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Hub Man’s InventionChange%The Berliner helicopter, the new type of airplane that experts predict will revolutionize the whole science of flying. This machine can rise perpendicularly, and after it has reached a certain height the operator can adjust the propellers so that it can move along at a horizontal plane, (c) Harris and Ewing.Continued From Page 41a man and fly forward||by tilting of thepropellors.He spent several months in constructing a scientific testing apparatus with which he tried various types of small lifting propellors, singly or in gioups, and he finally designed the first helicopter apparatus that proved successful. He was the first to fly In a helicopter, and the chievement was so recognised by the French scientific paper ‘La Nature* of May 7, 1921.City Roof* for Flying Field*This machine weighed 670 pounds, and the revolving cylinder motor was an 80 h. p. Le Rhone. The twin propellors were 13 feet in diameter and 10 inches wide, and the total perfectly steady lift was near 900 pounds, or GO pounds per square foot of effective lifting surface. An aeroplane has an average lift of about eight pounds persquare foot.The present machine weighs withthe aviator about 1300 pounds. The motor is a 110 h. p. Le Rhone. The twolifting propellors are two-bladed andare each 14 feet,in diameter.The machine rises straight up from the ground and by tilting it forward it flies horizontally. The tilting is accomplished by a small horizontal pro-pellor located at the tail end of theapparatus.It will make quite feasible the utiliza-lion of rotffs of office buildings andhotels, the grounds of country estatesand the decks of vesels as startingand landing grounds. An air station on the roof of the Little Building becomes at once a possibility.Adi the space that the Berliner helicopter needs to take off and land is little more than that of its over-all measurements. It places an entirely new aspect on warfare, since it can hover over any given spot and be virtually invisible because of the blurring effect of the propellors which keep it in suspension in the air.Ayiation experts are agreed that its development to the point of perfection must revolutionize flying, civil andmilitary alike.One of these experts when askedhis opinion of the device after observing it in a test flight, repeated what Francesco Lana, son of a noble Roman family, bom in ft31, and a renowned scientist of his time, wrote in explaining why his project for flight by means of an aerial ship supported by vacuum globes would forever be 1 an impossibility.I Other difficulties I do not forsee that could prevail against this invention, save only one, which to me seems the greatest of them all, and that is, that God would surely never allow sucha machine to be successful, since it would create many disturbances inthe civil and political governments of mankind.No city would be proof against attack, as the aerial ship hovering above it could destroy houses and fortresses, and set fire to ships at sea, by fireballs and bombs.Preliminary flignt tests were conducted during the winter of 1919-’20 on the estate of Charles Corby, near Rockville. Md.By placing the usual hydroplane floats under the machine, it becomes a hydrocopter, which will be able to rise straight up from the water instead of^ wThis sketch shows how the Berliner helicopter is propelled forward by tilting propellor. At an inclination of 15 degrees the loss in lifting power is less than 3 per cent, and the horizontalpush is 25 per cent of the lifting power'in 10 Minutesi HousewivesBoiling*, Retains All the i Same Amount of Fruittains no gelatine or preservative. Housewives have received it with open arms because it so certain, so economical, so simple, and so useful. They are recommending it to all their friends. Get a bottle of Certo with Certo Book of Recipes containing the above and nearly 100 other recipes, from your grocer• • a • _The first helicopter, constructed by Sir George Cayley in 1796. It consisted of two propellors made of quill feath-c/s, operated by a bow string, that when wound up by hand and released lifted the model into the air until the power of the bow had been expended.having to make long reaches before taking the air. It may then be used either on land or on the water.Mr. Berliner and his son frankly admit that the machine cannot as yet come down from great heights without danger, but they are confident that it is only a question of a short time before the problem of safe descent will be worked out satisfactorily.May Revolutionize FlyingThe requirements set out by the British Air Ministry for the winning of its 50,000 pounds prize are:1. That the helicopter rise to a height of 20C0 feet under its own power, carrying a pilot and sufficient fuel for one hour’s flight.2. Hover stationary for 30 minutes in a wind of 20 miles ait hour.3. Descend in a wind of 20 miles an hour with the engine cut out, without horizontal motion.4. Fly horizontally at a speed of 60 miles an hour.Perfection of a machine capable of meeting these rigid requirements will for a certainty revolutionize flying, since the craft will be able to rise at once vertically into the air instead of having to taxi for a long distance along the ground before beginning to climb.Laurence LaTourette Driggs, founder of the American Flying Club and a leader in. aeronautics in this country, is enthusiastic over the possibilities of thehelicopter.One of the drawbacks to the more general use of commercial flying craft has been the requisite of large landing fields, he said. Planes need a long field to land and leave, in many of our large cities no land is available that might be used as a flying field. Airplane lines in New York, for example, have to locate their fields oat on Long Island around Garden City or over in Jersey. Seaplanes of course have the Hudson.“The helicopter, when perfected, will do away with large fields and it is not improbable to suppose that house tops or back yards will be sufficient apace in which to arise and descend withBftfcty# 4“The helicopter will also make possible slow landings. Planes at present land at a speed which cannot bo
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