham remains calm saying he is ready to die.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Today
Mary Anderson
Sam
Kentucky
Ferdinand Carolin
Charles Giblin
John Lewis
James Nolan
Park Packenham
Tombs
Sexton
Lewis
Packenham
Nolan
Joe Atkin
Failed Before it Began Syndicate Project Abandoned
London July 35 The plan to form a syndicate of paper manufacturers in London has been abandoned after initial talks. The move aimed to consolidate production but was dropped before any formal agreement.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
London
Harvest Echoes in the Quiet Rest of the Dead
The verse ponders what disturbs the dead as summer grasses, winter snows, and autumn winds sweep over the living. It imagines the departed longing to rise again, to love and to weep, enduring fate’s weather from beneath a deep rest, a quiet harvest of memory.
Marriage Notice for Charles Cutler and Maggie Shayle
Mr. Charles Cutler married Maggie B M Shayle at her home on 44th Street with Rev M D Lichlighter officiating. A large ceremony and reception followed with family and guests in attendance.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Charles Cutler
Maggie B. M. Shayle
J.B. Shayle
Forty-fourth Street
M.D. Lichlighter
E. Church
Keane Vial
Joct Sa
Thomas
Half His Life Spent in Jail Hoosier Convict
Henry Brown, about 40, arrives at Michigan City Penitentiary to serve a three year term from Fort Wayne. He is described as Indiana’s banner convict, now in his ninth term, with a 20 year prison record. He has rarely spent more than two to three months outside prior terms. The record lists theft and other offenses. his occupation is shown as thief.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Laporte
Syn
Henry Brown
Michigan City
Fort Wayne
Brown
Indiana
AnCees
Indiana Faster Robert Marvel Nearing Recovery After Forty-One Days
Indiana octogenarian faster Robert Marvel completed his forty-first day of abstention from food. He ate two pieces of pie on a Sunday and showed improved strength, rising from bed and walking briefly. Though weak, he remains alert and hopeful for recovery as doctors monitor his condition.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Indiana
Indianapolis
Robert Marvel
Marvel
Accidents Claim Life of Four-Year-Old Warren Fausey
Warren Fausey 4 of Du Boistown near Williamsport died in a hospital after a nosebleed began Monday. An accident occurred when his sleeping son rolled over, striking the father on the nose and triggering the bleeding that persisted through the day.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Williamsport
Warren Fausey
du Boistown
Jockey John J. Murphy Funeral in Mort Haven
Funeral arrangements honor John J. Murphy famed jockey and Fleetwood Park trainer for a quarter century. A tribute notes his influence on steeplechase wins and his professional circle of friends and associates.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Jocker Murphy
Mort Haven
N. Y
John J. Murphy
Fleetwood Park
Boner
Muhlenburg Professor Injured in Farm Accident
Prof. E. B. Dieter of Muhlenburg College was seriously injured at his Kreageville farm when a mowing scythe hanging on a tree limb fell and gashed his throat while he rested. The accident occurred in Allentown on July 3.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Allentows
E. 8
Dieter
Muhlenburg College
Kreageville
Carbon County
Habeas Corpus Granted in Ives Case at Ludlow Street Jail
Judge O'Brien issued a writ of habeas corpus for Henry Ives in the Ludlow Street Jail case. The action seeks release and contest of a bond or claim tied to a large sum of 2 551 333 dollars connected with the Daytona Railroad Company dispute.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
New Yor
O'Brien
Hoory & Ives
Ludlow Street
Staup Grantaton
Cine Daytona Railroad Company
Ex-employees to Florence for three-year work guarantee
Forty former Branford Lock Works workers depart New Haven for Florence Alabama where Charlie Foster has secured a job guarantee. Wages will range from 176 to 3 dollars per day.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
New Haven
Branford Lock Works
Florence
Charlies Foster
Trenton
N.J
Restored to Government Post Under Civil Service Rule
A note records McIntyre of Illinois, once a special examiner in the Kanar, being reinstated under modified civil service rule 10 after a price restoration period in Washington on July 21.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
WasHiveton
McIntyre
Tiinois
Ees Cuca Eine Orma Wuave
Hay Fire Burns Barn in West Cmester
A hay stack caught fire in West Cmester Pennsylvania on July 2 due to spontaneous combustion, destroying a barn and causing significant loss to John A Tenances. Firefighters responded but the blaze caused extensive damage to stored hay and related equipment.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
West Cmester
Saul
John A Tenances
Odd Local News From New Brighton and Nearby Areas
A fragmentary tale from New Brighton tells of a 21 year old bottle of applejack found in Gettysburg while a man fled during the war dropping a four gallon keg in a posthole. A Harrisburg taxiprencher shows a white egret near McCormick island with a measured height under 8 inches. A Montrose man loses a leg to amputation, walking with a crutch. A Fulton county girl raises eight young with a turkey hen, two rabbits nearby. An Ohio West Virginia couple, both over 60, fall ill. A cat dies attempting to kill a three foot snake. An East Liverpool resident vows never to lie again.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
New Brighton
Gettysburg
Miss Sprosor
Ayr Township
Fulton County
Bridget
Ned
New York
Tooriet
Philadelphia Inquirer
Old Brown
Brown
Omara
Curious Condensations and Oddities Across Eras
A jumble of brief notices mentions curiosities from ancient dolls unearthed in a Roman sarcophagus to a meteoric stone found after a thunderstorm in Pennsylvania. It notes unusual swindles, scholarly editors, livestock bites, a new black lead mine in Maine, fundraising by a Burlington Sunday school, and a remarkable animal vision ability seen in hares and giraffes.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
San Francisco
Elizabeth
N. J
Napis
Georgia
Vassar
Atlantic Highlands
Clinton Martz
Boonsboro
Somerville
Augusta
Burlington
J. K. Uiittenberger
Liverpool
Perry County
Pennsylvania
Zool Gardens
Menos Ayres
Bar Harbor Society
Cushman
Charlotte Cushman
Edward O'Connor
Lawrenceburg
Categ
Funny Men's Fancies and Witty Quotes
A collage of humorous snippets and quips from late 19th century papers. Jests about marriage, love folly, bills, alimony, professions, and social manners appear in brief exchanges and lampoons. Notable lines reference Bridget, a widower, a dentist, and a traveling critic of manners.
Also Mentioned on This Page
the Dispatch
Fifth Avenue
Diamond Street
Tribune Building
Tux DistaTce
Daly
MR. Slade
PRIG
Roe
Haggard
Hawthorne
Eliot
Swinburne
Harte
Morris
Rossetti
Homer
Virgil
Dante
Goethe
Hugo
Shakespeare
Plato
Kant
Bacon
Spencer
Rossettior Harte
Sam Jones
Charlemagne
Mary Laptos
Mary Lapton
Wylie Avenue
Henry Knollys
Lat
Shah
Bir H. Knollys
M. Waddington
Hussein Ghooly Khan
Cierong
Dublin Castle
Preas
Burke
Mr. Howell
Boston
Fort Worth
Baltimore American
Brooklyn Times
Milwaukee Journal
Vineyard
Martha's Vineyard
Hanees
Celessial
Prof
Davideos
Queensland
Chicago Grocers Fair
Knigtts
Pere Mores Ok Oe Ket
Gotham
E. W. Bates
Lach
Jong Go
Lote
Shayle-Cailer
Henry Ives
W. W. Story
Harrisburg
McCormick's Island
Forpax Bla
Montrose
Blair Therempon
Ohio
W. Va
East Liverpool
David A. Thompson
Columbus
Simpson
Sampson