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Newspaper
Monticello Express
Location
Monticello, Iowa, United States of America
Date
Feb 28, 1918
Page
9
Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture the article explains breeding goals for purebred and graded flocks. It emphasizes breed type score cards, market demands for wool and mutton, and the need for prepotent rams with clear sex character while maintaining good condition.
Forage from leguminous pastures provides a cheap protein source and ash for bone making. It adds bulk to the ration acts as a mild laxative and tonic to keep the hogs in condition to utilize concentrated feeds profitably.
Millet comes in several varieties and can be confusing for planters. Japanese millet is widely sown and is among the best for both forage and hay, growing six to seven feet tall in fertile soil and producing heavily.
Buttermilk equals skim milk for hogs while whey is less valuable. Whey’s low protein makes it unsuitable for young pigs and better fed to older animals.
The article notes that farms where livestock cannot be profitably maintained are rare and scattered, implying limited viability for such farming operations.
The foal should be taught to lead and stand tied during the first winter. Proper handling builds calm behavior, safety, and responsiveness as maturation proceeds. Familiar routines and consistent cues help establish trust and early footing for future training progress.
Farmers are urged to aid war needs by saving pig litters born this spring through proper brood sow housing and feeding. Reports show high mortality among young pigs, with one study finding up to 83 percent losses in brood sows across fifty herds.
A 1918 guidance urges faithful, around the clock care of sows at farrowing time to lift piglet survival. Heat for newborns in cold weather, drying and swift transfer to warm baskets are advised, with details in Farmers' Bulletin 874 Swine Management by the USDA.
Department of Agriculture officials say the problem is preventable and call for immediate steps. They push two lines of remedy including proper brood animal housing at farrowing and improved management and feeding of sows to avert heavy losses in the coming pig crop.
The article urges providing hogs with proper shelter to keep them warm and exposed to sunshine and fresh air. It notes pigs lack natural insulation compared with horses cows and hens and highlights the need for dry warm drafts-free quarters. It cites Farmers Bulletin 488 Hog Houses from the U S Department of Agriculture and invites readers to request it.
The article compares hog housing quality and piglet survival, noting higher litter sizes with good houses. It recommends colony or individual hog houses, especially for many sows, and stresses warmth, dryness, light, ventilation, sanitation, and affordable designs. It urges consulting agricultural field representatives for plans and feeding guidance.
Farmers urged to retain breeding stock and produce two litters per sow annually as a patriotic duty and likely profitable practice.
The article argues consumers ignore cleanliness for cheaper milk, notes clean milk should be valued even at higher prices as insurance against illness. It cites USDA specialists saying demand for good milk is rising and regulations are tightening. Producers must bear added sanitary costs, and buyers should share in them.
Fruits do not act on air like leaves. They lose carbon during growth which is essential for ripening. If carbon release is blocked ripening stops and fruit may dry. Enclosed fruits ripen as husk membranes allow gas exchange. Deprived of oxygen outside the shell they fail to ripen though appearance remains.
United States Department of Agriculture states apples in storage require ventilation to prevent scald. Factors include carbon dioxide buildup, stagnant air, and moisture. renewing the air periodically prevents the condition. High humidity can be used without causing scald, and unscalded fruit stays firmer and tastier.
A large fruit crop signals heavy limb load on young orchards causing breakage. Propping up limbs is common at picking time. Heavy trees can be reinforced with lag screws and a chain or rods with a turnbuckle. A swivel in the chain allows tightening to hold the limb. The device can remain as permanent aid.
It is not enough to destroy all of the insect laden and fungous disease infested fruit that drops before or during fruit harvest by feeding some to hogs sheep or other stock. There are dried up diseased fruits that cling to the branches for weeks after harvest which carry the spores of disease over until spring and then scatter them broad cast by wind insects and birds. There is just as much in preventing trouble as curing it.
Dormant spraying is the standard method for preventing peach leaf curl. Boiled lime sulfur is the commonly used spray, and it also controls the San Jose scale with near perfect effectiveness.
Remove all old dried fruits clinging to trees to stop spore spread. Decayed fruit harbors spores that could infect trees and fruit again next spring if not destroyed. Prompt action targets infected material to protect the orchard.
Dead tree limbs from the orchard should be disposed of in the brush heap or woodshed to keep the area tidy and prevent disease spread among standing trees.
A short notice urges proper waste disposal in a fruit orchard, insisting rubbish has no place among trees and workers. The message emphasizes cleanliness and safety, highlighting responsible behavior for visitors and staff.
The government plans to put road building on a war basis with priority for military and commodity movement. Federal aid schedules for 1918 outline road descriptions, costs, materials, and war impact. Expenditure runs around 300 million annually. 40 states report 183 projects totaling 1780 miles seeking federal, state, and local funds. State funding is rising from 41 to about 60 million in 1917, showing growing participation.
States hasten federal aid road act implementation with laws and highway department changes. Many states meet net requirements, strengthen departments, and pass maintenance plans. Most have submitted five year programs, aiming for orderly, cost effective road work.
Secretary Houston outlines a policy to preserve existing highways and fast track only war vital roads and movements of goods. He notes preparation of a 1918 federal aid project schedule aligned with military and economic needs for state highway departments.
Department of Agriculture specialists urge farmers to order farm implements and repair parts at the earliest moment to avoid delays. Rising prices and expected smaller dealer stocks threaten timely equipment for farm operations this season.
The director general of railroads announced after a conference with the US Department of Agriculture that farm products will not be denied transportation facilities. No order banning non essential farm products has been issued or contemplated. He believes the plan will provide adequate transport this year and urged farmers to place car orders with local freight agents as before.
A note warns that machine parts from the factory are costly and should be avoided where possible to cut expenses and keep operations efficient.
A guidance note urges careful grading of produce before sale to ensure higher prices. Implementing strict selection and quality checks is emphasized to maximize returns.
The article lists mustard cress radish lettuce onions and spinach as crops suitable for a hotbed. It emphasizes a variety of greens and vegetables that can be cultivated in that heated bed environment.
The article stresses that a sunny, well ventilated poultry house with protection from cold winds is essential. It notes many builders neglect hen comfort and rent considerations. It advises placing the house on a southern slope with northern tree shelter for sunlight and warmth.
Prepared by the United Aiatea Do poronent at Agricultura the piece urges households to raise backyard flocks to convert kitchen scraps into food. It argues a ten-hen yard can yield about 100 dozen eggs yearly valued at 25 dollars and emphasizes low feed costs from waste materials.
The piece urges farmers and urban raisers to promote early hatching to boost next year’s fowl and egg output. It argues larger, hardier birds survive more and lay eggs in winter, increasing profits and contributing to national food needs during wartime.
When pullets begin to lay, American breeds such as Plymouth Rocks Wyandottes Rhode Island Reds start around seven months old while Leghorns Minorcas begin at about six months.
A short note urges encouragement for a hen named Business Hen to develop her enterprise at the old stand. The item emphasizes ongoing activity and support for growth in a local enterprise.
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