Coffee health effects and moderation guidance
Coffee is widely consumed with potential health benefits when kept in moderation. Research from Harvard and meta-analyses link moderate intake to lower mortality and reduced risks of stroke diabetes and liver disease. Most healthy adults can safely consume up to 400 mg daily, about four cups, while pregnant women should limit to roughly one 12 ounce cup daily. Caffeine sensitivity and high intake over 500 mg daily may cause adverse effects, and very hot beverages carry carcinogenic risk only for certain hot drinks, not typically coffee.