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Newspaper
Medicine Hat News
Location
Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada
Date
Jun 11, 2018
Page
12
The text traces water wheel use from ancient Mesopotamia and Han Dynasty China to Roman mills. It notes Niagara Falls first hydroelectric plant in 1879 and Niagara street lamps in 1881. Water power powered mills, pumps, forges and textile works, advancing during the Industrial Revolution before steam dominance.
The first U S hydroelectric plant opened in 1882 at Appleton Wisconsin powering a paper mill and homes. The Three Gorges Dam in China is the world’s largest hydro station. Hydropower accounts for about 10 percent of U S electricity, while Norway generates over 99 percent of its electricity from hydro.
When water stored behind a dam is released it drives a turbine through a valve. The turbine powers a generator to produce electrical power for the grid.
Hydroelectric power remains a key renewable source with about 20 percent of world electricity. China leads production, followed by Canada Brazil and the United States. Untapped resources exist in Latin America Africa India and China. Environmental impacts include land use and habitat changes near dams.
Water wheels power mills and form watermills with different orientations. Horizontal wheels use water from an aqueduct while vertical wheels vary by paddle impact such as undershot overshot breastshot and pitchback. Tide and ship mills illustrate location based classifications.
The Grand Coulee Dam sits on the Columbia River in central Washington. Built from 1933 to 1942, it stretches 5223 feet and rises 550 feet above bedrock. It provides irrigation power production and flood control, generating over 20 billion kilowatt hours annually, with Franklin Delano Roosevelt Lake as its reservoir.
A hydraulic turbine uses flowing water or gas to rotate a shaft. Water strikes blades on the shaft, turning it to drive an electric generator rotor in hydroelectric stations.
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