Waits and the Night Watch in Medieval Exeter
Historical note on waits or night watch minstrels dating to 1490 in Exeter. The term covered court pages and later town musicians who guarded streets, sang, and collected board wage. Rymer records describe nightly duties from Christmas to Shrove Thursday, including lighting, feasting, and tolls for guards and musicians.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Exeter F
Rymer
Mychelmas
Pyckers
Pillers
Christmas Feasts Through Early English Nativity Pageants
The piece recounts historic Christmas customs from Europe, noting elaborate plays in Rouen with prophets and characters like Moses David and Virgil, and the Norsely folk tale of the ass. It contrasts Puritan bans on merriment with England’s lavish Yuletide rites and the Yule log tradition. It also lists folk beliefs tied to Christmas Eve and day regarding omens, remedies, and superstitions.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Balam
Reims
France
William Howe
Moses
David
Virgil
Rouen
Zacharias
Elisabeth
John the Baptist
Sibyl
Erythree
Simeon
Nebuchadnezzar
England
Sunper
Origins and history of Christmas through ages
The piece traces Christmas from its origins as a late term for Christ’s mass to varied ancient and medieval practices. It notes Epiphany links, dates proposed for Christ’s birth, and how celebrations faced periods of fasting and suppression in England 1644 before revival after the Restoration. It ends with verses from an early seventeenth century poem.
MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE
Jesus of Nazareth
Origen
Egypt
Clement of Alexandria
Canute
England
Canterbury
Also Mentioned on This Page
Sens
Trederich Kulz
Joytalest