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Newspaper
Monticello Express
Location
Monticello, Iowa, United States of America
Date
Feb 07, 1918
Page
8
Connecticut State Entomologist notes lady beetles or lady bugs are major predators of plant lice scales and other pests. Dr Forbes found 39 specimens' stomachs show about a quarter of diet is plant lice with some pollen and fungal spores, while most food is insects.
The ideal method is to avoid cultivated crops between young orchard trees, allowing full cultivation both ways. Some crops like potatoes strawberries and cabbage can be grown carefully without harming trees, paying for themselves. Limit to three rows between peach rows and reduce to two or three rows of peas once fruiting begins, while avoiding corn or grain that drain soil and moisture.
Agricultural guidance explains that fruit trees respond to cultivation like vegetables and grains. Experiments show fruits breathe and cold storage slows ripening by reducing respiration. With careful pruning spraying and ground cultivation especially in the first year an orchard will yield well in both quantity and quality.
Don t spray unless needed and spray in advance of pests. Soil fertility matters and plants must eat to live. Don t neglect cultivation pruning or spraying as trees and plants grow easily but need care for best results.
Readiness of pruning tools emphasized with instruction to sharpen and test pruning shears. Notices upcoming orchard work and the need for tools to be in good cutting condition.
The text urges removing borers by hand as the preferred control method since spraying is ineffective. It recommends toil-based pruning or extraction over chemical sprays for best results in pest management.
Spraying must be performed each season to achieve optimal outcomes. The benefits accumulate over time, improving overall health and yield as seasons progress.
Farmers and landowners urged to substitute wood for coal to ease coal shortages and railcar congestion. The piece cites U S Department of Agriculture estimates showing potential savings of millions of tons of coal if rural woodlands and suburban tracts supply fuel. It explains cordwood measures, heating value comparisons, and seasoning tips for efficient wood burning.
A Washington man opened his suburban woodlot to the public to cut fuel during a coal shortage. He later found about 5,000 cords of fallen or dead standing timber nearby and secured owner consent for supervised public cutting to help families in need.
The advertisement explains wood grates sold in two pieces that fit through the fire door and sit atop the standard grate. It states that one standard cord of well-seasoned hardwoods equals about one ton of anthracite coal in heating value.
Active sows in light condition require liberal bedding. Sows in high condition or those prone to clumsiness should receive only moderate amounts of cut straw.
A guide estimates cord wood output from white oak and white pine by trunk diameter and height. Oak at 10 in diameter and 50 ft yields one sixth to one seventh cord. 15 in by 60 ft yields about two fifths. 24 in by 70 ft yields about 1.2 cords. Pine at 15 in by 60 ft yields one third cord. 24 in by 70 ft yields seven eighths cord.
The article notes that air drying six to eight months can reduce moisture by half in three months. It says high demand for cord wood creates a rare opportunity for farmers to improve woodlands by removing poorer trees and selling them. Private and public owners of wooded lands may profit by clearing land to meet fuel needs, aiding national war efforts.
The statement asserts that reducing sugar consumption poses no risk and can be done safely. It emphasizes that even those who habitually use sugar heavily will benefit from cutting back, promoting a moderate approach to daily sugar use.
A USDA representative studied Atlan tic Virgin Islands farming finding sugar cane and Sea Island cotton dominate with low yields. Vegetables fruits and dairy stock are scarce and improved forage crops stock handling and dairying are urged. The report notes 445 home economics workers across 28 states last year.
Soil for most garden vegetables should not be too rich, especially for succulents like cabbage spinach sweet corn cauliflower and celery. This guidance notes that overly rich soil can hinder growth and quality of these crops.
A historical commentary argues that American fondness for sugar has risen beyond extravagance to outright waste, reflecting concerns about consumption and resource use.
The natural life of a sheep spans about ten years during which they thrive and breed well according to the piece.
The article notes catarrhal colds are common in poultry each season and pave the way for diphtheria. Affected birds sneeze and runny noses appear. untreated cases worsen to pneumonia and skin infection. Proper feeding and especially good ventilation in dry coops prevent outbreaks. Overcrowding and poor ventilation are key risk factors.
The Runner ducks are easy to raise, persistent layers, and more profitable than Peking ducks due to heavy egg production. Mature females exceed four pounds and males over four and a half. at ten weeks market weights reach about three and a half pounds. Strong demand exists in large markets for fat Indian Runners.
United States Department of Agriculture specialists urge wider cottage cheese use to save meat. They cite higher protein than a medium-fat beef portion, lower energy value, and easy kitchen preparation with skim milk, warning that better guidance could raise quality and yield.
Practical guidance on feeding hens and chicks with oats and dry mash. Recommends soaked oats for hens, clipped oats if needed, scalded oats for chicks, and a balanced dry mash using wheat bran flour cornmeal ground oats and beef scrap. Milk by products can replace beef scrap. milk feeding increases grain intake but improves efficiency per pound of grain.
Using hoppers to feed dry mash protects the supply from dust and dirt. Some hoppers are built to keep out rats and wild birds when closed.
Farmers urged to market poor laying hens and very old birds before winter. Selling these birds saves feed and frees space, increasing the remaining flock's chance to lay eggs when confined indoors during bad weather.
Do not kill and send to market the high quality breeding and exhibition males and females. Keep them to supply the demand for breeding stock that is bound to come this winter and next spring.
A health note argues cottage cheese can substitute meat for protein and energy. It claims per pound yields compare well to sirloin, round, chuck rib beef, fowl, ham, pork, lamb, and veal servings, offering a cheaper protein source with similar energy content.
The text discusses balancing quick production with better quality by adopting more elaborate methods when small batches are made or when uniform quality is required. It notes the need to adjust processes used for small outputs versus larger production runs.
Keep pullets apart from old hens as they require different feeding for best results. Exclude surplus cockerels from the pullets to ensure optimal growth and health.
If piglets have learned to eat and skim milk is available they may be weaned at six weeks old but this is not advised if they appear thriving with the sow.
Housewives urged to buy three pound broilers and friers and avoid squab chickens weighing a pound or less. U S department of floriculture recommends this as a conservation measure to reduce waste in Rotels restaurants and homes.
Instructions describe curdling milk at about 70 degrees Fahrenheit, thickening into curd, draining in cheesecloth, heating the curd to 100 degrees for half an hour, then draining and mashing to a smooth mashed potato texture. Salt to taste, fold in sour or sweet cream, and store in a cold place or eat fresh. The process emphasizes frequent making for consumption and long shelf life when refrigerated.
The text extols milk as an economical food that is easily digested and requires no cooking. It highlights numerous culinary uses from puddings and blumemange to junket and soups, claiming milk is both appetizing and nourishing.
Dried peas and beans, dried and canned fish and meat, and certain cheeses store well and can substitute for pricier fresh meat in an emergency.
A farm note argues gentle cows reflect their keeper’s disposition and warns rough handling harms stock. It recommends ground oats, bran and flaxseed meal with mixed hay and fodder to build bone and muscle, plus ample exercise and proper feeding for calves and hefers.
Farmers should adopt an identification scheme for their dairy cattle to preserve lineage. Names help recall, but once calves are dehorned or separated, memory fades over years. For purebreds, tracking ancestry is essential, and registration rules require marking on a designated card.
A dairy study from Mariners’ Union Ontario compares grade cattle herds. Seven of fourteen herds with 82 cows used grade sires, while the other seven with 84 cows used purebred sires. One year’s creamery prices show a $31.51 per cow advantage for herds using purebred sires.
The article stresses daily turnout to a sheltered yard for calf exercise during favorable winter weather. It emphasizes providing ample clean water from birth, frequent pen disinfection, and using quick-lime on cleaned floors along with coal tar chip spray to maintain health and growth.
The article explains that dairy cows’ milking duration hinges on the first lactation period and habit, suggesting heifers be milked near two months before the next lactation. It notes cows need more salt in winter than in summer when on pasture.
Stalls used for calving should be cleaned and disinfected after each calf is born to prevent disease.
The most common ailment in young calves is indigestion or scours. The brief notes that diarrhea remains the prevalent health issue in calves and affects growth and survival in early life.
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