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Newspaper
Bluefield Daily Telegraph
Location
Bluefield, West Virginia, United States of America
Date
Aug 12, 2014
Page
8
The Panama Canal concept grew from East Coast trade needs as ships sought a shorter route to the Pacific. Early explorers from the U S France England and Colombia faced jungles and tropical dangers, while the isthmus is a narrow land strip with sea on both sides.
The Panama Canal marks 100 years since its August 15, 1914 opening. The American Society of Civil Engineers cites it among seven wonders of the modern world. Early plans by US groups and Ferdinand de Lesseps faced disease, landslides, earthquakes, and rusted equipment as construction stalled in 1889.
The United States backed Panama in its 1903 secession from Colombia, enabling the Panama Canal project. US ships arrived near Colón to deter Colombian forces, while Panama declared independence with minimal fighting. Disease hindered workers, killing thousands. Dr. William C. Gorgas led malaria and yellow fever control, including oil-spraying ditches to kill larvae.
Dr. Gorgas led an anti mosquito campaign draining ponds using netting and fumigants, quarantining sick people, and isolating patients. In one year deaths from malaria and yellow fever dropped sharply. Worker Alfred E. Dottin recalled mosquitoes attacking men by the thousands and fever forcing short work days.
The Panama Canal uses Gatun Locks to raise ships to Gatun Lake then lowers them through Pedro Miguel and Miraflores. Expansion begun in 2007 adds two new locks and wider, deeper channels enabling New Panamax ships up to 161 by 1,200 feet. The Fortune Plum marked the canal’s millionth transit on Sept 4, 2010.
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