New Oxford Lions plan Wednesday cross Keys meeting
Local news notes a New Oxford Lions Club gathering this Wednesday at Cross Keys Diner to plan a community Christmas party. Reader items include visits and activities of local residents, church events, and wildlife sightings in Adams county.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
New Oxford Lions Club
Cross Keys
Betty Diehl
Lincolnway West
Eric Larson
Gettysburg
C. P. Keefer
Shippensburg
C. A. Bixler
Lincoln Heights
Baltimore
W. A. Bream
Harry Hershey
Reading
Robert Hershey
Ambler
Evelyn Cashman
New Oxford Shoe Company
Fire Chief Tops Public Favorite in Local Performance Poll
A local survey shows heightened approval for the fire chief amid praise for top activity at the Four Square Filling Station. Residents favor strong leadership and swift emergency response.
New Oxford to Have Wet Cage Quintet
New Oxford high school unveils a six returning lettermen basketball squad under coach Jack Miller with only guard Don Sieg lost to graduation. Key players include Ed Carbaugh George Sheffer John Yinging June Stock and Richard Herman plus Jim Herman Jack Smith Dave Dennis Blaine Miller Harold Noel and Henry Hoofnagle. A 12 game schedule opens with a January 10 home game vs Fairfield and includes Delone Glenville Arendtsville Littlestown East Berlin and other early season contests.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
New Oxford High School
Jack Miller
Don Sieg
Ed Carbaugh
George Sheffer
John Yinging
June Stock
Richard Herman
Jim Herman
Jack Smith
Dave Dennis
Blaine Miller
Harold Noel
Henry Hoofnagle
New Oxford
Arendtsville
Fairfield
Delone
Glenville
Littlestown
East Berlin
Farmers Union Elects Officers at County Meeting
A county wide Farmers Union meeting at New Oxford high school auditorium elected officers including President W A Mahone and vice president Wm G Buehl. Talks by Edna Snyder and Mervin Jacobs highlighted youth and junior work. A re organization meeting for Local No 63 is set for Thursday in the school building.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Farmers’ Union
New Oxford High School
Edna Snyder
Seven Valleys
Mervin Jacobs
East Berlin
W. A. Mahone
Wm. G. Buehl
E. L. Wehler
Harvey Walker
Russell Myers
New Chester
James E. McFarland
New Oxford
Paul Shultz
Monroe Nell
Ray Sterner
Uniontown
No. 63
St Marys School Prepares Christmas Entertainment
The Sisters of St Marys School organize a Christmas program for children to be shown Wednesday evening December 18 at 8 o clock in parochial hall. Acts include Children of the Inn by grades seven and eight A Good Scout by grades five and six Is Santa Real by grades three and four The Little Lost Doll by primary children plus Christmas recitations and carols performed by the pupils.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Sisters of St. Mary’s School
Smoke From Leaves Causes Two-Vehicle Collision
Smoke drifting from burning leaves south of New Oxford confused two drivers about eight o clock and caused a sideswipe two miles south of New Oxford. Private H M Cullen of the Gettysburg detail investigated and no injuries were reported. No charges were filed. Harry C Moose of Dillsburg and George M Deardorff of New Oxford were involved in the crash in front of Amos D Shank’s residence.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
New Oxford-Hanover Road
New Oxford
H. M. Cullen
Gettysburg
State Motor Police
Harry C. Moose
Dillsburg
George M. Deardorff
Lincolnway East
Amos D. Shank
Hanover R
Frock Attends International Harvester Truck Meeting
Lester H. Frock of Frocks Garage Hanover attended a large dealer meeting of the International Harvester motor truck organization in Harrisburg. The event announced a new line of International motor trucks featuring the Green Diamond engine, the latest in engines built exclusively for trucks.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Lester H. Frock
Frock
Poplar Street
Hanover
International Harvester Motor Truck Organization
Harrisburg
International Motor Trucks
International Harvester
Squire Straley's Court Happenings
George Walker of New Oxford was arrested November 30 for driving a truck without rear lights and received a 10 day notice. D Kent Witherow of Gettysburg was fined 10 dollars plus costs for operating an auto with improper registration plates on December 8.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
George Walker
New Oxford
D. Kent Witherow
Gettysburg
New Oxford Chamber Plans Public Meeting on Shoe Factory
The New Oxford Chamber of Commerce schedules a community meeting Tuesday at 7:30 in the high school auditorium to discuss reopening the New Oxford Shoe factory. A large turnout is expected with the New Oxford High School band to perform.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
New Oxford Chamber of Commerce
Oxford
New Oxford High School
Texaco Motor Oil Reminder At the 4-Bquare
A brief note notes Texaco Motor Oil is always sold in sealed cans at the 4-Bquare location.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Texaco
New Oxford High Opens Basketball Season With Practice Game
New Oxford High School begins its basketball season with a Friday practice game against Arendtsville High in Arendtsville. The season features returning lettermen in forward and guard spots and upcoming Christmas program and alumni games. An operetta The Governors Daughter is planned for January 15 and 16 with about 175 students involved in rehearsals and leads selected.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
New Oxford High School
Arendtsville High School
Arendtsville
New Oxford
Wakeman
Gene Autry at Earl Theatre Showcases Melody Ranch
Gene Autry stars in Melody Ranch at the Earl Theatre with Ann Miller and Jimmy Durante. The film features Autry’s The Same Dream Twice written with Fred Rose and songs by Jule Styne and Eddie Cherkose. The $500000 production plays Friday and Saturday at Earl Theatre.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Ann Miller
Jimmy Durante
Earl Theatre
Knights of St. George Elect 1941 Officers
The Knights of St. George Branch 191 elected Leo Poist as president Nathaniel Miller as vice president A P Wagner as secretary and treasurer and Henry Carbaugh as marshal for 1941 A committee named N C Miller James Small and Leo Poist will arrange the installation in early January A banquet with Ladies night will follow and district organizer Kramer of Harrisburg will deliver the address.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Knights of St. George
Leo Pojst
Nathaniel Miller
A. P. Wagner
Henry Carbaugh
N. C. Miller
James Small
Leo Poist
Kramer
Harrisburg
New Chester Students With Perfect Attendance
November perfect attendance at New Chester school honors pupils including Harman Milhimes Ruth Bly Lucille Weaver Grayson Deatrick Jane Hippenstill Alma Milhimes Viola Miller Melvin Crushong Ted Groupe Glenn Cooley Charles Deatrick Ethel Bly Jimmy Benton Dick Milchimes George Weaver Irene Heller Hazel Heller Marion Starry Margaret Wolf Fred Groupe Charles Stitt Margie Deatrick and Jean Stitt. Ruth E Bricker teaches the class.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
New Chester School
Harman Milhimes
Ruth Bly
Lucille Weaver
Grayson Deatrick
Jane Hippenstill
Alma Milhimes
Viola Miller
Melvin Crushong
Ted Groupe
Glenn Cooley
Charles Deatrick
Ethel Bly
Jimmy Benton
Dick Milchimes
George Weaver
Irene Heller
Hazel Heller
Marion Starry
Margaret Wolf
Fred Groupe
Charles Stitt
Margie Deatrick
Jean Stitt
Ruth E. Bricker
Squire Orndorff's Court Happenings
Leroy Corbin of Eagle avenue Han over was apprehended by a state patrolman December 8 for operating an auto at 62 miles per hour. He was given a 10 day notice. Mervin Hippensteel and Donald Howe of New Oxford R D 3 were apprehended November 30 charged with larceny of ducks from John 2 Millar of New Oxford R D A hearing will be held later date.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Leroy Corbin
Eagle Avenue
Hanover
Mervin Hippensteel
Donald Howe
New Oxford
R. D
John 2. Millar
Estate of Harvey F Boose Filed for Administration
The estate of the late Harvey F Boose of Mt. Pleasant township was filed Tuesday afternoon at the court house by Estella K Boose widow of the deceased and administratrix of the estate.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Harvey F. Boose
Mt. Pleasant Township
Court House
Estella K. Boose
Deaths Alexander Kinneman 88 Hanover area
Alexander Kinneman 88 formerly of New Oxford died at his Hanover home Monday at 2 30 am after a brief illness. He was born March 1852 to Adam and Catharine Kinneman and belonged to Grace Reformed Church. Surviving include his wife Amanda Bollinger daughter Minnie Kinneman Baltimore step son H P Cashman Hanover five grandchildren and one brother Emanuel Kinneman New Oxford. Funeral held at his residence with Rev John A Klinginna officiating. Burial in New Oxford cemetery.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Hanover
Mr. Kinneman
Adam and
Catherine Steffen Kinneman
Grace Reformed Church
Washington Camp
Patriotic Order Sons of America
New Oxford
Hanover Cabinet Company
Amanda Bollinger
Minnie Kinneman
Baltimore
H. P. Cashman
Emanuel Kinneman
John A. Kleinginna
Jury verdict upholds New York mutual life claim in Adams County
In Adams County Court, The Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York won a jury verdict against Mrs. Margaret Borden Gettysburg Route 4 for total disability benefits dating from 1934. Borden received $40 monthly until October 1939 when payments stopped over refusal of medical treatment. The trial focused on whether surgery, including thyroidectomy, was a prudent step given risks. The verdict concluded the November term of court.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
The
Mutual Life Insurance Company of
New York
Adams County
Margaret Borden
Gettysburg R. 4
Mrs. Lilly May Wolf Rites Held in New Chester Cemetery
Mrs Lilly May Wolf aged 71 died at her East Berlin home on December 8 after a illness. She was the wife of Adam Wolf and mother to nine children including John W and Guy R Wolf and Mrs Earl Sponseller. Surviving siblings, grandchildren and great grandchildren are listed. Funeral services were held at the L C Pittentorf and sow funeral home York Springs conducted by Rev Kenneth James of Littlestown. Interment was in New Chester cemetery.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Lilly May Wolf
Adam Wolf
East Berlin
R. 1
Cyrus and
Barbara (Peterman) Miller
St. John's Lutheran Church
Hampton
John W. Wolf
Guy R. Wolf
Earl Sponseller
Pierson M Wolf
E. Wolf
Dillsburg
Charles E. Wolf
New Oxford
L. A. Krout
Littlestown
Charles Miller
York Haven
Isaac Wolf
Jacob Yohe
L. C. Pittentorf and Sow
York Springs
Kenneth James
New Chester Cemetery
New Oxford C O C Holds Annual Banquet
The New Oxford Chamber of Commerce held a turkey banquet at the Cross Keys hotel. President Frank Higinbotham presided over a business meeting electing H A Jones as president P B Dallmeyer as vice president W C Alwine Jr as secretary William Benchoff as assistant secretary and Mrs Georgie Fink as treasurer. Travelogue movies replaced a speaker and were provided by E J J Gobrecht of Hanover. Holiday lights on the square were turned on Friday by the chamber, adding festive decor.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
New Oxford Chamber of Commerce
Cross Keys
Frank Higinbotham
H. A. Jones
P B. Dallmeyer
W. C Alwine, Jr
William Benchoff
Georgie Fink
E. J. J. Gobrecht
Hanover
Chamber of Commerce
Alderman Denies Paid for Bond in York Case
Alderman W. W Mauss of York denied receiving money for securing the bail of Charles Keeney a WPA worker charged with surety of the peace. He said Keeney’s boss wanted him on the job and a bondsman was contacted. Five dollars was paid to Russell Ziegler who posted a $200 cash bond for Keeney. After the hearing York prosecutor Charles Breston presented the case, and Keeney was discharged.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
W. W Mauss
York
Adams County
Charles Keeney
WPA
Mauss
Keeney
Russell Gross Ziegler
Charles Breston
Mrs Ellen Nace Rites Held For Hanover Resident
Mrs Ellen Nace died at her home Friday at 12 55 pm after years of illness. She was 70 and survived by husband Elmer L Nace four children and seven grandchildren plus two great grandchildren and one sister. Funeral Monday at Trinity Reformed Church with Rev Howard E Sheely officiating. Burial in New Oxford Cemetery. Her parents Mr and Mrs Abraham Lough Teri ger once lived on the farm now owned by Ralph Kopman near New Chester road.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Kate W. Himes
Center Square
David Earl
H. Clayton Costello
St. Mary’s Church
Joseph M. Miller
Costello
Rosella Rabine
Robert D. Hartnett
Fern Null
Cross Keys
Jerome Edward
John Carbaugh
Carlisle Street
Edward Carbaugh
Mary C. Overbaugh
Taft Benton
New Chester
George L. Leech
Harrisburg
Joseph Schmitt
Carlisle
Propagation of the Faith
Robert Hartnett
St. Mary's Church
Katherine Auker
Lincolnway West
Naomi Hulick
Elizabethtown
Mary Bream
Charles Diehl
William Herman
Amy Diller
Jenny Roth
Raymond Wisler
Lorna Fay
Petersburg
Wisler
Edna Beale
Charles Crushong
McKean County
George Stock
Hershey
Stock
Mamie Weaver
Hanover Street
Allan Rank
Wyomissing
Wilton R. Miller
Lincolnway East
Alban Smith
Lititz
I. J. Tender
Brooklyn
N. Y
Joseph I. Miller
Emory Lookenbill
Fort Dupont
Delaware
Harry Lookenbill
Adams County
Sergt
David M. Taughinbaugh
Highland Park
Mich
P. C. Fleshman
Town
Harry Noel
Mae McDonnell
Elmer Slade
Washington, D. C
Francis Shenberger
Joseph Stavely
York
Joseph Pohlman
Christine
Salome
John Irvin
Gettysburg
Women’s Missionary Society of
St. Paul’s Reformed Church
R. E. Sheads
Emma J. Hall
Oxford Township
Winfield G. Horner
Court House
L. J. Hull
Hanover R
Hunterstown
Huber Englebert
Nevin Englebert
Vernie Criswell
Leren Sanders
Richard Beaver
Donald Brown
Chuck” Myers
Brushtown
Lock Haven
George W. Hensel
Hanover Green Grocer
Myers
Social and Athletic Club
Persident
Fred Klunk
Paul Staub
Fred Weaver
St. Paul's Reformed Church
Karl S. Hoffmeister
Clifton Harman
Buffalo
Jennie Sheets
Harman
Philadelphia
N.C.C.W. Study Club
Earl Weaver
St. Mary‘s Church
James Noel
West High Street
Neely Taughinbaugh
Ida Sheely
Marsby J. Roth
Trinity Reformed
Parker
W. R. Russell
Bernard Robinson
Sanford
Russell
Raphael Smith
Beverly
Harriet
Victoria Lingg
Maryland General Hospital
Sons of Veterans
Gerald Orndorff
Lincoln Bay East
Louis Shultz
Sue Ann
Virginia Stahl
Richard Markle
Hanover
Ellen Nace
Elmer L. Nace
Nace
Abraham and
Lovina Lough Teriger
Maurice Heiser
George Nace
Paul Martin
R. D
Earl Nace
New Chester Road
New Oxford Cemetery
Neon signs adorn Columbia Jewelry in Hanover storefront
A neon sign installation 18 feet long and 21 inches high has been erected in front of Columbia Jewelry store in Hanover. The Triangle Sign Company of Baltimore supplied a single and double letter sign with red letters and green double dashes on both ends. Three additional small neon signs in green are placed in front of the store—one in each display window and one above the door.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Columbia Jewelry
Hanover
Triangle Sign Company
Baltimore
Christmas Pageant Planned By York Springs Church
The Rev. H. E. Millard reports church notices for York Springs New Oxford and Hunterstown with Sunday schedules. York Springs holds school at 9 30 a m Epworth League 6 30 p m and evening worship 7 30 p m a Christmas pageant is set for Thursday December 19 at 7 30 p m All invited. New Oxford has school at 9 a m and worship at 10 a m with a pageant Sunday December 22 at 7 p m Young people urged to meet at the church Friday December 20 at 7 30 for practice. Hunterstown school at 2 p m worship at 3 p m.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
H. E. Millard
York Springs
Epworth League
Oxford—Church
Hunterstown—Church
Abbottstown Lutheran Church Christmas Events Schedule
The Rev. John R. Strevig announces church activities. The Sanctuary Hour is Wednesday at 7 30 p m Catechize Saturday at 1 p m Sunday school 9 00 a m Luther League 6 00 p m Candle Light Service 7 00 p m Children’s Christmas exercises Sunday evening December 22nd.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Abbottstown
New Chester Lutheran Charge Sunday Services Schedule
The New Chester Lutheran Charge lists St. Pauls The Pines worship at 9:00 a m with 10:00 a m Sunday school. St Mark s Heidlersburg Sunday school at 9 30 a m and worship at 10 30 a m. St John s Hampton Sunday school at 7:00 p m and worship at 8:00 p m. A guest minister will lead worship in the churches.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
New Chester
St. Paul's, “the Pines
St. Mark’s
Heidlersburg
St. John’s
Hampton
Masses in Conewago chapel to be celebrated by Rev. O'Donnell
Masses in Conewago chapel on Sunday will be celebrated by the pastor Reverend John F. O Donnell at 7 a m and 10 a m The Blessed Virgin s Sodality and Benediction follow at 7 a m
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Conewago Chapel
John F. O'Donnell
St. Mary’s Church New Oxford First Mass and Mass Times
The Rev. Robert Hartnett pastor. First Mass at 7 30 a m High Mass at 10 a m Evening devotions and Benediction at 7 30. A class of boys and girls will join the Blessed Virgin Sodality at 7 30 Sunday. Miraculous Medal devotions every Wednesday at 7 30.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
St. Mary’s Church
New Oxford
Robert Hartnett
Blessed Virgin Sodality
St Marys Paradise First Mass at Proctory Sunday
The Rev William J Burke Pastor holds the first mass at the protectory at 7 am and a second mass in the parish church at 8 30 am Evening devotions follow at 7 15 pm indicating a new parish schedule consistent with Catholic practice.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
St. Mary’s, Paradise
William J. Burke
J Monroe Danner Pastor Ill Focused Schedule
East Berlin hosts Sunday school at 9 30 a m and church service at 10 30 a m Pastor J Monroe Danner presides Trostles church holds service at 2 pm locally referenced in the area timetable
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
J. Monroe Danner
East Berlin
Evangelical and Reformed Charge Sunday Services
St. Pauls New Oxford led by superintendent Charles E. Alwine holds Sunday school at 9 a.m. and worship at 7 p.m with a guest minister in charge. Emmanuel Abbottstown offers worship at 10 a.m with a guest minister leading the service.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
St. Paul's
New Oxford
Charles E. Alwine
Emmanuel
Abbottstown
Permit Issued for Eyster's Warehouse Construction
The city engineer's office in York issued a permit to Howard Eyster of York to erect a one story warehouse at Princess Street and Pershing Avenue on the Moravian playground site. The York News agency will be housed in the building with a cost of $7,000. Eyster is Kathryn Winand's brother-in-law of New Oxford.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
York
Howard E. Eyster
Princess Street
Pershing Avenue
Eyster
Kathryn Winand
New Oxford
Lane Cedar Chests Offered at 16.95
Leinhardt Bros promote Lane cedar chests priced at 16.95 with sales points at 33 Balto St Hanover Pennsylvania and 281 W. Market St York Pennsylvania.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Lane Cedar Chests
Leinhardt Bros
Balto St
Hanover
W. Market St
York
Petition to sell real estate in West York at private sale
York Trust Company as administrator of James L. Menough filed in Orphans court for an order to sell No 1109 West Poplar Street West York to Helen M McKinley of New Oxford for 2000 dollars. Hearing is fixed for December 30.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
York Trust Company
James L. Menough
Orphans’ Court
West York
West Poplar Street
Helen M McKinley
New Oxford
Church notices outline services and events for December
The Rev George E Sheffer A M D B Pastor presents Sunday church school at 9 am with Prof C P Keefer supervising. Worship at 10 am and 7 pm with themes The Expected Messiah and The Christian Use of the Sabbath. Luther League at 615 pm invites youth. Christmas practice for children Wednesdays and Fridays at 4 pm. Donations for Loysville orphans accepted this and next Sunday. Children's program December 22 at 7 pm. choir plans Christmas Around the World on Christmas Eve. Monthly meeting held at Mrs William McClain’s home with lesson by her. Continued on Page 4
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
George E. Sheffer
C. P. Keefer
Luther League
Loysville
Women’s Missionary Society
William McClain
McClain
Two men chosen to fill Board No 1 quota in New Oxford
At a Monday meeting in New Oxford Draft Board No 1 selected John David Hawk and Joseph Eugene Smith to fill the district two-person quota. They report next Monday and will be sent to Harrisburg for induction. The board also classified 48 registrants and mailed 425 questionnaires as it nears the first year end.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Harrisburg
John David Hawk
South Queen Street
Littlestown
Joseph Eugene Smith
Hanover R
Draft Board
Center Square
New Oxford
Laura Freed
Thea
Draft Board No. 2
First National Bank
Meyers and Bowling Wed in Westminster Catholic Rite
Irene Bowling of Gettysburg and Wilfred Meyers of New Oxford exchanged vows December 7 at St. John's Catholic Church Westminster. Rev Fr Mc Court officiated. Attendants were Glenn and Mrs Weishaar. The couple left for a wedding trip following the ceremony.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Glenn Weishaar
Luncheon for Aero Oil Dealers at Cross Keys Hotel
About fifty Aero Oil Company dealers from New Oxford attended a Tuesday evening luncheon in the Saf fron room at the Cross Keys hotel. The event featured a tire auction using stage money and prize awards. Honored guests included Harry C. McCreary, president of McCreary Tire Company, and Ralph McCreary of the same company.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Aero Oil Company
New Oxford
Cross Keys
Harry C. McCreary
McCreary Tire Company
Ralph McCreary
County Treasurer Receives 1941 Dog Licenses for Sale
Five thousand 1941 dog licenses were received late Tuesday afternoon by County Treasurer Ray J. Kitzmiller at the courthouse and placed on sale Wednesday morning. Sales during 1940 numbered 3,918 about equalling the 1939 business.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Ray J. Kitzmiller
Pre-Christmas Party and Public Livestock Sale Notice
A pre Christmas party is planned Friday evening at Firemen's Hall Irishtown for Irishtown Fire Company benefits. F M Anderson will hold a public sale of livestock at Bermudian Valley Stock Farm Latimore Township three miles east of York Springs on Thursday December 1.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Firemen's Hall
Irishtown
Irishtown Pire Company
F. M. Anderson
Bermudian Valley
Latimore Township
York Springs
H. Se
Also Mentioned on This Page
Cage Quintet
St. Mary’s School
Squire Straley
Charles Weaver
U. S. Naval Hospital
Vesta Cooke
Henschke
N.O. Public School
Gene Autry
Squire Orndorff
Karl
Alexander Kinneman
Glenn Noel
Beatrice E. Noel
High Street
Noel
Ammon Henry
Eliza Heilman Rogers
Betty
Rosalie
Carrol Kenneth Noel
Ammon Rogers
Paul Hoke
Ellen Auchey
Charles Baker
Earl Rogers
Leroy Rogers
Clarence Rogers
John R. Strevig
First Lutheran Church
Ammon Earl
Leroy
Clarence
N.Y. Insurance Company
Mrs
NEW Oxford C. O. C
Columbia Jewelry CO
Methodist
Church of the Brethren
Trostle's
First Evangelical Lutheran Church
Draft Board No. 1