THAT DIRECT TAX BILL AND TARIFF FIGHT IN CONGRESS
Washington December 12 The Senate moved to raise taxes via tariff debate while the House aimed to erase the tax revenue. Senators pushed cotton ties duty higher and maintained unity against free hoop iron and Coke’s rate. The House passed the direct tax refund bill 178 to 96, signaling likely presidential veto. party splits and absences noted among New England Republicans and others.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Washington
Senate
House
Vance
Allison
Coke
Aldrich
Rhode Island
Colonel Oates
Alabama
New England
Hayden
Milliken
Reed
Granger
Washineton
Jones
Arkansas
Berry
United States
Blaggs
Finance Committee
Liverpool
Reagan
Chace
Dawes
Texas
Mr. Dawes
Hiscock
New York
Harlem River
Iowa
Kansas
Reage
Hale
North
Northwest
McPherson
California
Tariff debate on cotton ties and protective duties in Senate
The Senate debated the tariff on cotton ties with proposed duties from 35 to 108 percent ad valorem. Supporters argued high protection burdens farmers, while opponents warned the substitute taxed labor and harmed Southern planters. Daggers flew over profits, prices, and the merits of free trade versus protection. The session featured Dawes and Reagan defending manufacturing profits and civil service issues, with votes and amendments shaping the final stance.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Morgan
Senate
South
Stewart
Yeas
Cole
Dawes
Mr. Coke
Mr. Dawes
Reagan
Coke
Long Civil War era tax bill details urged approval
The proposed act directs the Treasury to credit each state district and territory with sums equal to direct tax set-offs and remits amounts due, with funds paid to governors and district commissioners. It requires trusts for collected funds, bars payments to contracted attorneys, and sets a six year filing window for claims, while including bureau lands provisions from Eliott's amendment.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Osborne
Outhwaite
Patton
Payson
Perkins
Perry
Peters
Phelps
Plumb
Post
Puester
Rockwell
Romers
Rowell
Rowland
Russel
Connecticut
Rusk
Ryan
Sawyer
Bull
Seney
Seymour
Shaw
Sherman
Simmons
Snyder
Sowden
Spooner
Steele
Stephenson
Stewart
Vermont
Strubble
Eyes Ezra B. Taylor
Jose D
Taylor
Thomas
Illinois
Wisconsin
Thompson
Ohio
California
Tillman
Townshend
Turner
Kansas
Vandever
Wade
Warner
Weber
West
White
New
Kentucky
Bryce
Buckalew
Burnett
Bynum
Candler
Carleton
Caruth
Catchings
Chipman
Clardy
Clements
Cobb
Collins
Cowles
Cox
Crain
Crisp
Cummings
Davidson
Florida
Dockery
Dunn
Enloe
Foran
French
Glass
Grimes
Hatch
Hayes
Herbert
Hooker
Howard
Hutton
Johnston
North Carolina
Jones
Kilgore
Logan
Landes
Lane
Lanham
Lawler
Marsh
Martin
McAdoo
McCreary
McKinney
McMillin
McRea
McShane
Mills
Montgomery
Morse
Neal
Norwood
Oates
Peel
Pennington
Phelan
Randall
Richardson
Robertson
Rogers
Russell
Massachusetts
Sayers
Shively
Smith
Spinola
Springer
Texas
Georgia
Stockdale
Stone
Tarsney
Tracey
Vance
Walker
Washington
Weaver Wheeler
Whiting
Michian
Wilson
Minnesota
West Virginia
Wise
Carlisle
Secretary of the Treasury
District of Columbia
Congress
United States
States and Territories
District O Columbia
Bureau Lands
Mr. Eliott
Direct Tax Bill Passes House Amid Debate on States Burdens
In Washington on December 12 the House approved the direct tax bill after a lengthy debate. Supporters argued money would be repaid to states in proportion to population, while opponents pressed constitutional questions. The roll call showed 178 yeas to 96 nays with many named lawmakers from Illinois, New York, Ohio, Michigan, and other states voting in detail.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Washington
Hatch
Missouri
Senate
Department of Agriculture
House
Springer
Ilinois
Weaver
Iowa
Caswell
Wisconsin
Taylor
Ohio
Walker
Jackson
Pennsylvania
Enlos
Tennessee
National Treasury
Enloe
Gear
Mr. Enloe
G. B. Wilder
South
Messrs
Spinola and Campbell
New York
Yeas
Adams
Allen
Michigan
Anderson
Kansas
Arnold
Atkinson
Baker
Illinois
Bayne
Belden
Biggs
Bingham
Rothman
Bound
Boutelle
Bowden
Bowen
Brewer
Holmes
Hopkins
Virginia
Houk
Hovey
Hudd
Hunter
Johnson
Indiana
Kean
Kelley
Kennedy
Kerr
Ketchum
Lafollet
Laidlaw
Latham
Lee
Lehrbach
Lind
Lodge
Long
Lyman
Macdonald
Mahoney
Mansar
Mason
Matson
McClammy
McComas
McCullough
Mackenna
McKinley
Merriman
Joan H. Moffitt
Morrill
Morrow
Nelson
Nicholas
Nutting
O'Donnell
O'Ferrall
O'Neill
New Hampshire Club Debates Prohibition Versus High License
At Quincy House nearly 100 members of the New Hampshire Club debated constitutional prohibition versus high license after an election. Congressman-elect Orrin C. Moore argued that prohibition harms society, while M. B. Bryant defended high license as practical. A general discussion followed and thirteen new members joined. John J. Bell will present a paper on The Rockingham County Bar in Mason, Woodbury and Webster at the next meeting.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
New Hampshire Club
Quincy House
Boston
Orrin C. Moore
New Hampshire
M. B. Bryant
Kansas
Iowa
Maine
Rhode Island
Bryant
John J. Bell
Rockingham County
Mason, Woodbury and Webster
G. W. Simmons & Co. Livery Services Advertising
The notice advertises livery services from G. W. Simmons & Co at 32 to 44 North Street with emphasis on footman indoor man groom and coachman roles, highlighting special attention to this class of work.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Page
G. W. Simmons & Co
North Street
Steamers In and Out Due at Boston and New York Today
Shipping list notes sailings from Boston and New York with multiple steamers scheduled. Hibernian and Bavarian depart Glasgow Liverpool paths at 2 PM, City of Macon sails at 3 PM from Savannah, and other lines include Progreso and Siberian with Antwerp and Glasgow routes. Destinations and agents listed include Warren & Co, Thayer & Lincoln, and Wright & Sons among others.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Liverpool
Warren & Coratrian
Thayer & L
Nc’n Progreso
Hamburg
Siberian
Glasgow
H &A Allan Bostonian
Warren & Co
Boston
Hibernian
H & A Allan
Bavarian
Thayer & Linc
Antwerp
Wright&Sons
Nevada
Underhill
Indiana
Baldwin
New York
St of Nebraska
Wieland
Kunhardt & Co
NEW England and Savannah Steamship Company
Gate City
City OF Macon
North Side
Lewis Wharf
C. G. Pearson
N. Eng
Washington Street
Richardson & Barnard
Atlantic Avenue
New England R. R
Metropolitan S. 8. Co
Sound Lines
Ocean Steamship Company
M Maynonwth
A. Pen. Sampson
New Eng
Central R. A
Boston-bound Vessels Sail For Boston Listing Dates
A historical shipping notice lists numerous vessels headed to Boston with departure ports and dates. Entries include Anni Stafford from Iloilo on Aug 31, Veal from Iloilo, and Abosson Ghee from St Martins on Nov 10, among many others from Havana, Singapore, Manila, Buenos Aires, and more, with occasional notes of positions and distress.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Boston
Anni- Stafford
Veal
Hloilo
Vassed New
Cebu
Ecuador
Hughes
Br. Bark
Buenos Ayres
Exile
Pearce
F. L. Richardson
Velano
Port Spain
Turks Island
Gebroeders Smit
Mulder
Passa- Fong
St. Helena
Bermuda
Glenside Corning
Hancock Guptill
Am. Bark
John M. Clerk
Pendleton
Singapore
Anjer
Jupiter
Ziezahn
Rosario
J. A. Horsey
Dowling
Miragoane
Castle Island
Miriam
Ivancich
Trapant
Tarifa
Gibraltar
Miuna Loa
Douglass
Barx
Manila
Nahum Chapin
Arey
Am. Seh
Seillie M. Johnson, Brown
Br. Seh
Genoa
Ringieader
Entwistle
Am. Ship
Vira Cebu
Ruby, Robbing
Br. Ship
Lollo
Croix, Son
Am. Sch
Sierra Leona
Hampton Roads
Sea Gull
Thompson
West Coast
Africa
Charleston
D. C
Snefrid. Samuelsen
Nor.bark
Port of Boston ship news and arrivals at Tourspay
The Dec 12 Boston port bulletin lists arrivals including Steamer Herman Winter from New York, Steamer Katahdin from Bangor, and Susan N Pickering from Pensacola. Cleared vessels include Hibernian from Glasgow and Bavarian from Liverpool, with several coastwise ships and a few sailings to Baltimore and Barbados. Telegraph lines failed after noon, cutting communication.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Herman Winter
Hallett
New York
H M Whitney
Katahdin
Vierce
Bangor
Susan N Pickering
Haskell
Pensacola
Wellman
Hall
Maritime cargoes and voyages listed by port and ship
A compressed ledger of ships and barks sailing or passed by various ports including Ancona Bristol Cape Town Copenhagen Cadiz Elsinore London Leghorn Liverpool Messina Oporto Stornoway Shields St Helena Sligo Tarifa with vessel names captains and destinations such as New York Boston Baltimore Manila Colombo and Smyrna. Entries show dates in November and December and include steamers sailings and passing statuses.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Gaspe
Ascension
Tjemmar
Diepenbroeck
Souralaya
New York
Bristol
Revolving Light
Sprague
Cardiff
Cape Town
Stalwart
Cann
Galle
Copenhagen
Ivigtut
Anderson
Philadelphia
Cadiz
Dora
May
St Johns
Elsinore
Oliver
Coggswell
Stettin
London
J Weissenhorn
Ger
von Thulen
Swalen
Nor
Doboy
Leghorn
Italia
Crag
Boston
Olympia
Liverpool
Lora Cairns
Halifax
Shields
North Erin
ST Helena
Robert S Besnard
Andrews
Hollo
Spalding
Colombo
Mauna Loa
Douglass
Manila
Sligo
Saraca
Watt
Port Williams and nearby towns ship news brief
From our correspondents port Williams NS Cleaced 8th bri Alice Baxter Jacksonville sch byron M LeCash Dem erara Salem sailed 12th steamer Centipede for Philadelphia Wiscasset Arith schs Mail Kent Boston 12th Julia Baker Merry Boothbay oo 18th sch Iran Sturgis Blaisdell Newport
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Port Williams
Bri Alice
Baxter
Jacksonville
Byron M. LeCash
Demerara
Salem
Centipede
Philadelphia
Wiscasset
Arith
Schs Mail
Kent
Boston
Julia Baker
Merry
Boothbay
Iran Sturgis
Blaisdell
Newport
Fifteen Grand Banks schooners chartered for coasting and trade
In Provincetown on December 12 fifteen of the largest Grand Banks schooners have been chartered for coasting and West India trade, showing a noticeable improvement over last year. Two more have been assigned to winter fishing and five are in the herring business.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Provincetown
Grand Banks
West India
Ships and routes logged in early December maritime notices
A set of mid ocean and coastal vessel movements listed include the ship Kilmory with Wallace and Manla bound for New York, a four masted British ship with signal KT WJ from Liverpool to Calcutta, bark Fred W Carson bound for Rosario, and schooner Ada Bailey sailing from Boston to Savannah. Also noted are Natalja Matilda Brooks departing Georgetown for New York and other positions with approximate coordinates and dates in December.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Kilmory
Wallace
Manla
New York
KTWJ
Liverpool
Calcutta
Ceres
Fernandina
Buenos Ayres
Fred W Carson
Reid
Apalachicola
Rosario
Cape Canaveral
Ada Bailey
Boston
Savannah
Beeruda Benokhs G SC
Noel Matilda Brooks
Georgetown
New Yor
Maritime notices from ports reveal wrecks and ship sales
Harbor and port reports from Boston to Portland list vessels dragged, towed, or grounded, with anchors slipped and ships towed to Union Wharf. Purchases include the steam tug Kane of Philadelphia. ships sold include Portland Lloyds to Boston brokers for 33,560. Wreckage from EFM Smith sold at auction. Castine and Bremen trades detailed. several schooners laid keel or launched. crews reported lost or drowned in storms around Norfolk and Beaufort.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Boston
Minetta
Crockett
Winterport
Komin
Union
Ponver Quertier
Ktta Kane
Philadelphia
R Crowell
Cheney
Panama
Portland
Efm Smith
Cane Elizabeth
Bfrmuwa
Castine
Lohman
Nymphen
Eriksen
Newcastle
Pensacola
Mysterious Star
Rees
Montevideo
Attilio
Pietroluzzi
Genoa
San Francisco
Fernandina
Sci J D Robinson
Martinique
New Bedford
Henry L Babbitt
Taunton
Charles NI Simmons
Maine
J Marshall Phillips
Somerset
Fall River
Provincetown
Raleigh
Pendleton
Gen Whitney
Angelia
New York
Sir Maud C. Gale
St John
Green’s Landing
Norfolk
New London
At Charles
Norfolk Light
Frank Enoch
Matt Harris
CRB Bishop
Bremen
Meiggs
Stip Sterling
Sterling
Bath
Kelly & Spar
Halifax
Rochemont
Liverpool
Africa
J H Hamlin
Beaufort
Mattie E Hiles
St Pierre
Yaquina Bay
Lanow
Vineyard Haven
Carrie L Hicks
Rockland
Woodbridge
Edgartown Ashore Cargo Floated Off Without Damage
Cargo of clay went ashore at Edgartown yorreey morning but was floated off without apparent damage. New York steamship Liscara suffered bulwark damage in Charleston after a lighter collision while anchored outside the bar. Waterlogged bark Vincenzo yerretta reported at New Orleans with masts gone and decks awash after passage from Liverpool.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Edgartown
New York
Liscara
Charleston
Hambure
Vincenzo Yerretta
Abaco
Monreal
New Orleans
Liverpool
Foreign Ports Shipping and Arrivals Across Global Trade
A compiled list shows ships and vessels at ports including Aspinwall, Acapulco, Bombay, Barbados, Cardiff, Cochin, Calculta, Canso, Halifax, Havana, Havre, Liverpool, Montevideo, Matanzas, Natal, Navassa, Pernambuco, Port Elizabeth, Port Spain, Rio de Janeiro, Swansea, Turks Island, Yarmouth, Yokohama. Entries note in port and sailing dates, with vessel names and masters, from Dec 5 to Dec 11 across Americas, Europe, Africa, and Asia.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Aspinwall
Daisy E Parkhurst
Hooper
Mobile
Acapulco
Colina
Panama
San Francisco
Ayr
Scot
Jesse McGregor
McFadden
Demerara
Donald Ferguson
Campbell
Bombay
Kelat
McKay
Barbados
Abrana
Olsen
Buenos Ayres
Galveston
Cardiff
Teneriffe
Small
Maria W Norwood
Chopson
Exmouth
Cochin
Mohur
Stevens
New York
Idg
Accrington
Walter H Wilson
Sproul
Loch Torridon
Puttman
Trom Do
Gamma
LeCain
Oston
Canso
Lilly
Banks
Don Nicolas
George W. Sweeney
Hewitt
Philadelphia
Disg
Carrie E Long
Park
Maggie Browne
Davies
Boston
Maitland
Belvidere
Newcomb
Navassmn
America
Gibson
Glory of the Seas
Freeman
Port Elizabeth
Cgh
Elieser
Knudsen
Port Natal
Port Spain
Ruby
Alexander
Abbie Clifford
Storer
George Walker
Mitchell
Machias
Portland
Norombega
Craig
Lizzie Heyer
Herrick
Rio Janeiro
Orontes
Hanson
Swansea
Isabelle
ST Kites
Louise Coipel
Parker
Turks Island
Cora
Gaskell
Washington
John Pierce
Rogers
J UN
Gilchrist
Chautauquan
Demings
Newark
Tasma
Nicholson
Bangor
Yarmouth
ME Coipel
Larkin
Yokohama
Glenshiel
Donaldson
Hong Kong
Lelle
Oregon
Matthews
Strathleven
Pearson
Kobe
Maritime Ship Movements Across Ports and Sailed Vessels
A compact list of ships, schooners, brigs, and steamers sailing from New York, Boston, Philadelphia, and other ports to destinations like Philadelphia, Norfolk, Queenstown, and Havana with dates in early November. Named captains include H T Hedges, Leighton, Free man, and Falkenburg among others. Various vessels including the brig Robert Dillon and steamer Tallahassee are recorded as sailing, clearing, or sailing orders with destinations ranging from New York to San Francisco and the Pacific coast.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Portland
Salem
Perseverance
Willard
New York
Porl Discovery
Bonheur
Trivoid
Melbourne
Port Townsend
Detroit
McAllen
San Francisco
Skagit
Robinson
Colusa
Backus
Guaymas
Pensacola
Rozella Smith
Greene
Barbados
James W Drury
Kerry
Boston
Lucy
Klunden
Buenos
Davis
Staten Island
Grace K Green
Seward
Portsmouth
Hattie Paige
Tryon
Adele Trudell
Fidler
Lizzie
MeAlinden
J G Pierson
Moyes
Bulkle
Bulkley
Tolles
Nash
Pochasset
Herrick
Warford
Carson
Edith
Gandy
Helen Marr
Hubbs
Smith
White
Taunton
Robert Dillon
Leighton
T Hedges
Harper
Signal
Dewick
New Haven
Kennard
Freeman
Lower Harbor
John Bracewell
Josie
Florence & Lillian
Savannah
Tallahassee
Fisher
Moland
Abrahamson
Eglantine
Grimwade
Sebastopol
Southwold
Press
Reval
Constanza Barnuero
Varg 'S
Valencia
Leonida
Liverpool
Mails Close at Boston for Worldwide Destinations
Boston postal notice lists closing times for Jamaica Greytown Bluefields Bocas del Toro and Mexico states on Dec 14. Also details for Belgium Netherlands Norway France Ireland Scotland Great Britain and other European routes plus Trans-Pacific mail deadlines to Society Islands Hawaiian Islands Australia and New Zealand with final Boston closing times and mailing guidance.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Jamaica
Greytown
Bluefields
Bocas del Toro
Ze Ng Dat Hg Ag Poe
Claribel
New York
Cece
Essrrs
Yucatan
Caimpeche
Tabasco
Chiapas
Fortune Island
Hayti
Andes
Belgium
Netherlands
Rotterdam
Hne
Norway
Danmark
Newark
France
la Normandie
Ireland
Britain
Holland
Germany
Austria
Denmark
Sweden
Russia
Turkey
Scotland
Riday
Great Britain
European
Ems
Samaria
Boston
Paar
Cuba
Tampa
Fla
Key West
Society Islands
San Francisco
Hawaiian Islands
Australia
New Zealand
Fiji
Samoan
Alandia
Also Mentioned on This Page
Cunard Line
Urday Jay, Calle
Queenstown
Cork
Pavonia
Catalonia
Cephalonia
Scythia
Simaria
Com
State Street
Alexander Martin
Iy’s
Ageent
Ship News
Tourspay
Port OF
Brown
H & A Allen
de Ruyter
Arften
Vie New York
Gill & Loo
Itt
Thayer & Lincoln
Schs Springbird
Cameron
Dorchester
J L Sullivan
Westfield
Kelyea
Hatheway & Co
Narcissis
Heisler
Lunenburg
Colby
Eastport
H Kilby
Spartan
Ancona
Ar Dee 4
Sch Charlotte
le Conteur
Marine Notes
Baltimore
Charles W Church
Barry
Providence
Edith E Seward
Travers
Wilmington
J B Atkinson
Donahue
Brunswick
CG Lane
Erinburgh
Elwood Harlow
King
Orion
Wiley
Oakland
Mercidita
Seamer Miranda
Leseman
Till Cove
Grazia
Trapani
Newport News
Schs
Mand Sherwood
Horatio
Cape Elizabeth
Cape Cod
Jacob M Haskell
Godfrey
Matanzas
Laura Messer
Gregory
Lungs Dolores
Cisa
Ataulfo
Gonzales
Barcelona
Henry P Simmons
Samuel Lewis
Robbins
R Smith
Lynn
Hattie King
Emma McAdam
E C Gates
Ellan
Barter
Julian Bailey
Octis
Charles Morford
Ashdell
San Felin de Guixola
James Boyce
Capulet
H v Shears
Lewis
Ocean Kins
Carthagena
Orinoco
Stitts
Standard
Pilgrim
Martha Davis
Tijilat
Java
Chas Luling
Amsterdam
Adam Gould
ETG
Jose E More
Cienfuegos
Jose D Berens
St Jago
Mousita
Lentadora
Pernambuco
Retriever
Harbor Breton
Wm Hayes
Irvin
Bempuda
Fraser
St Martins
Winthrop
Krags
Alert
Kavitz
Inagua
Saale
Richter
Adriatic
Marsala
Maass
Bolivia
Kaempff
State of Nebraska
Iaes
Manhattan
Havana
John Harvey
Thomas Keillor
Jose Bueno
Leonhard
Kilg Daylight
Foster
Bridgetown
Nassau
Etna
Munroe
Hart
Sland Roads
Nehemiah Hand
Hawiey
Croix
Otter
Sarah A
Sydney
Canada Atlantic Steamship Co
Malifax
A. Dew. Sampson
L. H. Palmer
Old State House
THE
Yarmouth Steamship CO
Nova Scotia
Frida
St. John
N. B
Digby
Annapolis
Kentville
Windsor
Davison
South Shore
City of St. John
Ealing
Barrington
Shelburne
Lockport
Walter Hall
John G. Hall & CO
Chatham St
Thomas Cook & Son
Washington St
W. H. Eaves
Parker House
Azores
Sarah
L. R. Hale
Trin
T. A. Adams & CO
India Wharf
Sale
Cnet
C.F. William
Gloucester
Boston & Gloucester Steams Boat Company
North Side Central Wharf
North River
Neo
Soth
Cates
H. M. Whitney
India Waart
Boston & Bangor S.S. Co
Foster’s Wharf
State Camden
Belfast
Searsport
Bucksport
Hampden
Bar Harbor
Ellsworth
Southern Pacific Company
Morgan Line
Mississippi
Arizona
New and
Old Mexico
Colorado
BE. Currier
N. E
BE. Hawley
Eastern
Grouadway
Crown Price
Scrivener
Progreso
A. G Lombard
SMS
State St
Allan
Carthaginian
A. Allan
White Star Line
Royal Mail
Atlantic
RED Star Line
E. A. Adams & CO
Broad St
Warren Line
Rowan
Norseman
Postoffice Square
Furness Line
Milanese Rialto
Furness
Water Street
Leyland Line
Bostonian
THA Wer & Lincoln
Clyde
Great Southern FI
S. C
Columbia
Cosy Augusta
Atlanta
Macon
Gar
Kiome
Ida
South Carolina
East River
Boston M
Delaware
Gulf Stream
Mayport
Flaemouth St. John’s River
J. A. Flanders
Theo
G. Eger
Broadway
Cromwell Line
New Orleans Direct
Pier
S. Knickerbocker
S. Louisiana
Hudson
Louisiana
New Mexico
Texas & Pacific Railroad
Ala
Red Rivers
Carornia
Samuel HL Seaman
Norman
Parthian
Long Wharf
Bampson
Noo
Port Royal Brunswick
Associated Railways
Carolinas
Atlantic Coast Line
Seaboard Air Line
Boston & Norfolk Steamship Co
Central Wharf
Pledmont Air Line
Boston & Providence R
Waldo A
Washingtontreet
Boston & Providence Railroad
Waldo A. Pearce
Norfolk and Washington Steamship Line
P. A
Tenn. & Ga
Air Line
Atlantic Coast and Seaboard Air Line
Baltimore & Ilo
Estumore
GEO. E. Bmalley
Gen. Agt
This is just the beginning! Our collection holds over 300 years of history, including rare newspapers, obituaries, marriage records, birth records, and so much more—most of which you won’t find anywhere else!