AN ACCOUNT BY A REBEL OFFCER. A. 8. Bazars Co. of New-York have re cently published @ little volume entitled “Thirteen Months in the Rebel Army,” by William G. Stevenson, of that city, Mr. §. was in the@South ‘st the time thé broke out, and v impresed into the rebel service, in which he répainéd thirteen months before he found means to escape within the Federal lines. His observations and experi ence during the times are graphically related and of absorbing interest. At the battle of Shiloh the acted as special. Aid de Camp on the staff of Gen. Breckinridge; axid*the fol lowing is his account of the battle and what transpired before and after the engagement: General ‘Breckenridge, i about the 1st of April, let me know that he would soon wish me to act on his staffes special AiddCanp, and ardvised me to instruct the next officers in command what to do to my absence. But, before proceeding further, let us return to the movements of the Federal army under General Grant, which we left at Fort Donelson in February. During the month of March, this army was transported down the Cumberland and up the Tennessee River in boats, and landed at Pitts burg, near the foot of Muscle Stoals, beyond which large transport boats could not pass.— They cam about twenty miles from Cor inth, Missisippi, and were awaiting Buell’s column, before making an advance on Cor inth. D-serters and scouts gave Beauregard early notice of Grant's flotilla at Pitteburg Landing, about the first of April. Let me here repeat that the rebel army has an incalculable ad vantage over the Federal troops, because fighting on their own evil, and where every man, women, and child is a swift witness against the “chavaders,” Beauregard and Johnson in conjoint com mand, resolved to attack Grant at Pittsourg Landing before Buell should join him. » And here occured one of those accdents, or provi dences, +8 @ Christian man right y regards them, which decided the clarci*er of the contest and its result. Grant was expecting Buell with reinforcements; Beauregard was looking for Prive and Van Dorn, with 3 ,020 Missouri and Arkansas troops, who were coming down White River. They were ex ected to come to Memphis by boat, and to Jorinth by rail, and it was hoped they would reach the Rebel force by Sunday, the 6th of April. Hence our attack was delayed from Faturday the 5th, when we were ready to make it in order to give time ‘or at least the advance guard of our reinforcements to come up. ‘This delay prevented the complete de feat and routnant’s whole face, as the Confederates since believe. I merely give this as their opinion. ~ Indeed, my whole narra tion of events is intended to present the facts as they appeared to those with whom I was constraiied to act. To give as clear a view as possible of the Southern ride of that de structive conflict, let the situation and strength of the rebel army be especially noted. On Thursday, the 3d_of April, the preparations for the atack were completed by the com manding generals. Our army then presented a tront toward Shiloh cross roads and church, which place was occupied by General Grant's advance. O The right wing, commanded by Brevet Major General John OC. Breckinridge, rested at Kurnaville, ten miles east of Corinth, the center commanded by Major General Hardee and Bregg, and the left by Major General Polk and Brevet Major General Hind man, Breckinridge had 11,000 men, Bragg and Hardee about 20,000 Hindman and Polk not far from 1000. The whole Confederate force was afterward Stated in their official reports to be 39,00 men; it probably reached 45,000, but not certainly more. This statement will create surprise, and perhaps denial, but I know whereof Infirm in this. At that time I did not know it, nor did the troops generally have any clear idea of our force. On Friday, the 4th, or¢era reached us, at two P. M., to prepare five days rations, roll up on tents, leave them, and be prepared to march in two hours, with forty rounds of ammunition. At the same time an aid from General Breckinridge ordered me to go to his headquarters, with six reliable men. In a few minutes we answered to the order, every man splendidly mounted, and ready for any mission awhich he should design,is. With his quick eye he affected one for one duty and one for another, until each nod sped away; and turning to me, he said, “You will ac’ a a special 4ic-dz-Oamp.”’ This announce ment I received with especial gratification, as it would relieve’ me of all actual fighting against the Od Flag and give me an oppor tunity to see far more of the progress of the battle which was to ensue than if I were con fined to the ranks. The special danger of the mission to which I was called me is no im prestion upon me. I can not recall any time when I had any fear of falling, but I had nope then. From that hour until the close of the battle on Monday, I was near General Breckinridge, or conveying dispatches to ob ey from him; hence my narrative of the scenes of the next three days will be mainly of what occurred in Gineral Breckinridge’s division, and what I saw while traversing the field of action, which I crossed and recrossed twelve times. On Friday at eight P M., we commenced to move toward Shiloh, vi cience, and with real circumspection, the army on diff-rent, but conversing roads. We made eight miles, and reached Montérey, a little more than seven miles from Shiloh, at 5 o’clock on Saturday morning. Here the different divisions formed a junction, and marched forward prepared for action, though not immediately expecting it. We procerced with extreme caution until within three and a half miles of Grant’s pick ede, ard until our scouts had determined their situation. We could get no nearer without bringing on an engagement, and as General Beauregard had great confidence that the reinforce mets would arrive by morning, the afternoon of Saturday was spent in making all necessary disposition of the forces for an easy and Combined attack on Sunday morning. While it is no part of my duty, in this nar rrative, to criticize military movements, and especially those of the Union forces, I may state that the total absence of cavalry pickets from General Grant’s army was a matter of j perfect amazement to the Revel officers. There were absolutely none on Grants left, where General Breckinridge’s division was meeting him, so that we were able to come up water] heating of their drums entirely unpre ceived. The Southern generals always kept cavalry pickets out for miles, even when no enemy wae snnposes 39 ba mA Sdiphsntaan ale of them. ey raavs for cea were not above of a mile from this , and the 400 flesh' ade Dawa ote aunaanetee 3 ™ DOY quar or army was a fot Baile’ with the ip cate anee ance of B ¥ ‘Every regiment care uly “€gusted, Bo, that no man lost glide from our ranks and put the mon force: on their guard This oted pee a Lae studying * plans of es pe that night, that.I might put the doyak forces on their guard t the fearful ava lanche ready to be upon them LIal realy am that: I would, stand opened once of victory, taken completely at ura apt .cBut the orders were imperative to ale, of no man to leave the ranks, and to shoot e first ma Who Should attempt it on any retente. Then,of the paiure of the growed iwien the opposing forces I knew nothiig ERE we said to be emead by swamps, in many places al ost Tumpastable by daylight, much more 460 Pe. if, then, F should attempt ‘to de : ‘must ru they sbuer bf hare ase: goars, sk the « of ante three Es = Seite whi amma ous n reaching the Pedral lines, of bing 2 she picxets. . | was therefore é 7a co = of sxcape that a ta Simard % © elo ® M: ' ng the principal genera’s, e, but F and B apes daharmlned 9x PECee Om Settg had «id new word, which were listened to with real attention. It may be he had some fore edity of the fate he was to meet on the deltas a someoted ot cat Geant Pa dle, and held his head between hie hands, seems Venpek in the eght O hers reclined ree us po itio What 8 gra study for a Rembmett a Riel the men, Who held the lives of many thousands in their power, p slamming bow beat to‘invoke the saael to harl his darts with the og of the For an hour i aoe Tasted, and as it broke , the generals were ready to re turn to their ive commoddr, I heard General Beauregard, say,—raising his hand and pointing in the direction of the Federal camps, whose drums we could plainly hear,— Gentlemen we sleep in the enemy’s camp to me w night. : i e Con Sata Gecéisls had minute in formation of Genera rant @,posibiep i numbers .. This.knowledge..was a Reel tough pice and informers, some of whom lived in that part of the country and knew every foot of the ground. Yet that was a dreary night to prepare for the dreadful battle of imeenciness — were already weary, hungry, and cold. No fires were allowed, except in holes in the ground, over Wich the soldiers bent wi their blankets round their shoulders, striving to catch and concentrate the little hearth, struggled up through the bleak April air. Many a poor fellow wrote his last sentence in his _note-book that night by the dim light of there smothered fires, and sat and talked in under tones of Abmié;* *wife,‘and mother, sis ter or sweetheart. © Promises were made to take care of each other, “if wounded, or sad word done if slain; keepsakes were looked at again for the last time and silent prayers we offered tho ae pet to look abové.— What an awful th'ng is wer!’ Here lay, al most ‘within cannon that of one another, eighty or ninety thousand men—brothers of tthe same race oo, nation, many of them blood relations; thousands of them believing in the same Saviour, and worshiping the same God, their prayers meeting that night at the throne of Heavenly Grace;—yet wait ing for the light of the holy Sabbath that they may see how most surely to destroy one another! And yet the masses of these have no ill feeling. It is human butchery, at the bidding of, such-conspirators. _Upon them be all the blood shed! A fearful guilt is theirs! What sleep the men could get on the cold, damp ground, with little protection or fire, they secured during the early part of Satur day night. .On Sunday morning, the 6th of April, we were under arms and ready to move by three o'clock. General Hardee, one of the bravest men in the Confederate service, led the advance and center, and made the attack,, Had I not, been exiled to staff duty, I should have been in the advance with my company. * Glad was I that I was not called to fire up to the uhsus pecting scldiere of my Northern home. As the day-dawned wer would tear the musketry, first in cropping shots, then golley after vol ley, as the battle grew hotter, little after daylight we passed General Beau regard and steff, who were then overs mile in fear of the troops engaged. Hoa, ad dressed each brigade as it passed, assuring them of a glorious victory, telling them to fight with perfect confidences, as he had 30,000 men available, who should come into action as fast as needed; and whenever reinforce ments were wanted, Beauregard would be there. This boast of 80,000 men the officers knew to be fake, he had not a man over 55, 000; but 98, he expected 30000 under Price and Van Dorn he counted them in, and added 10,000 more to strengthen confidence. ‘But neither he nor any other Confederate general as any se‘ence for say such statements “Military pecegaity’’ ‘will justify any course they choose to take in advancing their cause. As if we passed Beauregard, a few minutes of ‘double quick” brought our division to Grant's advance pickets, who had been sur prised and cut, down by Hardee's cavalry. This was then first time many of the soldiers had ever seen men killed in battle, and they stepped carefully around the dead bodies and sreemed to shudder at the sight, . General Breckinridge observing it, said quickly, ‘Never mind thin, boys, preeg op!” Before night, those who remained walked over dead bodies in heaps without a shudder. We soon reached an open field, about eighty rods wide, on the further side of which we could see the camps, and the smoke of battle just beyond. We here made a sharp détour to the right, and pepese broken range of hills, pressing on for nearly a mile. Here we took a position just in front of General Albert Sidney John son ard craft, and awaited order after Breckinridge rose up to General Johnson, and after conversing in a row tore for a few minutes, Johnson said, cothé? Mmady heart it, “I will lead your bigade into the fight to day; for I failed to chow these Tenrestans and Katuchiane that Tam no coward in Poor general! you were not allowed “hewriv ilege We then advanced in line of batle, and Gereral L’atham’s brigade was engaged first. ‘ Boye,” said Breckinridge, “we must take that battery which is shelling Statham WAI you do it?’ A wild shout of “Ay, ay sir,’ and “Forward to take that battery,’ war the word; but before we reached the ground it was withdrawn. We now adanced, cautiously, and soon entered the camp of the 71st Ohio Volunteers. By this time, ten o'cock A. M . the batte seemed to be raging along the whole line, . A part of the original plane battle was to bsve space seven hundred yards wide between Breckinridge’s: ft am Harde’s right, and thus invite Gart’s men into a trap. They refued to be entrapped, and keeping their treat unbroken Breckinridge Bentle to General Johnson formed instruc tions. When I had come within about ten runa of Johinson’staff, @ ehell burst in the air about equiditant from myssel and the staff. The missiles of death seemed to fill the air in every dixcion, and almost before the fragments had found their resting place, I reine my horse ard ealuted. General John sor, who was in front of his staff, had turned away his horse away leaning a little ie ward, pressing his right-knes inet the caddie. In a safe ard Before the dis patch was delivered, the staff discovered that their leader was wounded, and hastened to his acustance. A piece of the shell, whose frag ments had flown go thick around me and came up, had struck his thigh half way be tween his hip and knee, and cut a wide path through, severing the femoral artery had he been instantly taken from’ his horse and a lourniquet applied, he might perhaps have been saved. ‘When reproached by Gov enor Hartis, chief of staff and his brother-in law, for concealing his wound, while his life blood was ebbing away, ‘he replied with true nobility of souly,‘My life is worth nothing to the success of this charge; had Leeann sesmmaantes , when the troops were,paces umig have crea ted a panic Gerd, perhaps defeat. In ten min utes after he was fifred from his horse he ceas ied to breathe.: Thus died one of the bravest generals in the Rebel army My dispatch was taken by Colonel Wichliffe made handed to Harris, who direct d me ‘o take it to Gen eral Beaureanid. When he had read it, he asked— “Why, i wou mot take this to General “Edie, = to bring it to me?” id ne 6 “General Jchneob is dead, gir.” “How do you know ?” = *T caw him die ten minutes ago” feidule. estes ai tated two dipateh’ thic no ne to Governor Hercis and one to Sanna oe , telling eee conceal the eat in, i ~ to peak of wy ce O far. te der of is desth was circulated, the officers denied t, some affirming that, it was Governor Johnson of Kentucky who was killed, oth Piehighi~Rouk abotheredly how Ie f his death till they reached Corinth. When I returned to General Breckinrage’s re they had advanced a half a mile and ere fariously enges within aye with both cen arms and artillery.— ee eg ee eS munition and to re-form, their pace being i of..Louisiana. bors i's rendth As iepaet tmabore Be met a scete ek lives in _ ae it were but yesterday. . Thad just Oiled me cant én ata spring, and I turned from_i ee ee Federal: dan think oe a : alely wont ic, “he t of ae an ying da both leas, hig cead horse lying om ° 6 ot nea Poitiers limbs, cannon ball bed throngs hig horse and both of his ehsse looked pleadingly for a drink, buthe anergs to ark it of an enemy, as he supposed me be. It came up to him, and said, **You seem to nabs badly wounded, sir; will you have some water?’ , ‘Oh, yes,” said he; “but I feared to ask you ‘or? ie dlaid “Because I expected no favor of..an_ en emy. . _.. Two other men “coming by, L.called them to aid in re moyie the bal h from his wounded limb, t hey did so and then passed up; but I seemed bold to him as by a spell. His manly feet and rorency bearing, when enffering so terrible, charmed me. I ceaned his critten,edjusted his head, arrranged his mapped legs.to am easy posture, supporting them by leaves stuffed under the blanket on which we had laid him. In the mean time he took out his watch and money,and request ed me. to hand in his pistols from his sad dle bolters, awaredf me to take as eome one might rob him, and I was the onl one who had shown him kindness. I decline and wrapping them up in.in blanket,” them under his head, telling him:the fortunes of war might yet bring his own troops to his side. .: some overcome, and, said, “My friend, why this kindness to an en emy, 7 I gave him another draught of water, I said, “I am not the enemy I seem,’’ and press ing this hand I walked quickly on. He could not live long, but I hope his friends found him,as they swept back over the ground the next day, I soon found a splendid horse, and rode to General Beauregard for orders, and reached my own General about four o’clock P.M. I found that the Federal troops had fallen back more than a mile, but were still fiercely con tending for the ground. The rebels were confident of victory and pressed them at every point. I had scarce time to mark the condi tion of thirg*, however, until I was again dispatched to the Commander in Chief. I had but fairly started, when I was struck on the right tire by a piece of a shell a’mo3: spen', which came hearending my earthly career. My first feeling after the shock was one of gibders and blindness, then ,of partial re covery, then of deathly sickness. «I succeeded in getting off rather than falling from my horse, near the root of a tree, where I fainted and lay incensible for nearly an hour. Af lergib, I recovered so far ant be able to re mount my base, whore bridle I had somehow held all the time, though unconsciously. I had ridden but a few rods when a murket-ball peesed through the neck of this, myse and horse, but, to my surprise, he did not fall im mediately. A tremor ran through his frame, which I felt, convinceng me that he was mor tally wounded. I dismounted and stood watching him. He even sank on his knees, and then slowly lay down on his side. As his life-bood ebbed away, his eye lazed, and making a less futile effort to rise, I fell back again and died with a groan, al most like the ast agonies of a human being. The pain of my side and my knee, which was never entirely free from pain, grew worse, and I saw that unolose I found surgical attend ance and rest, I would soon be exhausted . In making my way to the general hospital, which was stablished on the ground where the bat le coomenced, I met one's Advertege. Nor is It 3 understood why te permuit was not pressed. A rapid and per sistent persuit would have created a compléte rut thec now, broken, weary, and dispirited rebels. Two hours more of each fighting as Buell’s fresh men conld have mate, would have demoralized and destroyed Beauregard's army.» Forceme reason this: weg not done, sad night closed the battle, bout five o'clock T requested permission to ride on toward Corinth as I was faint and weary, and, from the palm in my side and knee, would not be able to keep the saddle much longer. This was granted, and I made a detour from the road of which the army was retreating, that I might travel faster and thtead of the chain body. In this ride of flve miles alongside of the routed army, I saw more of human agony,and woe than I trust I will ever again be called on to wit nets. The retreating host wound along a narrow arch almost in passable rod, extend vane seven or eight wiles in length.— Here was a long line of wegons loaded with wee piled in like bags of grain, groan ing and cursing, while the mules plunged on in mud and water boil - dep, the water some ties coming into the wagons. Next came a suregeling reg'ment of infantry pressing on — the train of wagons, then a stretcher reupon sheehou'drs of four men, carry ing a wounded officer, then soldiers stagger ing along with an arm broken and hanging down, or other fearful wounds which were enough to destroy life. And to add to the hor ture of the scene, the elements of heaven marsh and their forces,— a fitting accompani ment of the impest of human deflation and passion which was raging.. A eld, drizzing rain commenced about nightfall, and soon came harder and faster, and then turned to pitiless bitching hail. Pip: storm raged with unrelenting violence for three, hours, — I pasted Jorg wacon train, filled with wound ed and dying soldiers, without evens blanket to shield them from the driving sleet and bail, which fell in stones a9 large es par'ridge cee, until it lay on the ground two inches etp. . _ Some three hundred men died during that pwdl retreat, and their bodies were thrown out to make room for others who, although wounded, had struggled on through the storm, hoping to find shelter, rest, and medi cal care. By eight o'clock at night I had passed the whole retreating column, and I was now in advance, hoping to reach Corinth, still four miles ahead. But my powers of endurance bench remarkable were exhausted, and I dismounted at a deserted cabin by the way side, scarcely able to drag myself to the door way. (redeurgeon was tending some wounded men who had been sent off the field at an early hour of the first day. To his question, ‘Are you wounded?” I replied that my wound was slight, and that I needed re freshment and sleep more than surgical aid. Procuring two ha'd-crackere and a oy of rye coffee, I made a better meal than I had ,eten in three days, and then lay down in a vacant room and slept. Bek Whin I awoke it was broad daylight, and the room was crowded full of wounded and Bring mer, 60 thickly packed that I coud hardly stir. I was not in the same place where Staclain Gown; but of my change of pace and of the dreadful scenes which had occurred during the night, I had ‘not the slightest know ¢dge. . . As I became fully awake and sat up, the surgeon turned to me and said, “Welly*you are alive at last. I thought nothing, but an earthquake would ‘wake’ you. e have eithert bo about lke a log, and you ‘never roaned or showed any sigs of life. Men have mpled on you, dying men have groaned around you, and yet you slept as soundly less babe in ite cradle. here is your end?” Savanna eer How.I érdured the horrors of tha‘ night, later how I was entirely unconcious of them and slept’ refreshingly through them, in to,me a@ mystery. But so it was; and it termed to be the turning-point of my knee- BSd, as it his never. troubled’ me so much ace, I rode on to Corinth, where I changed tlother, bed a bath and breakfast, and found ‘a hoepital and a surgeon’ ‘He decided that I wasnnft for cuty,and I must take a pace among the huvalids . After dressing my wound, he dvised rest, I slept agein for six hours, and Fhe the afternoon a'meet a well man, as I hought. Thus ended my courier cervice- and I then solved-hst po earth'y powir should e ver tee mié in‘o another battle against the Gay gery ard’rwhich It was born; and [ have ept my resolution. i Genere] Beaursgud’s official dispatch of erecond day's battle, given below...wan a cry Leat attempt to cover up'a de‘eat. It ‘the general’ opinion of the people in Be Bout as t the batte of Pittsburg Tank z ‘Corres {Toesday, April 8, 1862 'Fo the Secretary of War. Richmond: terefee gained a great and glorious bre ach to ten thousand peater, and Shirts. ieces.of cannoe. trinforeed or we Telited to our retrenchment a week Geta which ‘we can hold. . Less heavy “BEAD REGARD.” ae 0 Wounded were were Ower ar ivite te be in lara, t breod. Ith joltin oF h wagons, aan ied her of the fearful night, that many were far gone, for relief. Baa. Ihed, while at chool in New York, fre vetted the hospitls, and also attended two piece of medical lectures, had gained a little knowledge of wounds and their treat ment. This fact, and s special fondness if not aptitude for that study, decided my future .One f y first care was for the members of the e state that commanded during the long Tevwreat from Nashville; ibenes I went out to ask them. Meeting them a short distance from Qerinib, I had them taken to a hospital es tablished in en ucfiniehéd buck church in the north end of the town, and here I re gene, # giving them all posible care and at ntion . Next gorhin oe Dr. Nott, Surgeon one of the elt DAs vision of the Con federate Service, appointed me as Assistant Surgeon on his staff. The scarcity of Sur s to met the immense demand, and, per elitsle skill shown in ee eee, had secured metal pootnee on t fobewing Fa. April 12, “hapeisinas an bosorsms from the army, 02 at court of my wounds, but in my posi tion of a Surgeon, is a civilian” ap pointmen t. During the ten days I remained at Corinth the town was a perfect Aceldama,though all was done that could be to save life and alle viate suffering. Many of the best surgeons in the Bouth arrived in time to render valua ble assistancate:the army surgeons’ in their mus duties, . Among these mee i named Surrell Pi Rica Hargis and Bald wich of Miessippi,, Rich n of New Oc keans, Laesne of Alabama, with m others of high reputation. During the wed following the battle the wounded were brought in by the hundreds, and the surgeons were overs asked. About 5,000 wounded men, demanding iortant and constant attend ance, made a call too preat'ts bs met suctést fally.° Auch larger proportion of ampu tation 8 was performed than would have been necessary if the wounds could have received earlier attention. On account of exposures, many wounds were gangrenous when the pa tients reached the repital. In these cages delay was fatal, and an operation almost equally so, as tetanus often followed speedily. ere amputation was Penipaegacs eight out of ten died. The deaths in th averaged fifty per day for a week after the battle . While the surgeons, as a body, did their duty nobly, there were some, yonny mem, appar ently just out of colleges who performed dif ficult operations with the assurance and as sumed skill of practical surgeons, and with little recerd for human life or limb. In a few days e ysipelas broken and number 3 died of it. _ Pneumonia, typho fever, and measles followed, and Corinth was one entire hospital. As soon as possible, the wounded who could be removed were sent off to Columbus,Okalora, Landerdale Springs, and elsewhere, and some relief was thus ob tained. We were also comforted by the ar rivelefs corps of nurses. Their presence acted iken charm. Order emerged for cha os, and in a few hours all looked cleaner and really felt better, from the skill and industry of a few devokd women. A pleasant in stance of the restraint of woman’s presence upon the roughest nature occurred in the hos pital I was attending. A stalwart back wood saen was suffering from a broken arm, and had been venting his spleen upon the doctors and male nurses by continued profan ity; but when one of his fellow sufferers ut tered an oath, while the “Siaters’’ were near mine string to the comfort of the wounded, he sharply reproved him, demanding—“Have you to more mériere than 10 swear in the presence of laties?”’ All honor to those de voted Sisters, who, fearless of bharter and disease, sacrificed every personal comfort to alleviate the sufferings of the sick and wound ed aver this terrible battle. An instance of most heroic endurance, if not of fool herdy stoicism, such as has few parallels in history, occurred during the con test, which deceive; mention, _Brigadier Gineral. Gladden, of South Carolina, who was in General Bragg’s command, had his left arm shattered by a bill on the first day of the fight. Amputation was performed hastily by his staff surgeon on the field; and then instead of being taken to the frear, for quiet, and nursing, he mounted his hore againet te most earnest remonstrance of a bis rif, and continued to command. On Monday, he was again in the saddle, and kept it during the day; om Tucedly, he rode on horseback to Corinth, twenty miles from the scape of action.iard continued to discharge the dutred of an offer. On Welneedar, a secord aptiiat'on wag neces when Gen eral Bragg sent en sid to ark,if he would not be relived from commat dé. To whiss he re plied “Give General Bragg my comm'mets, and say that General Gledden will only give ng his command to go into his coffin. “Against the remonstrates of personal friends,” and the positive injunctions of the surgeons, he Terusied ieitting up in his chair, receiving dispatches and giving directions, til Wednes day a‘ternoon, when Ice jawee’z d him, and he died in a few moments. A sad end was this, for a man possessing many of the no blest and most exalted characteristica.