Board Costs for Farm Laborers Vary Across Regions
The investigation compares board and wage costs for farm laborers from 1899 to 1902. Eastern states show larger gaps between boarded and non boarded wages, with increases up to $4 monthly in the West. Board costs range from $3.59 in South Carolina to $13.86 in Nevada, with most Western states reporting $10.90 to $13.86 and six Eastern states above $10 monthly. Pennsylvania and several other states list notable board costs.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Mississippi River
Mains
Connecticut
Mississippi
Pennsylvania
Delaware
Montana
Oregon
New Mexico
New England
Maryland
Minnesota
South Carolina
Nevada
South
Dakotas
Rocky Mountains
Yeaz
New Hampshire
New Jersey
Rhode Island
Massachusetts
Denmark's eggs prized for size and yield in Danish market
United States Consul at Copenhagen notes Danish authorities push high egg yields using hens with strong strains, rejecting brooded stock. The goal is eggs weighing 24% ounces each, about 7.27 per pound, to maximize profits. Denmark exports 36 to 40 million dozen eggs yearly to the English market at premium prices, higher than other nations.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
United States
Copenhagen
Denmark
Agricultural Department
Apples for skim milk pork plan in Pennsylvania
A. A. Osgood of Pennsylvania outlines a method to feed pigs using skim milk from a dairy mixed with wheat middlings and fallen apples from an orchard. He plans to produce about three hundred pounds of pork per sow by February, rationing grain to half corn as cold weather approaches.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Pennsylvania
A. A. Osgood
Profit and scarcity of gin seng as crop notes
The writer warns farmers about inflated claims of gin seng profits. While scarce and high priced today, global demand could be met with a few acres. if grown widely by a few growers, prices would fall.
Pasture Harrowing Boosts Grass Growth After Rain
An old pasture benefits from harrowing with a sharp toothed harrow until the soil is torn and ragged. When warm rains arrive, the treated pasture yields a remarkable display of grass as tearing weeds and loosening soil prompts new feeder roots and vigorous growth.
Better sow more hay on the farm in rotation
James Hall urges farmers in Massachusetts to adopt crop rotations. He notes that fields kept in grass for three years can yield heavy hay of two tons per acre with rich clover, but will require plowing to corn next season to improve soil. He also advises turning worn grasslands to cultivated crops with thorough tillage and manuring to restore hay yields.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
James Hall
Massachusetts
Experiments On Cover Crops And Trees At Michigan
Prof Hedrick reports pot trials with peach trees grown alongside rye potatoes and other nitrogen fixing or non fixing crops. Trees with non fixing crops ripened wood and stunted, while with clover peas and beans the trees thrived and roots tangled with the legumes. Findings suggest nitrates formed benefitted trees and that combined nitrogen is in soil, not solely in legume roots.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Hedrick
Michigan College
Sheep in Orchard Improve Fertility Through Grazing
The article argues that using sheep in orchards as a spring grazing aid enriches the soil. Feeding with grass from the orchard plus supplements like wheat bran oats and oil cake can boost fertility. The resulting droppings further fertilize, especially with sustained use over the season, assuming a relation between sheep numbers and orchard area.
Notes on feeding value of bran and roughage
The article argues that the value of bran is relative and varies with conditions and price. It notes that with poor roughage like timothy hay and corn stover protein must be purchased, while clover or alfalfa reduces protein needs and shifts value toward barley and corn over bran and cottonseed meal.
How to Handle Manure Losses Over Time
Fresh manure in a heap decomposes rapidly as carbon combines with air to form carbon dioxide. Heat dries the pile, driving out water and nitrogen. leaching wastes fertilizing properties. A ton exposed six months loses about half its weight and 2.7 pounds of nitrogen. One year reduces nitrogen by a third. two years or more wastes two thirds or more of value.
Proper Summer Fallowing for Better Yields
Land does not need rest. Farmers vary in summer fallowing sometimes leaving land idle. Proper practice requires thorough plowing, ideally in autumn to allow ample time for cleaning the field and preventing weed seed maturation. Avoid plowing once and letting weeds regrow.
Turn Hogs on Pasture in Feed Comparison
A discussion notes pasture based feeds such as clover alfalfa rape cow peas and soybeans lowering pork costs in the middle states. Experiments show pasture feeding improving weight gain compared with grain alone across Utah Canada Wisconsin Kansas stations with various rape and alfalfa yields and value per acre.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Middle States
Utah Station
Canada Experiment Station
Wisconsin Station
Kansas Station
Wisconsin dairyman promotes oat meal and corn meal cow feed
A Wisconsin dairyman contends that corn meal and oat meal mixed with ground oats, silage, and clover maintain milk flow and fat at summer pasture levels. He urges neighbors to try the plan and notes that grinding whole ears adds value for cows and pigs, while he feeds sweet skim milk to his pigs.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Wisconsin
Milk Homogenization At 1835 Degrees Destroys Cream
A description notes homogenized milk being heated to 1835 degrees and forced through porcelain plates under high pressure to break cream globules so they stay mixed. Treated milk reportedly remains fresh for six weeks without souring or cream on top.
Work of the Hessian fly on wheat plants
In summer and both spring and fall wheat the Hessian fly causes straw to break over before harvest. Infested plants show a stemless form with broader, shorter leaves of bluish green resembling oats. Plants stand erect but are a mass of short overgrown leaves and typically perish with the first frost.
Save the Rotten Trees From Decay
When cherry tree trunks show decay the best method is to remove dead wood clean the wound with whitewash or Bordeaux mixture and seal with grafting wax or clay to exclude moisture The rotten wood should be removed as it weakens the tree and rot may spread from borer tunnels to healthy tissue The aim is to slow decay and extend the tree life though full healing may not occur.
Tuberose Care Encourages Saving Bulbs for Blooms
A reader advises preserving tuberose bulbs and bulblets rather than discarding them after bloom. A friend stored bulbs in a warm room in winter and, after following simple tips, found new plants bloomed in spring with strong fragrance though slightly smaller spikes.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
A. Chapin
Tuberculosis Test Prep for Large Cattle Herds
The notice advises owners of sizable herds to learn how to apply the tuberculosis test and to maintain a ready set of instruments. It emphasizes timely preparation and proper handling to ensure accurate testing and disease control.
Hogs That Make Ham Meat in Kansas Hog Test
Kansas station hog raisers conducted a test to determine which breed yields the best meat. Berkshire hams weighed 23% pounds, Doroc Jersey 2444 pounds, and Poland China 25% pounds. shoulders varied with Berkshire at 2114 pounds, Doroc Jersey 19% pounds, and Poland China 191g pounds.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Kansas Station
Berkshire
Doroc
Jersey
Poland
China
Hogs Rooting as Pasture Aid in Wisconsin
A Wisconsin farmer notes twenty five to three hundred hogs on his farm for twenty five years and rejects hog rings. He argues hogs naturally root for food and soil benefits, improving pasture and killing pasture grub worms. He invites others to ring hogs if they wish.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Wisconsin
No cabbage in the silo on dairy farm notes
The writer recalls feeding limited cabbage to cows on his father's farm. Cattle ate them with relish but milk and butter were negatively affected. Cabbages would have to be chopped fine to prevent air exposure and decay, making them unsatisfactory as fodder.
Watering Plants Properly Keeps Them Healthy
Water plants thoroughly and infrequently. Soak pots in a tub to the rim, drain when top soil darkens, and water in the morning for best results.
Ammonia Fertilizer Advice From Nova Scotia
Jennis Hiliot of Nova Scotia recommends using one tablespoon ammonia per three quarts water to fertilize plants weekly for six weeks. The regimen aims to boost growth color and blooming, with noticeable changes expected.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Jennis Hiliot
Nova Scotia
Feeding Soft Corn to Cattle and Hogs
The author reports best results feeding soft or chaffy corn to cattle on the cob. Hogs do not fatten on it. grinding offers advantage. Large ears should be chopped in two to avoid choking. Not chopped small pieces for cattle. Considered economical for disposing of light corn, common after early frosts in Wisconsin.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Pia Alrnold
Wisconsin
Forage Crops Question: Sowing Sorghums and Kaffir Corn
C D Lyon weighs late August sowing of sorghums or Kaffir corn in dry seasons to feed cows during dog days. Sorghums are sweet and palatable but not superior to corn or other forages for milk or growth. Recommend drills thick in 3 ft rows, noting soil impact and value as green feed or hay.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
C. D. Lyon
Alfalfa in Kentucky Planting and Harvesting Lessons
N L Jenkins of Kentucky outlines alfalfa cultivation from land selection to sowing dates and seed rates. He shares yields from a four year patch, irrigation of mowing cycles, and feeding guidance for cattle horses hogs and other stock, noting alfalfa as top horse feed with oats and corn support.
Copperas as a Weed Killer
Copperas also called green vitrel or ferrous sulphate has been widely advertised as a weed killer says W R Frear of the Pennsylvania Experiment Station. It is applied in fifteen to twenty percent solutions at forty to fifty gallons per acre to destroy charlock wild mustard and wild radish when weeds are young. It is not universal and kills certain weeds while injuring others such as curly duck black bindweed sow thistle and dandelion in some cases.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Wr. Frear
Pennsylvania Experiment Station
France
Belgium
Great Britain
Milk composition and the cow's protein needs in dairy production
The text explains milk contains fat, carbohydrates and casein a protein. casein comes from the cow's feed. It emphasizes balanced rations with sufficient digestible protein to maximize milk production and economy. It also notes protein requirements vary with milk yield and advises feeding sheep on field visits to train their behavior.
When to Plow and How to Fit Discing Practice
A Iowa farmer asks if disking small grain into cornstalk land with multiple harrowings is better than plowing. Uncle Henry Wallace says plowing delays seeding and disturbs furrow subsoil connections, so disk deeply and harrow accordingly when weather allows. In wet seasons or after frostless winters plowing remains necessary to seed a thorough pulverized bed.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Iowa
Henry Wallace
A Good Rotation for Mixed Farming
A six year rotation for mixed farming uses wheat, clover, meadow one year, cow pasture one year, and corn oats one year. On farms with permanent pastures, the second year clover can be omitted to shorten the cycle.
It Pays to Raise Cows for the City Man
A short notice extols raising cattle for urban buyers. Cows should be gentle, halter trained, healthy, and visually appealing for city markets.
Also Mentioned on This Page
Georgia
Ame
Veri
Kentucky
N. L. Jenkins
Copperas
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