Try 7 days of FREE access to billions of articles

Start Free Trial

Pittsburgh Dispatch in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

We have 17,918,174 pages in Pennsylvania

View this page and access billions of articles with a 7-day free trial.

Start Free Trial

This is just the beginning! Our collection holds over 300 years of history, including rare newspapers, obituaries, marriage records, birth records, and so much more—most of which you won’t find anywhere else!

Start Free Trial

Cancel anytime, risk free

Not what you were looking for? Search our billions of articles

Advanced Search

Articles on This Page

This newspaper page contains 47 articles. Subscribers can read the full text of each article.

Newspaper

Pittsburgh Dispatch

Location

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Date

Aug 28, 1891

Page

2

Conday Captured in Allegheny Murder Case Twist

Thomas Conday alias Eggie Conroy, wanted for the murder of Mrs. Paul Rudert in Tarentum on December 24 1889, was captured after detectives recognized him near Slocum's alley. He claimed to be confined in Columbus penitentiary on the day of the tragedy and gave the name John Wilson during transit to Central Station.

Thomas Condry Eggie Conroy Paul Rudert Tarentum Allegheny County Alexander Killain Nan Conarr Fitsgerald Central Station Condry John Wilson

Long-Wanted Condry Identified in Mrs Rudert Murder Case

Thomas Condry, sought in the Benevolent murder, admitted involvement in the West Virginia deputy shooting but claimed alibi. Detectives identified him among burglars and linked him to the Radert store killing. authorities consider turning him over to West Virginia if alibi holds.

Condry Sought by Benwood Authorities with Reward

A reward offer of 230 dollars was issued by Benwood authorities for Condry. The marshal was not seriously hurt. Condry was last believed to be in low dives around the city. Pittsburg police had watched a Tolakive’s house where he was captured for about two years, with detectives shadowing it previously. Condry claimed he was once an inmate at the Columbus penitentiary.

McKeesport Lince Fitzgerald Thomas Conalry Wheeling West Va Brudert Iss Columbus Johnston Ohio Mabonineton John Mack Cowdry Gilkinson Langhorst Radert Condry Benwowl W. Va Efewards Wis Robert New York Shine Lanehorst Pivshure Cal Acurnst Griffen Coulson West Virginia Duu McAleese Benwood Conder Vis Burlach Dswd Porter Smith Bene Pittsburg Tolakive Columbus Penitentiary

Swiss Centennial Celebration Planned in Ross Grove

Arrangements are complete for the sixth centennial of Swiss independence at Ross Grove on Monday. A huge parade is planned with several thousand in line, visitors from up to 100 miles away, and excursions by rail. Major Gourley and Mayor Wrman will speak, with Chief Brown leading 40 mounted police. Swiss societies from Steubenville, Youngstown, Katre, Alliance and Salem expected, many in traditional dress. The parade route and program will be published in Sunday editions. Great preparations are under way for a notable social and sports program, featuring music and celebrations by adopted citizens of the republic.

Ross' Grove Mondev Gourley Grove Wrman Brown Allegheny Stenbenville Youngstown Katre Alliance Salem Arnol Schneider West Penn

Scurvy Trick Alleged Over Minstrel Show Tickets

Cleveland reports a plotted prank targeting the W. and Cleveland minstrel company. Fliers were placed on bills at Homestead claiming Homestead Opera House hosts Saturday events, while the troupe performs in Duquesne and Louisville. Manager Cleveland vows investigation and will seek justice.

Drunk Passenger Tries Odd Route From Grant to Wood Street

An intoxicated man caused trouble aboard a Fifth Avenue streetcar at Grant street. He was fired at Linwood Street, jumped to a following car headed toward the city, and resisted when told he was at Wood Street. He insisted he wanted Atwood stretch, then finally Aligned with Wood Street.

Oskland Fifth Avenue Grant Street Iinwiddie Street Noth Atwood Stretch Wood Street Atn Street the Connector

Weir to assume full control of Pittsburg Police

Miles Humphreys becomes Chief Engineer and heads Public Safety reforms after September 1. Gamble Weir moves from nominal superintendent to full authority directing Inspectors and handling complaints. Assistant O Mara shifts to support role. changes include office reassignments and start of architectural alterations.

Fire and Police Department of Public Safety Miles Humphreys Gamble Weir Bureau of Police Weir Public Safety Department O'Mara Chieftown Brown Eee Bureau Law Kurea

Smoke Nuisance Sparks Allegheny Smoke Consumer Bid

The Allegheny sub committee on Public Safety discussed smoke consuming devices and recommended that the Chief of Public Works solicit bids for a smoke consumer to attach to boilers at the Howard street pumping station. The panel planned a visit next Thursday to sites using such devices. The City Property sub committee failed to quorate for a meeting on leasing wharves and landings.

Allegheny

Narrow Escape At Keeling Tipple Caves

A group of boys buried themselves in a refuse pile at the Keeling coal tipple above Twelfth street. John Kredewois, 15, drilled into ten feet of ryeen and became trapped. After a half hour of digging he was reached unconscious but revived. his head and shoulder area remained supported, preventing a fatal collapse and likely asphyxiation.

Twelfth Street John Kredewois

Shooting for a Trophy at Salt Works Station

The Delamnater trophy contest runs today and tomorrow on the Fourteenth Regiment range Salt Works station. Seven men and one reserve per team from each brigade organization form eight teams from infantry regiments battery and cavalry. Sixteenth Regiment has won twice and would own the trophy if successful again. Top scorers earn selection to Mt Gretna for the next weeks annual shoot.

Delamnater Ringe Salt Works Station Mt. Gretna

The Old Man Failing Among Economites

Jacob Henrici of Economy, octogenarian leader of the Economites, was seen on the streets yesterday attended by a stripping youth. The article notes his failing health, rheumatism, and his close association with Mr. Heariel and Mr. Doss, members of the society council of nine.

Jacob Henrici Economites Doss Council of Nine

Kicked Door In as Derby Follows Accuser to Fight

C W Derby a Chicago resident was arrested at 187 Flat Avenue by Detective Robinson after the woman accuses him of robbery. He allegedly pursued her from Columbus to this city, demanded entry, kicked the door in, and confronted her in her room before police removed him to custody.

C. W. Derby Cc. W. Derby Chicago Fliat Avenue Robinson Derby Reace Columbus

Mysterious Shot Case Against Cuppert Continues

Charles Cuppert, accused of shooting Joseph Xan while she drove along Browns ville arenas, faced a rue hearing that revealed growing mystery in the case. Cuppert’s assertion of innocence rests on three witnesses who place him at home during the shooting, while more witnesses were unavailable and the hearing was continued.

Charles Cuppert Joseph Xan Brownsville Arenas Nao Cuppert

Last Break Of A Water Main Disrupts East End Traffic

Superintendent Paisley of the Public Highway Department led a large crew repairing a water main at Aiken and Ellsworth avenues. The Duquesne Traction line rerouted cars along Center Negley and Highland to Larimer as repairs continued. Paisley expected completion by morning and passable streets for electric cars today.

Paisley Public Highway Department East End Aiken Ellsworth Avenues Duquesne Center Avenue Center Negley Highland Avenues Larimer Avenue

Badly at loggerheads Ferrenbach and Seidle clash in suits

Charles Ferrenbach proprietor of a Pins Street barber shop filed information before Alderman Hartman accusing Herman Seidle of nemesis and battery, while Seidle countersued Ferrenbach for conduct. Ferrenbach had recently claimed Beldle stole his trade and hurled insults, leading to two suits before the justice.

Charles Ferrenbach Hartman Herman Seidie Seidie Ferrenbach Pins Street Beldle Seldile Bhit Ferrenbach O ‘Squire

Fire accusation against Mrs Albrecht over alleged larceny

Mrs Magdelina Albrecht of Lower St Clair township is under bail awaiting charge of larceny. Alderman Hartman will hear the case on Saturday as Mrs Evyers and Mrs Meyers accuse her of entering a home and stealing a red hot canta and a carpet.

Albrecht Magdelina Albrecht Lower St. Clair Township Alderman Hartman Mary Evyers Meyers Hartman

Squandered a Fortune Arrest Ties Havey and Jones

Detective Robinson arrested John Havey and Magrie Jones of Wheeling last night. Havey, 53, is said to have squandered about $150,000 over ten years, much of which Jones allegedly acquired. The fortune came from Havey’s father, a former leading figure.

John Havey Robinson Magrie Jones Wheeling Havey Jones Rhee

Missing Frankstown man Edward McNally last seen Wednesday

Edward McNally of Frankstown remains missing after being confined by illness and leaving his home during the night period. Police have no trace or clear leads, and it is unclear when he vanished.

Edward McNally Frankstown

The Synagogue as Class Rooms at Aoe Street Synagogue

Dr Norcross stated yesterday that the Aoe Street Synagogue would be repurposed as classroom space. The plan aims to accommodate additional teaching areas and broaden community education access.

Norcross Aoe Street

College plans for next month on old building site

The college outlines an upcoming plan for the Ith of next month. The residential portion of the old building will remain in use. No site work has been undertaken yet.

College

Happy Couple in Sixth Street Domestic Spat Ends at Central Station

A lively street scene near the Bion theatre on Sixth Street drew a large crowd as Mattie Meldrum walked with a young man. James Meldrum chased and denounced his wife, leading to disorderly conduct arrests by Detective Meighe. At Central station the Meldrums recounted their stories to officers ahead of a magistrate hearing.

Sixth Street Mattie Meldrum Bloomfield Penn Avenue James Meldrum Meldrum Sto Short Meighe Central Station Meldrum Yew Street

Mortuary Report Shows High Death Rate This Week

The week ending August 23 recorded 110 deaths, an annual rate of 23.36 per 1,000. Deaths by area totaled 26 in Old City, 33 in East End, 41 in Southside, and 1 at institutions. Infant deaths under 1 numbered 4 percent. ages 1–5 22. 5–40 33. 40–70 12. 70–80 6. 80–90 9. Typhoid caused 12 deaths, diphtheria 5, tabes 11, consumption 5, nervous disease 0, heart trouble 12, other respiratory 12, digestive 17, age 2, violent causes. Of the dead, 65 were natives of Pittsburgh, 3 from other U.S. parts, 9 from Germany, 5 from Ireland. Marital status: 22 married, 7 single, 6 widowed, 3 widowers, 2 not stated.

Old City East End Pittsbur United States Germany Ireland

Seventy-year-old man seeks lodging after Baltimore walk

Franz Stein, 64, applied for lodging at the Twenty-eighth ward station last night. He said he had walked from Baltimore and planned to reach Charlestown, West Virginia, where his sister lives.

Franz Stein Twenty-eighth Ward

Atlantic City excursion closes season with 250 riders

The last Atlantic City trip via the Baltimore and Ohio railroad departed yesterday morning carrying 250 passengers. The Western express on the Pennsylvania Railroad split into three sections as excursionists return westward. A fire at Hippley & Sons brewery cooper shop in Allegheny triggered a call to No.9 Engine Company around 3 PM. Alderman Succop married Joun Devine and Mary Haley yesterday. the charge by Miss Haley was withdrawn. A dog with license plate No 2978 entered Joshia Consox's home. he seeks the owner. Beth Jacob Congregation tax dedication services are Sunday at 1 PM, with a reception at 7:90 PM.

Oue Atlantic City Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Joun Devine Mary Haley Alderman Succop Devine Miss Haley Cooper Shop Hippley & Sons’ Brewery Allegheny Western Express Pennsylvania Railroad Joshia Consox South Twelfth Street Cohen Colwell Street

Razors in the Air A Color Fight Over a Woman

A late night cutting affray on Jones avenue left 23 year old Charles Bailey severely cut and stabbed. Bailey, a Black Diamond Steel Works worker, accuses Charles Lee of starting the quarrel at Mrs. P. Coump's Arch Street home. Lee fled but was arrested next day. house raid followed with Charles Johnson Ella Jones and Lusan Woods jailed for three days. Mrs Coump is ill. Les, the alleged cutter, from Baltimore, works at Solar Iron Works.

Jones Avenue Twenty-fifth Street Charles Bailey Black Diamond Steel Works West Penn Hospital Charles Lee P. Coump Arch Street Bailey Lee Hailey Lée George G. McAleese Twelfth Ward Charles Johnson Ella Jones Lusan Woods Coump Les Baltimore Solar Iron Works

Arrest of Mrs. Mallett on Disorderly Conduct Charge

Mrs. John Mallett of 787 Fifth Avenue was arrested by Special Officer McLaughlin on a warrant from Magistrate Gripp for disorderly conduct. John Laughlan had accused her of threatening with a shovel during a rent collection attempt and verbally abusing him. She was jailed at the Fourteenth Ward station and bail was set for a hearing tomorrow.

John Mallett Fifth Avenue McLaughlin Gripp John Laughlan Mudllett Fourteenth Ward

Local arrests reported in Alderman court actions

Mrs May Wrtenan pressed disorderly conduct charges against Ellen Masken of Pine street before Alderman Hack and a hearing was scheduled. Rostox Bock, 72, released after seven years for counterfeiting. Mrs Evinanerea Bras discharged after arrest for taking a cuspidor, husband citing dementia. Mike Weter and Mike Gearing arrested for assault on Edward Scanlon on Try Street, bail posted for hearing. LonG charged with breaking machinery at Ott Bros brickyard, formerly employed there, held for hearing. Mrs Schwinka testified in Anna Proce dispute over assault and battery. she reportedly came out worse. Davin Fotraup sent for hearing on felonious assault. John C. Finch prosecutes in Sheridan Ita Foliard suit for his nine-year-old daughter. Jons Foster charged with assault and battery after dispute with Albert Paperski. ANTONE Vormuan held for trial on assault charge. earlier trouble with same parties noted.

May Wrtenan Ellen Masken Pine Street Hack Rostox Bock Evinanerea Bras Smith Succop Mike Weter Mike Gearing Omlleer Rench Edward Scanlon Try Street Central Station Coanutes Long Ott Bros Boyd's Hill Long John C. Finch Sheridan Ita Foliard Mama

Amalgamated Association Lifts Mill Embargo in Strike Picked Fight

The Amalgamated Association lifted the embargo on mills at Sharpsburg as double turning increased. The Vesuvius mill faces more strikes and a push for white labor while 175 colored workers stand ready to turn in. Union policy shifts toward nonunion mills are debated, with potential broad impact on labor rules.

Vesuvius Sharpsburg William Clark Fort Pitt Linner Nimick Glendale Spang

Interesting labor leaders meet amid city talk

Prominent local labor figures stirred speculation after meetings between Kilver of the Carpenters and Weihe of the Ironworkers. Ex-secretary William Martin then joined Oliver and Swarte, with Martin noting he had awaited a particular man for comment on recent trade trouble. Kilver may issue a press statement addressing the disputes and his talks with Weihe and Martin.

Kilver Brotherhood of Carpenters Weihe Association of Ironworkers Association William Martin Messra Oliver Swarte Mr. Martin Kliver Rtin

Pittsburgher Honored as World’s Fair Congress Adviser

Captain Alfred E. Hunt is appointed to the Advisory Council of the Congress Auxiliary of the World’s Fair Engineering Congresses. The body aims to showcase global intellectual and moral progress at the Columbian Exposition of 1893 through a series of congresses with input from leaders across major fields.

F E. A. Hunt Congress Alfred E. Hunt

Sewickley and Jeannette Railroad charter issued

A charter was issued yesterday at the State Department Harrisburg for the Sewickley and Jeannette Railroad Company. President B L Wood Jr and directors Wee Wi George Darison IB 5 Peilican W J Senily, all of Pittsburgh, with W Wilkins Avierheny and W Wood Port Perry form the board. Capital stock listed at 150,000. The proposed line runs 15 miles from the north bank of the Youghi... to Adamsburg and Jeannette, via Huntingdon and the Big Sewickley valley.

State Department Harrisburg Sewickley and Jeannette Railroad Company B. L. Wood, Jr Wee Wi George & Darison Peilican W. J. Senily Pitteburg Wilkins Avierheny W. Wood Port Perry Huntingdon Adamsburg Jeannette

Labor leader predicts smooth talks with glass workers

The president of a labor organization, widely informed, foresaw no trouble between window glass manufacturers and their men. He cited good reasons for his view but offered no details. In the ensuing days he anticipated developments in the matter.

Mane

Miller Identified by Hawkeyed Detective in Oakland

A man named L. W. Sample, claiming ties to Pinkerton, sought to positively identify James W. Miller as "Jimmy Ryan" by eyeing him in crowd. Miller doubted the plan. A veteran met Sample in Oakland, then brought him to Tar Dispatch office where Sample spoke at length about Ryan before leaving disappointed.

L. W. Sample Distaton Ofice Pinkerton James W. Miller Jimmy Ryan Mr. Miller Lawler Sabon Oakland Miller Sample Newell's Tar Dispateh Mr. Sample

No Love for a New Law by the County Commissioners

The piece reports anger from county officials over a 1891 act changing tax collection credit flow. Commissioners question the added work and responsibility, noting potential friction with the treasurer and collectors. The debate centers on whether the act repeals existing law and if its implementation is feasible amid current duties.

JT. Mercer Percy Digby Itia Etr

Susanna Welsh Reconciles With Abusive Husband at Cruelty Office

Mrs. Susanna Welsh, a frail widow with boarding income, seeks protection from her husband Welsh. He admits abuse, begs forgiveness, pledges reform, and asks not to be left in the cold world. She refuses to press charges, and they reconcile in the Anti Cruelty Society office.

Susanna Welsh The Anti- Cruelty Society Dean de Sota Street Welsh

A Day's Accidents Four Minor Injuries Reported

A day’s accidents record four occurrences with two minor injuries and two serious. McFadden narrowly escaped after a Fifth Avenue cable car struck him near Pride Street, leaving his back wrenched and head cut. William Blatt, a seven year old, was knocked down by a brewery wagon but suffered only minor injuries. Lena Zern, seven, fell from a second story window at 310 Steuben Street, tenecey, with injuries possibly fatal. Peter Morley was hospitalized at Mercy with a crushed right foot from a falling steel ingot at Thomson Steel Works.

McFappins John McFadden Marion Street Fifth Avenue Pride Street Allegheny Zenx Lena Zern Steuben Street Teneecy Merer Peter Morley Mercy Hospital Thomson Steel Works

Dalzell Toasted by Braddock Republicans at Banquet

Delegates and alternates elected to back John Dalzell for the State League of Republican Clubs honored the congressman at a Braddock Frantz Hotel banquet. Sheriff Mac Candless and other local officials joined a procession from the depot to the event as speeches praised Blaine McKinley and Dalzell’s leadership.

John Dalzell Braddock Scranton State League of Republican Clubs Frantz Hotel Charley Wood W. W. McCleary N. F. Bennett Sheriff MacCandless Luckey George Miller Mr. Dalzell Fred W. Edwards A. M. Carline Grand Army Dalzell Pgoye Jones Commonwealth Harrison McKinley James G. Blaine Blaine Renee McCandless Mr. Wood Captain Whalen

Hoth for Dalzell and two new Republican clubs formed

The Bellevue Republican Club in Bellevue organized with 145 members and elected officers William B. Kirker as President, N R Moore as Vice President, J D Ehiver as Secretary, and A H os as Treasurer. Delegates to the State Convention named William B Kirker H gant John Johnson E Dar A J Clancy and C P Carson. A resolution instructed delegates to vote for John Dalzell for President and E S act for Secretary of the Republican League. The Lawrence Republican Club of the Seventeenth ward organized last night and renamed the Russell A Liver Club, aiming to extend to adjoining wards. Officers elected include Hon. W Culbertson President George Kee calfe Vice President Thomas J Chalfant Secretary James S Jiles Treasurer. Delegates to the Scranton convention named William tes James S Jiles and William C Me Rchent with George Metcalfe J C Smith and W M Culbertson as alternates. The Lawrence Club was organized in 1881 and has supported campaigns in the past.

Bellevue Republican Club Bellevue William B. Kirker N. R. Moore J. D. Ehiver A. H. Os H. Gant John Johnson Alsoweatest E. Dar A. J Clancy C. P. Carson John Dalzell Randolph Thewrence Republican Club Seventeenth Ward Farper & Meanors Piace Russell A. Liver Club Oeeneaenen W. Culbertson George Keecalfe Thomas J. Chalfant James Jiles John Dolzell Republican League Scranton William Tes William CC George Metcalfe J. C. Smith W. M. Cu

Mrs Della Lusk Dies. Oakland Resident Passes Away

Mrs Della BH Lusk one of Oakland's oldest residents died at her son F T Lusk's Boquet Street home at 1:85 o'clock last night. Funeral from the house Sunday at 2 PM.

Della BH. Lusk Oakland F. T. Lusk Boquet Street

Bargain Fashion Fabrics At Deep Discounts

Advertises closing sale on plaid cheviot suitings at 19 cents per yard and French grenadine robes reduced to 1.50 each. Other fabrics include black and white striped sarah silks at 50 cents a yard and French challis at 25 cents a yard. Corner location Fifth Ave and Market St.

Soc Portieres

Exchange old square piano for new upright at Mellor & Hoern

Renowned Mellor and Hoern at 77 Fifth Avenue offers trade-in for old square pianos toward uprights or organs with easy payment plans. They stock Hardman Chase Krakauer Vose Harrington and other major makes, aiming to keep instruments affordable and widely available since 1831.

Hardman Chase Krakauer Vose Harrington Mellor & HoeNr Fifth Avenue United States

Musical Instruments Sold by H Kleber and Bro

Great attractions at 506 Wood Street feature Steinway pianos, Conover pianos, Opera pianos, and church organs including Vocalion models. Lyon, Lehr, Washburn mandolins and guitars are offered with warranties, all presented as high quality instruments exclusive to H Kleber and Bro.

Steinway Conover Opera Ion Vocalion Lyon Oasy Lehr Washburn H. Kleber & Bro Wood Street

Bargain on 100 All Wool Blazers at Rosisnaum & Co

A local seller advertises 100 tan or blue all wool blazers offered for 91 68 compared with a regular 350 value. Hurry to purchase from Rosisnaum and Co before stock runs out.

Rosisnaum & Co

Keystone Plan of Lots Public Sale in Crafton

Public sale announced for next Tuesday in Crafton. Plans prepared by Jas. W. Drape & Co. at 313 Wood Street. D

Remnants of Embroideries and White Goods Column

Read our column this paper detailing remnants of embroideries laces and white goods. Boces and BuHL contribute notes and tips for collectors and readers seeking vintage textile guidance.

Boces & Buhl

Keystone Plan of Lota Crafton Public Sale

Public sale next Tuesday for the Keystone Plan of Lota Crafton with plans from Jas W Drape Co 313 Wood Street.

Autumn Silk Weaves Displayed For Street Or Evening Wear

Display features full range of autumn color silks for street and evening use. New evening brocades suit Louis XIV coats. Velvets priced 75 cents to 2 dollars per yard. Brocade Velvets and Velutina fabrics offered for children's suits and full costumes with varied finishes and trims.

Bedford

Also Mentioned on This Page

Tom Conday Tenwood Thomas Canary Buss’ Grove Gonuricy Cleveland Homestead W. & Cleveland Minstrel Company Homestead Opera House Opera House Cleveland Minstrels Duquesne Theater Pennsylvania Louisville Schmertz Chief Brown Gonriry Fe Zoek Aan Public Safety Police Bureau Allegheny Councils John Kredewels Herman Seidle Mrs. Meldrum City Matters Jons Foster Albert Paperski Beinhover Soho Tony Antone Vormuan South Twenty-eighth Street Joseph Zellinski Vorgan Naki Amalgamated Association Puddiers Sharpeburg Bnishers Mater Son Amalgamated Amealgama Messrs Hilver, Welhe and Martin Hucus & Hacxe Fifth Ave Market St H. Kleber & Bro.'s Paris London Vienna Italy E. P. Roberts & Son Keystone Crafton Jas. W. Drape & Co Lota Tae Disraten Schmartz Quinby JOS. Horne & Col Faille Francaise JOS. Horne & CO
Search Courier

Search the Pittsburgh Dispatch Today with a Free Trial

We want people to find what they are looking for at NewspaperArchive. We are confident that we have the newspapers that will increase the value of your family history or other historical research. With our 7-day free trial, you can view the documents you find for free.

Not Finding What You Were Looking for on This Page of The Pittsburgh Dispatch?

People find the most success using advanced search. Try plugging in keywords, names, dates, and locations, and get matched with results from the entire collection of newspapers at NewspaperArchive!

Looking Courier

Browse Newspapers

You can also successfully find newspapers by these browse options. Explore our archives on your own!

By Location

By Location

Browse by location and discover newspapers from all across the world.

Browse by Location
By Date

By Date

Browse by date and find publications for a specific day or era.

Browse by Date
By Publication

By Publication

Browse old newspaper publications to find specific newspapers.

Browse by Publication