Alberoni Seizes San Marino in Bold Papal Move
In a daring intervention Cardinal Alberoni, envoy of RavINA, led 300 soldiers and 60 bailiffs into San Marino on October 24 to compel an oath of fidelity to the Holy See. He used force to press local leaders and citizens into submission, threatening to ransack houses of resistors as crowds cried Viva il Papa. Confusion and violence marked the Mass oath ceremony.