Try 7 days of FREE access to billions of articles

Start Free Trial

Boston Post in Boston, Massachusetts

We have 4,454,244 pages in Massachusetts

View this page and access billions of articles with a 7-day free trial.

Start Free Trial

This is just the beginning! Our collection holds over 300 years of history, including rare newspapers, obituaries, marriage records, birth records, and so much more—most of which you won’t find anywhere else!

Start Free Trial

Cancel anytime, risk free

Not what you were looking for? Search our billions of articles

Advanced Search

Articles on This Page

This newspaper page contains 17 articles. Subscribers can read the full text of each article.

Newspaper

Boston Post

Location

Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Date

Nov 21, 1889

Page

3

Newton Tariff Reform Meeting Discusses Free Trade

About fifty gentlemen attended the annual Newton Tariff Reform League session at Auburndale. President E. B. Haskell spoke on the shift toward freer trade and the spread of protectionist ideas. General F. A. Walker explained what protection means, criticizing tariffs while noting varied national practices and the need for tariff reform to aid national welfare.

Newton Sordau Newton Tariff Reform League Auburndale E. B. Haskell Great Britain France Germany Europe United States Russia Austria Hungary Italy Brazil F. A. Walker Walker Australia Thomas Jefferson Horace Greeley England Jefferson Congressional Globe Daily Press Ilieve Blaine Ciie M. M. Holmes New England Furniture Exchange

Boston Women Hold Mass Meeting on Public School Question

A Tremont Temple gathering led by Mrs E Trask Hill urged women to boost school registration from 5000 to near 11000 and pressed for electing school committee members who favor American public education. Speakers linked parochial schools to Catholic opposition and stressed patriotic civic duty.

Women’s Ward and City Committee Tremont Temple E. Trask Hill Boston David Jutten D.D South Boston Addison P. Foster Baltimore D. Gregg Park Street New York England D. H. Ela Miner

The Navy Yard Meeting in Charlestown To Seek Reopening

A Charlestown gathering at 360 Main Street chaired by Major J Homer Edgerly backed reopening of the navy yard. Congressman N P Banks Senator-elect Gammans and others urged action and a five person committee including James Edgerly and J J McCarthy was appointed to push the movement.

J. J. McCarthy Main Street Charlestown Navy Yard N. P. Banks Gammans J. Homer Edgerly C. F. Rice Somerville General Banks Henry Lyon FE. L. Pilsbury Dd Lawin James Edgerly

Harvard Faculty Assigns Commencement Parts for Class of 1890

At the last faculty meeting Harvard designated Commencement parts for the class of 1890. Orations go to Abbot Brown Hodgman Mather Wardner Gulick Weeks. Dissertations to Arms Bates Bayer Blaney Bolton Buttimer Cabot Cotton Denison Fiske Foxcroft Fullerton Edwards Gill Harrison Haskell Herrick Hewes Learned Miller Pond Poor Rogers Rose Sands Tilton Sloss. Disquisitions list Bates Bayer Blaney Bolton Buttimer Cabot Cotton Denison Fiske Foxcroft Fullerton Gill Harrison Haskell Herrick Hewes Learned Miller Pond Poor Rogers Rose Rose West Ball Eastman.

Harvard Philip Stanley Abbot Milwaukee Wis Reynolds Driver Brown Philadelphia Arthur Winfred Hodgman Lowell Maurice Whittemore Mather Milford N. H George Philip Wardner Dorchester Charles Burton Gulick Brooklyn Raymond Leslie Weeks Kansas City Richard Herbert Arms Herbert Bates John Henry Boynton Addison Center Burnham Harry Edwin Burton Eugene Abraham Darling Louis Henry Dow Henry Martin Duffield, Jr Frederick Smyth Duncan Charles Mayo Eaton Nathan Richard George, Jr Augustus Noble Hand Nathan Hapgood Summit Louis Hecht Arthur Ashley Hubbard William Sturgis Hooper Lothrop George Herbert Merrill Charles Nutt Harry Tyler Perry Louis Warren Pulsifer Oliver Brewster Roberts George Rublee Samuel Foster Swinburne David Clarence Renee Frank Cole Babbitt William Morse Cole Charles Louis Mix Curtis Hidden Page Marcus Cauffman Sloss William Nickerson Bates Edwin Max Bayer Charles Préant Blaney Charles Knowlton Bolton Harry Fletcher Brown Thomas Henry Buttimer Frederick Pickering Cabot Frederick Jay Cotton Joan Porter Denison Winthrop Edwards Fiske Francis Augustus Foxcroft Robert Morton Fullerton Martin Edwards Gill Richard Calhoun Harrison Harry Hill Haskell Robert Welch Herrick Harry Fox Hewes Henry Barrett Learned Charles Addison Miller Frank Bigelow Myers Aylmer Draper Pond Harris Osborne Poor Elliot Folger Rogers William Kent Rose Benjamin Jerome Sands Benjamin Trowbridge Tilton Russell Tyson Bertrand Alfred Walker Samuel Hugh Watts Richard Harding Weld, Jr George Leon West Francis Kingsley Ball Charles Rochester Eastman

Death by Strychnine in Kate E Hall Inquest

Salem reports Judge Carleton finds Kate E Hall died from an overdose of strychnine with prescription proper. The inquest notes no analyzed compound. potential indictments could follow. Fraternity LO O F Lodge 118 hosted a pre 1850 members banquet for about 200 guests. Ex Mayor Hill is gravely ill with pneumonia.

Salem Carleton Haverhill Kate E. Hall Fraternity Lodge Lo.o.f George Russell James Harris Simon O. Dalrymple Charles B. Elwell George W Pease Gardner Barton Charles Harrington Daniel ‘T. Smith Charles M. Cumston Thomas M. Dix Mayor Hill

Shipping News Mini Almanac For Thursday Nov 21

Maritime notes report arrivals and clearances including Steamer Mineola from Antwerp with rough passage and gale lasting three days. Vessels listed include HF Dimock City of Gloucester Gondola Emma Bear River schooners and coastwise steamers with departures to Baltimore Philadelphia and New York. Highland Light notes wind southwest and naval squadron status.

Mineola Evans Antwerp Mise Gill & Sootz HF Dimock Eldridge New York H M Whitney City of Gloucester Young Gloucester Martin Wallace Emma Farnsworth Bear River Willie McGowan Goodrick Montague Pel Wiihe Havana Emma F Angell Highland Light Boston Hull Wina

Freight and Charter Movements Across Ports

Nov 20 reports show steady business with no major activity shifts. Notable charters include Afjuca from Philadelphia to Copenhagen, 5000 bbls refined petroleum, and Caldera from New York to Java for 60 600 cases. Other port charters involve Cyrus Wakefield to Cork Havre or Antwerp at 30s and multiple schooners and coastwise trades with varied cargoes and freight terms.

New York Eurore Afjuca Philadelphia Copenhagen Alsylva Adorna Africa Edith Port Natal Java Caldera San Francisco Cyrus Wakefield Cork Havre Antwerp Portland Johnj Marsh Uranus Ponce Thos W Hyde Kennebec Baltimore Grace Webster Mattie E Maton Brows 'S Cove Savannah Mattie Alles Carver’s Harbor Robert G Dunn C F Bronson Norfolk J Bright Guadaloupe

Foreign Ports Trade Ship Movements List

Cable reports sailing and passing details from Antwerp to St John including vessels such as Cremon Nederland Echo etc bound for Havre Philadelphia Boston Rosario New York and various loading ports across the globe with dates mid November 1910s era. The record enumerates ships like Crown of Arragon King Cenric Nova Scotia and St Ronans among others sailing toward North Atlantic ports.

Antwerp Cremon Ger Schwaner Havre Boston Flushing Nederland Philadelphia Buenos Ayres Flash Light Mahoney Rosario Tamara Marshall Barker Montreal Columbus Manganaro New York Batavia Harrison Colby Cebu Colombo Veronica McLellan, Cochin Cape Town Crown of Arragon Norfolk Dungeness Inga Nor Gronn Rotterdam Eddystone F E Hagemeyer Lass Nordenhawn Glasgow Betty & Arnold Hansen Quebec Greenock King Cenric Edward Gibraltar Craigendoran London Nova Scotia Potter Liverpool St Ronans Palestine Lucy A Davis Loring Minnie Mulcahay St John’s Persia Malcom Elo Janeiro Crofton Fall Lyons San Francisco Powell McCormac Pernambuco Abana Redo Star Line United States E. A. Adams &Co State St Cor Bread St

Multiple ships clear and sail from Atlantic ports in November report

The Nov lists show ships cleared and sailing from Boston Halifax Weymouth Digby and other Atlantic ports. Vessels include steamer Mareca City of Belfast and brig Aquatic with crews and destinations such as Baltimore New York and Buenos Aires. Dates range from Nov 6 to Nov 20 with several windbound or in port entries.

Sweet Aurora Borealis McDade Sir F James Burnie Boston Temperance Bell Moore Providence Mark Mohawk Charehill Liverpool Icis Fay McIntyre William Mason Comeau New York Annie Harper Darwin Welcome Home Currie Mareca Moen Baltimore Magnova E Sutton Buenos Ayres Aquatic P Emerson Parthenope Heal San Francisco Digby E B Newcomb E Norris Bear River Gola Hunter Clementsport Guadaloupe Willie L .Newton Coombs Havana Ciudad Condala Murciano Luzarraga Evolution Bartaux Delaware Halifax Alcides Rollo Glasgow Portia Ash St Johns Titana Olsen River Mersey Patent Christiansen Bristol Dovie Bie Barrow Alejo Gerrier Shediac Montevideo Port Annie R Storer Harding Matanzas Seneca Stevens Manson Huntley Apalachicola

Cant H B Hooper barkentine to launch in Rockland

Rockland plans a barkentine launch for Cant H B Hooper built by George A Gilchrest of Belfast with a probable 100 ton schooner to be built this winter in M D McKown yard. Prominent citizens support the new enterprise.

Rockland Cant H B Hooper George A Gilchrest Belfast M D McKown

Gloucester Harbor Catch Highlights From North Bay and Georges Banks

Today’s stock includes 190 barrels of mackerel aboard Lizzie M Center from North Bay. HB Griffin sails from Grand Bank with 140000 barrels of codfish on Mist. Georges vessels Lelia Norwood and Sarah M Jacobs report 15000 barrels each. Additional catches include HB Parker W Bb Keene Breeze Ida May Addie Emma from shore fishing and Hesper from Boston.

Gloucester North Bay Lizzie M Center HB Griffin Grand Bank Mist Lelia Norwood Sarah M Jacobs Georges HB Parker

Buoys Moved for Winter Season in Kennebec and Back Rivers

Captain Otto Johnson reports the automatic buoy at Blonde Rock off Sea Island NS is out of order, delaying sound signals. Authorities will move all buoys in the Kennebec and Back rivers on the 21st inst for winter season to reduce navigation risks.

Kennebec Back Rivers Otto Johnson Schooling Haskell Blonde Rock Sea Island

Shipping Movements and Positions Reported at Sea

Steamer Aurania bound for Liverpool reports position at lat 41 26 N long 63 W on Nov 17. Palgrave sailing from New York to Calcutta at lat 20 N long 36 W on Oct 31. Walden Abbey from New York to Bombay at lat 24 S long 32 W on Oct 6. Daniel I Tenney to Hong Kong at lat 406 long 49 50 W on Nov 12. Queen’s Island from Sydney to San Francisco at lat 35 21 S long 148 24 W on Oct 3. Antonio Sala Havana to New York reported off Alligator Reef on Nov 16.

Aurania New York Liverpool Son Palgrave Pitt Calcutta Walden Abbey Williams Bombay Daniel I Tenney Hong Kong Lon Queen’s Island Reid Sydney Nsw San Francisco Antonio Sala Havana Alligator Reef

Whaling Fleet Movements and Arctic Arrivals Reported

In scattered notices from New Bedford and nearby areas, multiple ships including the brigs Alexander and Francis A Barpriet Reynolds and vessels Sea Ranger Tamerlane Win Baylies and Mars are noted arriving from the Arctic. A London despatch reports 200 whales captured near the Orkney Islands, signaling ongoing whaling activity.

New Bedford Arctic Barks Sea Ranger Tamerlane Win Baylies Mars London Orkney Islands

Vessel ashore near Hull and ship repairs in Boston harbor

Olive Pecker from Boston for Havana ran aground on Gevorge Island near Hull. Tugboats Argus and Curlew failed to pull her off. Boston vessels Sch St Croix Navarino and Jane Adeline receive repairs and overhauls. The Commercial Towboat Co plans to increase capital and build an 116 foot ocean towboat. Sir William C French to sail as Dickey Bird after refit.

Boston Olive Pecker Havana Gevorge Island Hull Argus Curlew Sch St Croix Sullivan Navarino Jane Adeline Bark Lapland Sir William C French Dickey Bird Bath Round Pond Gpano Savannah Providence Northern Light Sir Thomas Potter Whitehead Charleston Bengard Head Brunswick Shaft Proken Ainsdale Galveston Liverpool David W Hunt Madeira Baltimore Ordovic Lebos de Rfuera Hampton Roads New York Portsmouth John J Call Lizzie J Call Norfolk Navy Poole Virginia Beach Merritt Wrecking Company Mary Ellen New London New Haven Conn Robert Gray Lester Rob Texas Barnegat Light Schower Freeport Furman L Mulford Philadelphia Key West Leona Fire Island Lark Beechdale Point Lookout Jones’s Inlet Newport Pet Beaver Tail Bermuda Nobreza Giacomino London Ocean King Gould Bremerhaven New Orleans Richmond Till Perry Gravesend Pee Wilson Orkla Queensmore Mizen Head

Sailed ships and arrivals list from Atlantic and New England ports

Maritime notices report sailing and clearance data for numerous vessels across Astorta San Diego Bangor Bath Boothbay Baltimore Belfast Brunswick Calais and nearby ports. It lists ship names masters destinations and entry dates including crews and cargo notes with several special notations and partial arrivals.

Astorta O-Ar Oaklands Steigar San Diego Hermoine Parker Portland Gordon Clayton Bangor Lucy J Warren Kent Sea Bird Thurston Doston Mary Lymburner Lickett New York Leonora Barney Port Jefferson A L Mitchell Barbour New London Carrie Pitman Nickerson Saran A Blaisdell Pomroy Boston Bath Annie EJ Morse Merritt Mary E Morse Bunker Lady Ellen Clark Perth Amboy Augusta Sarah Roberts War Steed Gookins Lewis Hallowell Hyne Hinckley South Amboy New Bradley William Donnell Davis Washington Wim V Hutchins Morey C B Paine Hillard Rattler Hunt Franconia Young Bluehill Mary Jane Lee Harris Rockland OM Marritt Electa Bailey Phil Brook Philadelphia Annie V_bergen Odell Nellie Clark Frostburg

Shipping News Afloat from Ports and Harbors

Numerous schooners brigs and steamers sail and clear from ports including Boston Providence Newport News New York and Philadelphia. Vessels listed with captains and destinations such as Emma L Shaw for Savannah J R Teel for Kennebec Etta H Lister Philadelphia and Lizzie Young Boston for New York.

Also Mentioned on This Page

Newton Reform League the Navy Yard Clyde Steamship CO Great Southern Freight PAS Senger Florida South Carolina South Pier 29 Eas River Quois Byp Mi Irkee Seminole Yemassee Washington Street J. A. Fuanders Theo. G. Eger Bowing Green Charles F. Libbie North America Foster Franklin Branford Sower Anne Bradstreet Roger Clap Lee New Jersey Rip van Dam Seat of War Paul Revere Raleigh Guiana Munster Sisselius Farvard Fraternity Lodge Shipping News Port OF Carthagenian McNichol Vancouver Lindall Gordon Castle Ashdene Thompson North Sydney City of Truro Fulden Reval Paysandu Douglas Crosby Quebelc Siberian Eri King Priske Rio Janelro Orion Johannesen Channel ST John Karslie McDonough St Pierre Amee K Carson Barks Ocean Marvin Bounding Billow Rhaxter Fox Islands Alexander Helen Mar Ellis Brava, CVI Francis A Barpriet Reynolds New Bromwich Marine Notes GM Porter J & H Crowley Orozimbo GR Mowry Mott Hagen E Y Lee Pavilion Westport Point Hattie Godfrey Derby Albert Emma L Shaw Porter Pisagua Gertrude Abbott H_ B Hussey Wentworth Annie Cross Wilmington Del Dutch Island Harbor George Churchman Risley Long Cove Evan Leonard Robbins Sag Harbor Georgetown Etta H Lister Mason J R Teel Johnson Green’s Landing Jease Barlow Alice Paine Sunlight Washington, DC Hyannis Lizzie Young Pierce Ireland Megathlin EL Pou Aay Frank Seavey Kelly Newedford Bass River Ira Lafrinnier Crowell David K Akin Fuller Annie Louise Cole Jupiter Fla Jam San Marcos Machiasport Abbie Ingalls Jonesport Annie Lee Alma Saarbrock Neptune Sawyer Graham Parrsboro Wm H Mitchell Libby Sand River Hortensa Sanborn Beta Colbeth Chester Scis Energy Yulan Look Lucy Wentworth Reynolds Mary Bartlett Holmes Mayaguez Robinson Abbie Ingails Killey Millbridge Lulu Whitten Ertha Game Cock New Boxer Iowa Leighton Abe Trout Calais Augustus Russ EH Weaver Hattie E Giles Maruna Mount Olivet Newburypok Mary Sands Nantasket Richardson Fernandina Lizzie L Mills Gates Marian Camden John Creckford Farnum Fall River Inventor Manver Clare Sierra Leone Louisiana el Monte Augustine Para Eastgate Progreso City of Carrie A Lane Dyer Altata Port Adelaide Naughton Aigoa Bay Ar_ Navy Centipede Lynn Nellie W Craig Rhines Jennie E Righter Crossley Erastus Wiman Jennett Sarah E Ward Ward C C Dame Daniels Mary A Hood Somers Thomas Booz Martie A Holmes Burr Neilie Lamper Maud B Wood Stanley Asenath Sooy Agness Manning Birdsall Switzerland Gudrevy Cornucopia Fort de France Srarton Lancaster Williamsport Miller Wortsmouth Reading Smith Salvatore Schiafine Seville Murchison Joanna Swan Shachford Colin Craker Lathams Montego Bay Plymouth West Side Port Liberty Thrasher Sardinian Ichs Falmouth Rondo Edmund Tower Wood Point Alhambra Britt Nis Wwe Pendleton Webber Damariscotta Baltic Westcott Olive Arey Penobsco Hattie California Gross Omaha E Waterman Nantucket Lizzie Cochrane Kelley Lunet Norwood Worksmouth Gen Scott Rich Zeyla Halowell Whiting J Paine Mattie E Eaton Santa Fe Gresset Westport Charley Buck Cassie Fabronson Norfolk and Return Ar Today Sehs Annie W Akers McIntire St John Lillie Bell Nellie Drinkwater Alice M_ Ridgeway Snow Caroline Ricketson Aries Briggs Adelphia Charles W Church Lent D Snow Tate Lucy Jones Dover Satellite Eliot Herald Elizabethport Bowdwoinhamn Joe Carleton Rockport A K Woodward Ellsworth Devale A Heaton Handy Marvest O’ Donnell Mary Riley Taylor Volunteer Ringleader Seavey E Arenularius Saco Dolphin Allyvard Fanny Flint Warren Portamouth Yoth W H Allison Oliver Ames Nile Manning M Marrit Commerce Keed Beach Lizzie Carr Bulgeo Windsor Hi T Townsend Elizabeth S Lee Richmond Wm P Hunt Poland Bay View San Difgo Felix Estivant Burrard Inlet Tacoma Vineyard Haven Schs Inglewood Sealey Chatham Abbie LE Willard Jones Cottage City Sci Alabama Barkentine Louise Adelaide Point India Equator Hawes Philadelee Lone’Star Rodney Parker Liggins West Point Harrington Bremen James Ponder Lynch Lizzie May Hutchinson Cape Haytien John Beatty Marshall Minnie Smithers Insley Congress Street Pei Barclay & Co James Stevanson Eng Tarifa Beasey Books Imachinery Cuba Willie H Child Michigan Hansa Line E. A. Adams & CO Stat Link Royal Mail Queenstown Cunard Line Pavonia Cephalonia Samara Scythia Catalonia T'Pavonia State Street Alexander Martin Allan Line H. & A. Allan BO State Street Warren Line Steamships Kansas Roman Norseman Warren & C Postoffice Square Furness Line City of Lincoln Furness Water Street Beaver Line Steamships Lake Superior Lake Winnipeg Lake Ontario George W. Preston Deane Street Leyland Line Steamships Tate Street Halifax Steamers Port Hawkesbury Charlottetown Cape Breton P. EE. L B. Gardner Atlantic Avenue Yarmouth Lewis Wharf N. S Davison South Shore W.C. Railway St. John J. F. Spinney John G. Hall & Co Chatham Street Thomas Cook & Sons W. H. Eaves Parker House Boston & Bangor Steamship Co Foster's Wharf Searsport Bucksport Winterport Hampden South West Harbor North East Harbor Bararbor Sorrento North West Harbor Deer Isle Sedgwick Brooklin Surry Bar Harbor William H. Hill Woston Comal Alamo Mallory Lines LAMP Port Royal Brunswick & Fernandina India Wharf North River H. M. Whitney Kennebec River Eresen Jason Collins Lincoln's Wharf Gardiner Boothbay L. H. Palmer Old State House Cor. State and Washington Streets CMAS Lincoln’s Wharf Cerncr Agse C.F. Williams Eveston& Gloucester Steamboat Company North Side Central Ko & Merchant Boston & Philadelphia Steamship Line Parthian Spartan Long Wharf West Ed. Sampson Georgia Mississippi Vvvia New England Steamship Company Gate Cilly Olety OF Amnacorn Sound Lines Ocean Steamship Coppany A. Dew. Sampson New Eng Southern Pacific Company Morgan Line Echursday Mississippi River Arizona Hexico Colorado EB. BE. Carrier N. E Washington St BR. Hawley Eastern Broadway Associated Railways of Virginia The Carolinas Atlantic Coast Line Seaboard Air Line Boston & Norfolk Steamship Con Foot Central Wharf Piedmont Air Line Boston & Providencia A. BR RC Ldo A. Pearce Boston & Providence Railroad Memphis Nashville Chattanooga Vicksburg Waldo A. Pearce N. Eng Norfolk and Washington Steamship Line Tenn. & Ga. Air Line Atlantic Coast and Seaboard Air Line Kanawha Baltimore & Ohio SR Geo. E. Smalley Boston & Albany R. R Albany Cincinnati Chicago New York & Chicago Limited Syracuse Rochester Muftale Niagara Falls Detroit Michigan Central UE Cleveland Toledo Lake Shore Ht. HK St. Louis Big Four Oledo Hartford Ars Limited Kneeland Street Loston A. S Hanson Wwus Fall River Line Old Colony Jersey City Puritan Pilgrim Old State Louse J. R. Kendrick Geo. L. Connor Gen’l Pass Stonington Park Square Station Ing Washington Ce Park Square J. W. Miller J. W. Richar OH. Oe Gen Pass Yo Bosto NEW Haven & Hart A New Ee Way Springfield Worcester N. Y Ford RR Lewis J. Bird & CO Rire Iselamla Shak Nework Horatio Harris & Co., Auctioneers and Commission Merchants Salege Snow & CO North Market St Fulton St Alexander McDonald Massachusetts George Curtis Nahant County of Suffolk Myrtle Street Stoughton Street Henry Humphreys Richard H. Dana George Cartlis Calvin Ryder Peter Gratfain Linus M. Child Back Bay Falmouth Street West Chester Park William H. Whitney Artition Seay Nathan Mathews Nathan T. Sowther Richards & CO Nsolvency Notices Massachussetts Solomon Myers Court Square Kred H. Seavey Gard Ledwin J. Snow Court Room Propate Building Thomas Fee Dare Jessenger Yommon Mmassachusetys Edwin B. Temple Said County Samuel H. Smith Pemberton Square Clifton House Ware & Ruse Clifton, Mass
Search Courier

Search the Boston Post Today with a Free Trial

We want people to find what they are looking for at NewspaperArchive. We are confident that we have the newspapers that will increase the value of your family history or other historical research. With our 7-day free trial, you can view the documents you find for free.

Not Finding What You Were Looking for on This Page of The Boston Post?

People find the most success using advanced search. Try plugging in keywords, names, dates, and locations, and get matched with results from the entire collection of newspapers at NewspaperArchive!

Looking Courier

Browse Newspapers

You can also successfully find newspapers by these browse options. Explore our archives on your own!

By Location

By Location

Browse by location and discover newspapers from all across the world.

Browse by Location
By Date

By Date

Browse by date and find publications for a specific day or era.

Browse by Date
By Publication

By Publication

Browse old newspaper publications to find specific newspapers.

Browse by Publication