small pelvic ring might have a very large baby, in particular a baby with a very large head.City life was. beginning to have its effect upon women. And most important of all, the crowded, filthy conditions of the Middle Ages were making infections commonplace. Remember that the Middle Ages were the periods of the great plague^, The Black Death or bubonic plague decimated the world. Typhus raged everywhere; so did smallpox and many other diseases. At the end of the 15th Century, syphilis made its appearance in Europe and swept across the land like wildfire.How terrible conditions became can be judged from the fact that in 1580 a law was passed in Germany to prohibit shepherds and herdsmen from attending cases of childbirth. Surgery in those days was beneath the dignity of the medical profession and so when a Caesareanoperation was necessary, it was entrusted to a barber.Imagine that operation, performed with no adequate knowledge of surgery, no anesthetic of any sort, j and no slightest notion of the im-| porfcance of cleanliness, since the i germ theory of disease: was as yet | unknown, and you have some, notion of the terrible plight of the mother. ' .Because the knowledge of podalic version was lost, ignorant midwives, aided by tlie bloody bar-ber-surgeons, often killed babies that could not be born normally and removed them piecemeal.Such were the good old days.”NEXT: The world advances