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Newspaper
Browning Leader Record
Location
Browning, Missouri, United States of America
Date
Feb 13, 1919
Page
2
President Wilson presided over the commission drafting the League of Nations, with two main American drafted plans blending features from British French and Italian sources. Delegates from five great powers compare aims as work accelerates toward a coordinated peace.
War Department announces the awarding of the congressional medals of honor to two officers and nine enlisted men for service in the great war in France. Previously only three medals had been issued for World War I valor.
The Daily Telegraph cites 40 billion dollars direct war cost and 50 billion dollars indirect costs from disrupted trade. Sinn Fein leaders Edwards de Valera Milroy and Mc Garry escaped Lincoln prison per Lincoln dispatch to the Evening News. Eight US soldiers died and thirty injured in a Montierancy accident near Troyes on a troop train. UK strike fever spreads to London with tube entrances closed over eight hour day dispute. Twelve Sinn Fein farmers recently found guilty of illegal drilling.
A historical report outlines that five great powers, now positioned to compare aims with allies, foresee inevitable conflicts before reconciliation. Delegates discuss overlapping hopes and the need to adjust differences into a coordinated peace.
France seeks Alsace Lorraine unconditionally and talks of buffer states in the Rhine region including the Palatinate and the Rhenish Prussia. It would redraw frontiers by possibly reannexing the Sarre basin and bars military works on the left bank while leaving the local population free to decide their future. France also hints at a large reparations bill and proposes a guiding role in Syria without a formal protectorate.
Britain backs a society of nations to be formed at the peace conference and stresses self-determination and unrestricted transit. It proposes mandates over German islands south of the equator for Australia and over German Southwest Africa for South Africa, plus control of German East Africa and parts of Arabia, with Mesopotamia a focus. The UK joins allies on indemnities for air raid damages and shipping losses.
Italy asserts entitlement to Trentino up to the Brenner pass and southern Tyrol, plus Trieste, Istria, Fiume, Zara, Sebenico, most Dalmatian islands, Avlona and hinterland, a protectorate over Albania, and Aegean islands from Turkey, with Adalia if Asia Minor territory is allocated to France and England. It seeks neutralization of Dalmatian coast areas not assigned to Italy.
Roumania seeks control of the southern Dobruja and the Russian Bessarabia portion granted by the central powers in the Bucharest treaty, plus areas in Bukovina Transylvania and part of Banat, to secure Danube influence and counter Serbia.
Serbia asserts it will seize Bosnia and Herzegovina from the Hapsburg monarchy but faces no opposition within the Entente. The remark signals broader Allied support for territorial rearrangements in the region.
Postwar talks center on Jugo Slav and Italian aims over Fiume and the Croatian coast. Montenegro votes for union with Serbia but King Nicholas protests to preserve Montenegrin self government. A wider Bohemian corridor to the Adriatic also prompts clashes among Jugo Slav leaders and Czecho Slakians.
Greece seeks international control of northern Epirus Thrace and waterways through Constantinople the Bosporus and the Dardanelles. It requests Smyrna vilayet in Asia Minor and the former Turkish islands in the eastern Mediterranean including the Dodecanese claimed by Italy.
The Bulgarian government, despite capitulating without conditions, hopes to gain extensions of Bulgarian frontiers in southern Macedonia along the Aegean coast and in Thrace.
The new state absorbs Bohemia Moravia and Slovak regions of northern Hungary while clashing with Poles Ruthenians Roumanians Germans Austrians and Magyars over ethnographic claims. Czecho-Slovaks seek further expansion toward the Danube and Adriatic.
The Poles seek control of Lemberg in Ukraine, Chelm in Little Russia, and Vilna while Lithuanians, bolsheviks, and Germans press claims. They contest German Silesia, Posen, West Prussia, and Danzig, warning that Poles securing Danzig would isolate East Prussia from Germany.
Belgium demands a three billion dollar reparation lien on German assets and the return of stolen machinery. It reasserts independence from neutrality and seeks the left bank Scheldt and Maastricht peninsula from Holland plus a Luxemburg plebiscite to choose Belgium or France. Holland resists frontier changes but may revise the Scheldt treaty to grant Belgium equal navigation rights.
Japan offers to return Tsing-Tau to China while retaining certain former German concessions on the Shantung peninsula. She also seeks to retain Germanys Pacific islands north of the equator.
The report states China demands protection from foreign imperialism abolition of consular rights and the return of Kia- Chau as part of its policy.
Switzerland aims to make the Rhine a neutral stream to secure an outlet to the sea, aligning with French interests as part of a broader regional arrangement. The move would affect river rights, shipping, and regional diplomacy.
The report notes Denmark aims to annex the northern Schleswig region where Danés inhabitants live. Norway shows interest in Spitzbergen but is not pressing claims. Sweden desires union with Aland held by Finland since the fall of the imperial government.
Fragmentary remarks warn that placing Constantinople under an international regime would devastate Turkey’s sovereignty and heart. The passage notes a sharp reaction following President Wilson’s stance, signaling rising tension in the region.
Reports out of Archangel and Omsk detail heavy losses for Bolsheviks as American and Allied troops push them back at Vistavka on the Vaga and at Kungar near Perm. Casualties include five American dead and multiple wounded with prisoners taken.
Washington reports a potential war strength of 7 132 172 men for 1919 if fighting continued. Crowder’s annual Congress report cites a 2 240 000 Class 1 reserve and 4 791 172 armed forces at armistice, with 378 619 at war start and 2 810 296 drafted from Class 1. England contributed 62 percent of available fighters.
Washington reports progressive senators including Johnson Borah Kenyon and PoinDEXTER planning speaking tours after March 4 to push measures aimed at boosting citizen satisfaction and curbing Bolshevik propaganda. Borah frames the message urging peaceful reform without bloodshed and warns against upheaval.
The chairman of the House Naval Committee reaffirmed approval of a 3 year naval program.
Washington reports General March orders to stop civilian tailors from selling uniforms to avoid market manipulation. Commanders of army camps and posts instructed to prevent any unauthorized uniform sales and ensure follow up.
The article argues that after four troubled years Western Canada enters a readjustment period with brighter prospects. Agriculture expands with higher crop yields and livestock, while dairying and wood industries grow. Labor shortages and subdued rail and building activity slow progress, but incoming settlers and demand for housing will boost construction and related industries. Industrial activity should rise with refineries, canneries, mining, lumbering, and clay products, supported by improved infrastructure and municipal works.
Insight from Charles B Newcomb on mental discipline and accountability for ideas we entertain. The quote emphasizes personal responsibility for internal thoughts and the influence of what we allow into our minds.
Guessed historical remedy notes August Flower used for a range of ailments from digestive issues to liver problems. It is described as a gentle laxative that regulates digestion in both stomach and intestines, though the text also includes unclear and distracting phrases about finances and partners.
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