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.....jitions defended in this chapter, maintain. ifeja they reached Si. AegusHne.nveihlaterch•rd-rls-cie-are two species of Churcb-mernbership corresponding to t!fe two senses of the lernichufrch—-an/n-vjsib'le membership in the Church Catholic or spiritual, and a tisible membership in a particular Church. They maihtain that Churches are boUfid to muke baptism a pre-retjuisitb tb the latter Species of membership, and also to a participation of the Lord’s Supper. If these propositions have been fairly and fully demonstrated, as it appears to me they have been,, the doctrine of Strict mmunion has been incontrovertiblv established.[7*o be Continued.*] %^omtfte Religion8 Herald.:stSOUTHERN TOUR IN THE YEAR 1844.BY J. B. JETER.ustine is the oldest town in the United States, settled by the Spaniards, imtier Pedro Men-almost half a ceutur^Kfbre the settlementjd «n tlVa. It is situated 911 the Southern pointeninsuln, formed jjy, Matanzas Sound,ghheditI,vv . • tlsir tuiF,During other whe the walls of with a har belles could without s tarian age and piilvenfc merce. Th comfortableit from Anastasia separates it from tl crossing each other at right 4of lhoni serpen tilVT of Spanishes wefe forbid.c town. The sire Smooth thortar, cnlies111and St. Sebas-main land. Thee verv 11 a r- *their course.■rule, waggons and come within re then covered BGy, and the hVn to the other. Hut in the utili-Joalk from one end theii whitafkid shoes Succeeded, thekTj^hbv crrist *.vas crushed\ the unpoetic wheels of com-y old, infirm and 11 fill, aflei having affordedmmanycomfort secmg ^consumpj10wever, a few ncal, ier,c i of refined and generous 11Pa addings are a ltomish Church,P11 } Sr beauty, capable of seating fd cen(a small Protestant Episcopal Chur P0,1 larger Presbyterian Church, togethejmmodate about as many more—a Cou .rich the Post-office is kept—and the U. gn which 400 troops are stationed. A s Square, lying between the Romish and Epif n/vn*nino O C I 11 » r\ 11 \1nillllVl mit fc)H IpPlI,hnpatients lingering underfe of the same malady.tl pleasant dwellings, hospitality, The without magmfi-G00 worship-1, and a sonic-sufficient to IIouso, in S. barracks,1 Publiftm.copalChurches, contains a stuccoed Monument, 20 leet and of a pyramidal form, with the words inscribed each side, 44 Plaza tie la Constilucion.” It was ere! in 1812, in honor of the Constitution granted by Spanish Cortez. The town is built mainly of what Spaniards termed Coquina* It is a stone former small sea-blvelVs, nrrcl imminence beds On Artnfclasii and. It is cut from the quarries in blocks and liarHere-tUey tvere supplied^with provisions,Oheir Ofeedofh was established, and fi place north of the town assigned for thefr lesidcnco. Tyranny and disease had greatly thinned their ranks. Of 1500, and their natural increase, only GOO were remaining in 1776, when their bonds were broken/ The Minorcans are now a numerous portion of the population oi this place. Afew of them have risen to opulence,are poor and indolent, but temperate in their habits, having few wants and supplying them mainlv by catching fish and oysters, and cultivating small gardens. They are of the Romish communion, and generally ignorant and superstitious. They have a tradition among them, 1 hear,that when i urnbiill, their oppressor,died, that the devil carried him off bodily ; they are convinced that he deserved this fate.At the north end ol the town stands fort Marion, comm and ing the entrance to the harbor. It is built of Coquina, or shell stone, from Anastasia Island. The walls are four feet thick, twenty-one feet high, and sufficiently capacious to accommodate a thousand men. It was formerly surrounded by a wide and deep ditch, which was filled with water from St. Sebastian’s. It is said to be a good specimen of military architecture. Within the walls are many dark and well secured cells. The following inscription, under the Spanish Arms, and over the principal gate,I insert from Williams’ llistorv of Florida, for the benefit of those who can translate it.Reynando cn Espana cl son Don Fernando sexto, y siendo Dover nador y Captan General di esta Plaza desan Augustin, de Florida, y su Provincia el Mariseni deTampo Du Alonzo Fernandez de Heredia se conduyo cste castillo el ano. de 175G, dirigiendo las obfas el rnpitati ynginero Don Pedro de Bra2as y Garay.'Phe fort is not at ptesent manned. Some old and rusty cannon are lying on the walls. A part of the fortress is used as a common jail. In case of waf it Woulil prove a strong and im-portanjjjcje n ce^_i n a v c es s i b;these1k 111' I lie fort?’icy evered by exposure to the sun. There is neither granite | used by the Inquisition? On this subnor limestone, nor any other kind o' stone in the vicinity, and this supply of Coquina is an instance of the remarkable care of Providence to meet the Wants of hiscreatures in every land.St. Augustine once stood in a grove of orange trees.Some of them were 18 inches thick, and yielded 4.000oranges in a season. The chief support oi the placearose from the exportation of oranges. If) Feb. 1835,(well do I remember the time,) a severe frost destroyedthe groves, then covered with the delicious fruit. This^vas asad calamity. It despoiled the place at once of itspride and wealth. 'Phe orange trees, however, sprangup from the roots of the old groves, nrfd grew rapidly.11 The young trees were beginning f hear fruit, when they 11 were attacked by an insect, Hieh spread devastation among them. An enemy l/^en'tly risen tip to punish the depredators. A to/fa, i is feeding on them, and hopes are entertainer^distant day, *M. Augustine will be again Wetted by beMrange groves. The Florida orange^ arge, well flatted, and com-mand a read/.sale/in k./lt;pmarket. jL.The Maiai'f’s^affords a good haibor^fof hife town ; but there \sti\o commerce, either loreietDor domestice}-:sno manufact no back c States gf dence o furniscdprogress—andThe Uniteds, and the resi-ptive patients,am.^its, espe-rofanity. Theconsists of w hites irds of the people,RomanNQalholic, and .thellv under PresbyterfeQ,Jipiscopd, ence. There is neither Baptist nor ^odist preaching in the place, and the few attached these denominations are mostly colored.. The town was originally settled by Spaniards, and their tasc is eveiywhere visible in the form and arrangement of the houses, and in the plan of the town ; but in dress, manners and language,, it has been thoroughly Americanized. But few families of pure Spanish extraction are now remaining. 'Phe Minorcans are more numerous, and they retain more rigidly their national peculiarities. 1 must furnish a brief history of this singular class of people.In the year 1767, Dr. Turnbull sailed to the Mediterranean and engaged 1500 Greeks, most Minorcans, to return with him to Florida, for the purpose of forming a new seitlement. They had a long and perilous voyage, and many of the immigrants died on die passage. Turnbull, procuring from the Governor of Florida a I grant for GO,000 acres of land, opened a settlement at a place which was named New Smyrna. 'The Doctor not only failed to fulfil the stipulations on which the Greeks had been induced to accompany him to Florida, but reduced them by means of a few Italians, to a state of abject slavery.ly fed, not clothed at all, and lor slight offences cruelly punished. They were 75 miles from St. Augustine, entirely unacquainted with the country, and cut off from all intercourse with the world. For nine years theii bitter bondage continued. By chance they heard of St. Augustine, and deceiving their overseers, vde£patched three of their number to this place. In a short time the messengers returned, bringing the tidings they were all free, and should receive aid from the Governor. Immediately they appointed a leader*, armed themselves with Clubs and ftommfenced their journey to Si. Augustine. They had proceeded several miles before theii design was suspected. Turnbull overtook them before they reached their place of destination, and made them liberal offers to return ; but they haled the place of their captivity, and scornfully rejected his oifeis. In threei-ject I could obtain no certain information. One point must be conceded; the Court of Intjuisitfoh was inauthork ty throughout the Spanish dominions long after the completion of the fort.It is reasonable to conclude that it was organized in St. Augustine. It needed a prison for the confinement antorture of its convicts. The numerous dark and inaccessible cells of the fortress were admirably suited to the purpose, and no other building lined for this object is found in the place. The lact that the fortress was mainlv a mili-tary JioAt wilt weigh but little against the conjecture in the estimation of those who consider bow c losely, under the Spanish government, the ecclesiastical and secular interests were united. Indeed the secular were subservient to the spiritual, ll the Inquisitors found it convenient to use the fort for their purposes, it was doubtless at their disposal. It would be quite natural for the Romanists, on the transfer qt the 'Territory to the United States, to endeavor to obliterate every vestige of the Inquisition. They could nothave been ignorant of the strong feeling of indignation which prevailed among the Anglo-Saxons against the Institution ; nor were they likely to provoke that feeling by preserving the proofs of its existence. Now for the application of this remark :•—The N. Eastern corner of the fort was supposed for many years to he solid. It appeared to have been filled up with stones or sand Co afford, within the wall, at the proper height, a firm foundation for the play of artillery : chance at length revealed the mistake. An arch suddenly caving in, brought to light a number of gloomy passages and cells, beside those already known to exist, and which were probably employed for military purposes. The euiions then sought to find the entrance to these concealed habitations. After some search they discovered that the door from within the fort had been carefully bricked up and plastered over, so as to conceal it horn the most rigid scrutiny. In one of the cells wae found a wooden frame with some curious nppcridages, supposed at thetimt to be a bedstead, but subsequently con-They were severely tasked, sparing- jjectured to have been aiack, or instrument ot torture. It is said also, as-it»ga-iyrsheU-utskeleton was found with shoes on.— As to the contents of the cells, I had to lely on traditional and not very certain information ; but as to the existence of this subterranean and concealed pri*-. on, I needed no belter evidence than the sight of my own eyes. Could these gloomy cells speak, they truimake startling disclosures ; but tney are silent. No faithful pen recorded the deeds Of the Inquisition—that monstrous production of bigotry, despotism and intolerance. Its deeds ofcruelty, bfood and licentiousness, tho’ /» » - ••— — ■ T* -------unrecorded on enitJT arc registeicd on
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Penfield Christian Index
Penfield, Georgia, US
Fri, Feb 28, 1845
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