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Newspaper
Fort Wayne Weekly Sentinel
Location
Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States of America
Date
Apr 17, 1907
Page
11
A Clinton M. Shultz article urges fruit growers to sort, clean, and pack apples and pears in labeled, paper-lined boxes. By improving presentation with eye appeal and reliable labeling, farmers can fetch higher prices and build consumer trust, despite a small upfront cost.
The article explains that soybeans form root tubercles only with the right nitrogen-fixing organisms. Inoculated soil or soil from infected fields triggers tubercle development, enabling soybeans to grow with little or no nitrogen fertilizer. In non inoculated soil beans fail to form tubercles. with inoculated soil they thrive, especially with appropriate fertilization.
H J Fluck of Goodenow Illinois describes raising Peerless Wilton the 39th Defender. He fed the calf corn oats and bran in equal parts and gave outdoor exercise daily. The steer stayed with its dam until July and later pasture life, never overfed yet eagerly eyed the feed box.
Chinese cookies are being imported into Germany as farm laborers. The labor situation, says the Intelligence, is scarcely any better than in the farm districts. Manufacturing and mining interests complain that, due to labor scarcity, they cannot keep up.
A historical recipe details making Bordeaux mixture with copper sulphate lime and water to combat fruit diseases such as plum rot and grape rot. It instructs dissolving blue stone, slaking lime, combining solutions in a barrel, and notes keeping stock solutions separate for the spraying season.
Instructions from Mrs. J. Murnel describe winter manure application and early spring plowing. Dig four inch sods, invert, stake boards, loosen soil, place seeds, cover, glass with window sash, water as needed, and avoid heat damage. After three to four leaves, plow and harrow, transplant plants in eight foot apart hills with three per hill.
State entomologist E P Felt reports a nonboiling spray for scale insects on fruit trees. The recipe uses lime sulfur and washing soda with fifty gallons of water, yielding a deep red, well mixed suspension that sprays easily and matches boiled preparations in effectiveness.
Instructions for farmers to prepare kerosene emulsion using kerosene, soap, and hot water. The mix is churned ten minutes for a creamy emulsion, then diluted with twenty gallons water for spraying on plants or animals. Effective against sap sucking pests like aphids and scale insects, with cautions on plant tolerance.
Henry Hatch of Kansas notes that Kaffir corn does not universally mature earlier than common Indian corn. He reports red Kaffir corn matures 10 days to two weeks before white Kaffir, with yellow Indian corn nearly the same maturity, showing less difference than popular belief.
The Philadelphia Public Ledger warns that without a sharp rise in farmers planters and cattle raisers the nation may soon consume most of its agricultural output at home and even import foodstuffs to feed workers and mechanics.
The clover seed crop in the United States was very short last year. Limited harvest affected markets and farmers across multiple states. Researchers note weather and growing conditions contributed to the reduced supply.
Experiments by Iowa experts show poor seed causes weak corn stands. Tests of over 6 000 seed samples across Iowa reveal the need to test six kernels per ear, discard bad ears, and favor shallow final cultivations to boost germination and growth.
Instructions describe laying out six kernels from each ear No 1 onward in a germination box with saw dust and a cloth cover. After moist bedding and warm placement for four to six days, check for germination, remove ears with weak growth, and discard unviable ears.
The article urges thorough soil preparation before planting. Plow and harrow ground until mellow, plant only when warm to avoid rotting seed, and use successive shallow cultivations. Emphasizes crosswise harrowing, weed destruction, deep cultivation near rows, and slow horse-drawn work to prevent plant damage.
Prof P G Holden of the Iowa College of Agriculture advocates multiple shallow cultivations with shifting shovel depths. Start deep, then gradually shallow and ridge between plants, finally level ridges. avoid deep cultivation especially in wet seasons to protect crop growth.
The text warns that deep cultivation can prune corn roots, slowing growth and delaying maturity. In wet seasons shallow, well-aerated soil supports better root development, as excess moisture reduces soil air spaces and hinders root growth. Cultivate early when soil is dry and mellow to minimize damage to the corn plant.
The article compares listing and planting methods for corn in the western corn districts. Listing promises time savings, deeper root systems, firmer stalks, cleaner fields, and higher drought resistance with bigger ears. It notes planting and careful checking can yield near perfect stands but lists conditions where listing is impractical such as wet or poorly draining ground.
Prof H M Moore of Wisconsin's department of agriculture reports an average of 150 bushels per acre across twenty two acres using a seed that nearly doubles output. The US government funds $4000 annually to support his investigations, underscoring faith in agricultural education and practical book farming paired with hard sense.
For a beauty spot plant Citrus trifoliata in single rows eighteen inches apart to form a dwarf ornamental hedge with blossoms in spring and small sour fruit in fall. Also lay out a map of your fruit garden and orchard, and use composted manure for better soil. The Farmers Company of McGregor Iowa paid 10 percent on its capital stock last year.
Prof. H. M. Cottreel of the Colorado College of Agriculture asserts barley will lead the states cereal future. Denmark spent years perfecting it as swine ration, and Colorado grew 40,000 acres last year with positive reports from feeders nationwide.
More than 100000 bushels of grain were raised last year without irrigation through the Campbell system of dry farming in a Wyoming district between Cheyenne and the Nebraska line. An Eastern syndicate has bought 200000 acres in the area and is inviting Eastern farmers to settle there.
Guidance on sheep nutrition after lambing emphasizes abundant high quality feed to sustain milk for lambs. It advocates roots with grain before grass, swede turnips, rye pastures, field rotation, and feeding plans including millet, cow peas, and rape to maintain soil and yield.
USDA experiments show large heavy seed outperforms small seed across crops. Peas from larger seed bloom four days earlier and reach marketable stage four days sooner, with main crop five to six days earlier. Beans and other tested crops also favor large seed, with vines and pods larger and more abundant.
A. J. Legg notes buckwheat thrives in cool seasons and can fill short corn and oats crops. Japanese buckwheat matures in about sixty days from sowing, with August sown crops cited. It provides strong stock and poultry feed value, and can boost egg production in hens, while stubble offers daytime range for fowl if ripening delays sprouting before winter.
Maryland station experiments favor applying nitrate of soda before planting and as a top dressing for backward spring wheat. Nitrate of soda outperformed sulphate of ammonia with or without lime, while nitrate of potash edged out nitrate of soda but not enough to justify cost. Organic nitrogen sources were less active than nitrate of soda.
The article compares manure from stalls with yard manure, noting stall manure yields better crop results. It advises farmers to prepare storage to prevent leaching by rains and to keep bedding and foods fine for absorption and easier shelter storage.
Farmers report planting more cotton and less wheat with expectations of about a ten percent drop in wheat acreage. The shift reflects market and regional growing conditions influencing crop choices.
Experiments on six plots compare early plowing from April 7 to 19 with late plowing June 3. Early plots yield about 6.6 bushels per acre more, show higher moisture-holding in the surface soil, and have lower mean temperatures throughout the season, with nitrification varying by depth and moisture. The study notes available nitrogen is higher in the surface foot of early plowed ground, and nitrification correlates with water content and temperature.
A promotional piece extols farm discipline and order. It claims timely work and organized spaces reduce guesswork and produce a steady market for field, barnyard, dairy, and garden by products weekly.
A basic brooder built by a handy farmer boy is shown with the top removed to reveal its construction. An ordinary lamp sits inside just behind the sliding door, illustrating heating and incubation principles.
The passage portrays farming as a money manager who limits losses, markets produce well, prepares for winter, and maintains crop rotation. It likens farming to prudent foresight by a merchant, ensuring follow-up on every step to maximize profits and minimize losses.
A practical garden tool built from a hardwood log and wagon tire pieces. The log is mounted between iron pins or bolts at each end, with handles attached to the tire ends. The rolling action loosens and crushes clods, smoothing soil in garden beds.
Prof. W. A. Taylor of the United States Department of Agriculture asserts that American fruit growers have a large overseas market if they study local requirements and produce the fruit demanded.
Booker Washington argues Tuskegee students cannot be kept as field hands or cooks. A young man trained in agriculture can earn more teaching the subject or farming for himself, and young women trained in cooking and housekeeping likewise seek higher earnings than any employer would pay.
Pp J Benson of El Paso Texas buys and sells bat caves filled with fertilizer. He says the fertilizer serves fruit and truck lands in Southern California with excellent results.
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