TOPEKA, Kan. (AP) — Rob ert Dole, Republican national chairman and U.S. senator from Kansas has been divorced by his wife in Shawnee County District Court here in an emer gency petition action. Judge Adrian Allen said Phyllis Dole filed an emergen cy petition for divorce Tuesday afternoon and the divorce was granted later in the day. Mrs. Dole, 46, sought the di vorce from her husband of 23 years on grounds of in compatiblity. Dole, 48, had signed an entry of appearance in Miami, Fla., Jan. 10 which provided that he need not be present for the ac tion. Custody of their 17-year-old daughter, Robin, was granted to Mrs. Dole. Mrs. Dole also received an undisclosed amount of alimony and child support. Mrs. Dole was represented by attorneys Sam Crow of Topeka and Bernard Fensterwald of Washington. Dole was repre sented by Roy A. Swaze of Fairfax, Va., and James Bierbower of Washington.