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r.i*4aTHE JQYS OFMOTHERHOODARE TWO-FOLD,IF MOTH Ejj| AND BABY ARE HEALTHY£lyceofoyny• *Lt“idait.*rsyIffit1-heay?wnohtFAVORITETl-•r-ndip-Isane.•asiss211.ikePRESCRIPTIONen and four machinists \ dng been fully occupied on if during i lat time.MANY HANDS REQII'TRED.But during that time the rest of the workers engaged in the construction ef the balloon have not been Idle. A skilled modeller has been carving out of walnut wood the valve. The valve is a kind of disc, divided through its diameter into two binged parts. The aper- ‘ tures are held by springs, which only yield to pressure. The valve is opened . by merely pulling a string, technically know n as the valve line, which passes down through the balloon and out at the lower orifice, at which the neck i terminates.The same mechanic has also been at ' work on the ring which surrounds the j neck—a simple circle of wood furnished : with pegs to receive the netting with |which the envelope is covered, and hold 1 fast the material. The next thing this |MAKES BOTH MOTHER AND BABYHEALTHY^STRONG.same man makes is the suspension j ring, n much more substantial piece of ! workmanship, which goes above the car and holds the ropes.Speaking of the ropes and the network of cord which surrounds the silk envelope these form two of the most important items in the correct construction of the balloon. It is necessary to ascertain exactly what resistance they will stand. Neither must they be too strong nor too fragile, but exactly right. Al! (U pends on the size and strength of the balloon itself, and | precise mathematical formulae have to be followed in making the -selection of , netting and cord. Needless to say, only the best hempen cord is ever used.The amount of cord used on a single t balloon is extraordinary. This particular one will use up about 7.500 yaFds, and counting all the minor ropes utilized in one way and another, the total ) 1 not be much under five miles.wA Purely Vegetable ami Per* fectly Harmless, Son-Alcoholic and Non-Narcotic ^ Preparation.»ol.owtatKEEPING HOUSEAnd the car? This is the part of a balloon that most troubles the embry- • onic aeronaut. He fancies it could so easily be detached or tipped over, and ] on his first ascent skywards his mind I Is lull lt;f apprehension on this score, i Hut nothing of the kind is possible, j The ropes which support the car are |theestheige■utlerlv«lati y-t“rataIN THE ARMY.all Important Service on tbe Hattie Field Upon Wbica 5Inr.li of tlie Success of a War Depends.Judson Lawrence. Balloonmaker.Could anything appear easier at first sight than to make a balloon, that invention that is playing such an important part in modern warfare? As somebody flippantly remarked: “Allvou haw to do is just to tak** some•fofofng to r ae,of gas and then put some silk around it.’ ne. j But actually the process is a very the difficult and delicate one—necessarily ust I somewhat slow, too—and In this arti-| cl© I propose to take the reader for an he excursion through a modern balloon er« factory, and to give him as clearly as !er- I can some idea of the various stages | in the manufacture of a complete and | perfect aerial machine, ek- The first necessity in the work of | balloon making is naturally to procure ar- 1 the silk. It is a matter for serious con-ive cideration what exact texture of ma--of terial you will employ to carry you into xve the higher atmospheric regions. Vari-w) ous questions have to be taken into ac-an count, chief among them being the proposed size of the balloon. According to the size so the resisting power of the silk -has to be gauged to a nicety. Of course, silk is not always used, cotton and alpaca are cheaper materials, I hut I am describing the making of the •ter i very highest class of balloon—chiefly ng. , used for scientific purposes—so I will xin. j only deal with the one material—silk, one : in this article, on I The test is applied by means of a dynanometer, specially designed for the purpose, which tella Just what strain the fabric will stand. For the “Hercules, the balloon whose construction we are about to watch from first to last, the Index of the dynanometer shows a breaking »traln of over 2,250 pounds. This figure appears to satisfy the operator. So far, so good. The material ought to stand. Now, how much will it take? Ten pieces 95 yards long and one yard wide will give a superficial area of 950 square yards. This, has to be transformed Into a per-Ifeet balloon.BEGINNING THE WORK, ind I One of the very firat operations is to ere. j preparo the diagrams of tbe projected i a balloon and to cut the patterns some-4BdUlynk.lt; it“I:oidLtesal-£3^me,sayhedwhat in tfee same way a tailor ordressmaker adopts. To this end the! material is fixed on a long bench, andlow forty thicknesses are cut out at a time.vithandimorvoven with its wicker work, and run right through the bottom of it, j thus m.tking the car absolutely an in- * tcgral portion of the wl\oU balloon. . THE EAST TOUCHES.Balloons that are made of pure silk have to be varnished with a preparation of linseed oil in order to render the envelope more impervious to the • gas. and also to prevent the too elastic material getting out of shape.This varnishing of the envelope is ! the last operation it undergoes, and it is by no means an easy one. A row otr female workers take hold of the silk- j en envelope an I place It on the ground. They lay it out lengthways, the valve, of course, at one extremity, the neck at the other. They manipulate the huge mass of material until they get it Into something akin to the shape of a long spindle.)Then by their united efforts they raise it—still in this shape—place It on 1 a beneh that runs the whole length of | the varnishing shop, where it is con- ; tided to the charge of the varnlshers, 1 who by means of pads spread over it a j preparation mainly consisting of quick-drying linseed oil. The varnishing process over, the whole of the fabric is then suspended on long -poles attached to the walls of the “shop,'* and Is there left undisturbed for eight or ten days to become thoroughly dry.A silk balloon is generally given five coats of varnish, so it can easily be understood that these operations occu- » py quite a large proportion of the time taken In constructing a balloon.All is now- practically finished. The most delicate of all modern vehicles is ready for its work. The only thing yet necessary is its inflation.When that is accomplished and the aeronaut gives the word, the beautiful air-ship will bound swiftly skywards, the admiration of lt;all beholders, and a delight to its lucky owner.saTo cut through all this material simultaneously a peculiarly shaped and exceedingly sharp in?trurn«»t ha-» to used, and the dexterity with theoperation is performed is amazing. Having cut out^ forty «thick_nesses, you ha;;e forty strips- identical in size an^ gbape, which presently have No.* I to together.~be- 1 It this stage of the proceedings the jack help Of the fair sex is enlisted. A smart-Iloor i at how let-now but rt*h-Mck, 'J’ow, you let-you [ left poorAndMr.rightcon-saidfctinghadhadrhair. l sec-i his[joek-onds.taredlandso the with inlug ellowcorps of willing hands ply the needle and roughly stitch the strips—or gores, as they are technically termed—together. From these needle women the work passes to the sewing machine hands, whose work is just as delicate as thefirst stitching operation is rough. Retween every two stitches by hand the sewing machine makes several hundred. “The strength of the thread used Is, like the material itself, tested by means of a dynanometer, and where the strips are joined, instead of laying the edges one on the other, they are doubled over, or intercalated—to use once more b technical term—thus making the cover particularly secure and strong.The strips are finally put together in sections, and in the balloon whose manufacture we are imaginably watching there are altogether fifty-four sections. A small portion of the upper end of each strip has to be cut away so as to leave an aperture at the top of the balloon from one to three feet in diameter. This space is occupied by the valve.To complete the operation of making the cover or envelope, the colhirs for the valve and the neck have to be constructed. Three strips of the silk are sewn together and fastened firmly to make the collar*. Then the cover isJassy.practically finished, and although thf description does not take long tx read,its manufacture has occupied about twelve davs altogether, #U sutediewox»*
Newspaper Details
Goldsboro Weekly Argus
Goldsboro, North Carolina, US
Thu, Oct 18, 1900
Page 2
Full Page
Clipped by
Anonymous
USA 02 Jun 2022
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