Mitchell Evening Republican (Newspaper) - July 13, 1922, Mitchell, South Dakota
\ twelve pages vol. evening Republican third edition Mitchell South Dakota thursday july 13,1922 number 242shopmen to White House mountains Are a a melted to produce new machine takes Oil out of solid Rock perfumes dyes paraffin synthetic rubber and Many others 155 varieties obtained machine with Cut p one keat Volatilize Oil in Rock and it is sucked out through pipe Denver colo., july 13�?a marvelous new machine that scientists say trill rival the steam engine the Telephone the air plane and the wireless is at work near Here. It eats mountains and transforms them into Oil paraffin aspirin perfume dyes and synthetic rubber it is taking the gambling element out of the Oil Industry. It will no longer be necessary to sink Wells to get Oil. With this new machine Oil men can measure up an Oil shale Cliff figure out How much Oil it will produce turn a Crank and put the machine to work. Rocks on fire the machine is the invention of Harry l. Brown. New York. He got the idea when ranchers told him of rocks that caught fire. He knew these were shale Oil rocks. He secured the Aid of Thomas Dover Philadelphia chemist and perfected the machine. Of course the machine will not transform All mountains into com june racial products it works Only Vith Cha in rocks. I the machine is a series of revolving retorts heated by Oil burners. Many products i its giant maw crushes Down the a Trade shale Rock. A big Fin propels the Rock through the retorts. The heat Volatilize the Oil in the frock and it is sucked out through a pipes and carried to tanks. Both lubricating gasoline Are produced. After the a it has been extracted the rest of the Rock goes on through Jepther retorts where other products 165 in ally Are taken from it. Finally the Rock is dumped out at Che rear of the machine As Black bust. This dust is made up of hydrocarbons of High commercial value f a a this invention will revolutionize the Oil Industry a says or. Victor Alderson president of the Colorado be Hoot of mines. Americans Foremost a authority Oon Oil shale. So Skillm 5 Thain wreck Oil republicans plan to pass Tariff Bui talk of deferring action comes from outside of Congress leaders Quot determined Fleet of motor cars strikers carry will carry mail if j to strike necessitates lilt vaults in Gumm morn pres. Harding Fordney wishes to exd his service in c ingress with passage of Bill new device transforming a Colorado Mountain into Oil and other es2pucts insets i left i Harry m. Brown its inventor. And right Tho chemist who aided him commercial Thomas Dwyer. Anthracite operators now agree to truce Gloria Swanson to appear in probate of fathers estate hardings proposal is accepted by mine owners a to limit arbitration Coel Stox Quot Between Missouri i Pacific flier and freight train forty eight in tired Washington d. C., july 13�? although the Anthracite operators have submitted what president Harding is said to regard As a Complete acceptance of the government s offer of arbitration in the Coal strike the situation with regard to the Coal operators and miners Union continued under a Cloud of uncertainty today with both sides pursuing a policy obviously disturbing to administration officials. Declaring the intention is to delay or evade an immediate response High officials see in the course pursued a d wit Ion to reject the governments settlement plan if Public opinion would approve such a course. By associated press leased wire los Angeles cal., july 13.�?Gloria Swanson film atreus will appear in court Here tomorrow to answer charges against her and her Mother of undue influence in connection with the will of the late Matthew h. Burns step father of the actress it was announced Here today by to Sepulv h. Scott her attorney. The Case revolves around application by mrs. Burns. Gloria s Mother to probate the will of her late husband who was a shoe merchant Hebe and the contest against this by his relatives. Hearing of testimony by Burns relatives to support tit in charges that Burns was of unsound mind and unduly influenced by Gloria Swanson and her Mother into the marriage and into framing of the will which left the bulk of his estate to mrs. Burns will be completed today it was indicated. Washington d. C., july 13�?the proposals put Forward by president Harding for arbitration of the differences in the Coal Industry were formally accepted late yesterday by the Anthracite operators. The acceptance was announced Dempsey Puls match on anniversary of Carpentier defeat free states to begin big offensive provisional Irish government plans to overcome republicans and establish order by associated press leased wire London. Eng., july 13.�?the provisional Irish free state government s decision to concentrate its energies on overcoming the republicans and establishing order throughout the country before summoning the new parliament is taken to indicate that military operations on a considerable scale Are impending by Mark Sullivan Washington d. A. July 13.�? copyright 1922 by the evening Republican and the new York evening Post a the talk about Republican senators throwing the Tariff overboard and deferring action until a later session of Congress comes not from within Congress but from the country. Within the Senate there is not. Among the Republican leaders any sign of an intention than to go ahead and pass the Bill according to program. It is True that suggestions of postponement from the country come from powerful sources and from individuals whose judgment has much weight with Republican leaders nevertheless there is no sign that the suggestion is receiving serious consideration. It is probable that Many Republican leaders Are fairly bored with the Tariff situation As it stands. If they had not a beginning now they might Well defer action on the Tariff. But to do so under present circumstances. Would involve serious loss of a a face Quot on the part of the Republican senators and leaders. Unstable conditions there could hardly be a More vivid picture of futility on the part of a Congress already suffering seriously from Adverse judgment than to abandon an Enterprise after spending so Many months of work on it. The argument of those throughout the country who advocate throwing the Tariff overboard rests on the familiar ground that world conditions Are not yet sufficiently stable j to make an intelligent Tariff possible by associated press lenses wire Washington. A. July 13�? postmaster general work today prepared a letter to president Harding notifying the executive that a Survey prepared by All departments of the government showed that a thoroughly organized Fleet of 50,000 motor vehicles could be mobilized within 24 hours should the Railroad shop men strike further interfere with the movement of United states mails. New treaty for u. S. And Canada is proposed modern and permanent version of Rush Bagehot agreement is expected declare railroads have violated rulings of railway labor Board Harding May act indictment of actions by labor Board included in message to president by associated press leased wire Washington d. C., july 12.�?a proposal that the Century old agree a ment Between the United states and Canada regarding military and a f Val defences to be maintained on the International Border be revised in permanent form and in line with the agreements reached at the Washington arms limitation conference was the chief Mission Here today of w. L. Mckenzie Kirg. Prime minister of Canada to Confer with Secretary Hughes. A new treaty modernizing the Rush Bagehot agreement probably will be negotiated Between the to o countries. Today a developments by associated press leased wire president Jewell of the showmen telegraphed Appeal to president Harding stating that the executives proclamation of july la was based on a incomplete postmaster general work informed president Harding that 50.nof motor vehicles could be mobilized within 2 4 hours to move the mails. Railway and Union officials and rail Board members apparently suspended peace activities temporarily. It was announced that strike orders Are being sent out to the clerks on the Chaca Peak and Ohio. Baltimore and Ohio annulled eight trunk inc passenger traits Between Chicago and Tho East. Cry associated press leased wire Kansas City. Mo., july 13.�?two a White men and four unidentified negroes dead forty eight persons injured. Some of them perhaps fatally was the toll this morning of a wreck a in Tho outskirts of Kansas City last ight in which Missouri Pacific Railroad flier no Enber la westbound crashed Headon info a local freight train As a result of confused orders j most of the injured were in the smoking car. Many of them negroes. The identified dead w. A. Rader Engineer of the freight train. He lived at Independence. To. He was killed at his Post when the engines crashed. J. F. Laster a passenger Ordway col. His head and Chest were crushed. He died at a Hospital Early today. The dead negroes were believed to be part of a group of labourers being taken by the Railroad from St. L Ouis to Western Kansas As employees. Muscles Malumay be reported favourably by associate d in Ress leased wire Montreal. July 13.�?jack Dempsey. From the White House after repro amp avy weight Champion of the world sedatives of the operators from the probably would meet Harry Anthracite Fields had called on the wills negro challenger on july Sec president. It also was Clear when the Ond 923. Just two years from the Anthracite operators left after the fat it he Defeated Georges Carpentier Call that the response to the Prest j a Jersey City. Dents arbitration offer had been a _ to Morable to acceptance and that the pct it in 111 a Huta Only condition made had been to fix �11x11x1 to Iti Ai it in a definite limit in time for the arbitration commission contemplated to take in fixing new wage Scales. The president was said to be satisfied with the proposal and rhe Anthracite operators arranged to make their letters of response Public at once. The Anthracite operators letter to the president declared themselves committed to arbitration but asked the president to appoint a separate commission a to consider the wage Scales for their Section of the Coal Industry alone and we Hile agreeing to put men Back to work at old Scales and asked that the proposed commission be instructed to fix new Scales before Augustio. Positions strengthened the republicans since their defeat that Job us is no rendition in ant Erin Dublin have strengthened theirif/1 ailing for a new Tariff position in the Southwest and now Are j. It on the contrary the country is prepared to put up a big fight. They i a Quot ? 8tae of increasing business a Are reported to have taken a line a Vita. Nevertheless the program is from Waterford across the country pass the present Hill. To Limerick As a defensive front in delay expected trenching themselves in preparation while the Bill will he passed at for the expected free state assault. J this session the Best judgment i1 communication Between Dublin and that it will not be on the statute country to the West this line a Hooks unto Verv close to the novem been almost non existent for some or sections the a Lover Hajj a a a a 0 Days. And what is happening Tipiere f f ingress will not return to Wash is largely a matter of App inn until August 15. It is by no though the statement out v of and probable that the Senate we ill Patrick j. Little head of the re pub hav#1 fished with the Dill by that lie publicity department is believed to Dat eve it a in by improbable old Shell kills eight children explosion mangles bodies of boys and girls playing in Yard avoid Coal famine St Paul. Minn. July j. A o. Preus left Here tonight for Washington where he will make representations to the government this week for priority orders for the shipment of Coal to the head of the lakes in order to circumvent the fuel famine we hich threatens the Northwest. Supplies of free Coal on Duluth and he Correct. He claims the republicans forces Are in Complete control of the we Hole country from Kerry to Newton Barry and from Kerry to county Mayo. Cont Rary reports Cork is supposed to rank As the Republican capital hut the military Headquarters Are either at Mullin or Limerick event that the Senate will hav finished by August 15. There remain the matter of conference Between it Senate and the House to adjust differences. The lowest estimate of the tim required for conference is four weeks. This would make september of the earliest possible for the passage of the situation in Limerick is con Ine Bill but persons familiar with a rile reported. According to one the probability of delay inherent in version there was Sharp fighting or the situation will be inclined to add the town tuesday night and the cd from four to six weeks to this Date. Vilian population is suffering from j sentiment in favor a food shortage in consequence of the1 adj Fht to be said Here rival forces commandeering supplies. In that Therp ifs no int Mion who the other account in that peace is i Fop ver on pan of the Republican the Tariff until ingress. The de Pittsburgh a. July 13�?the National Coal association directors in quarterly meeting Here yesterday took no action relative to the Coal strike nor to president hardings proposal for a strike settlement. This was made known after the meeting when Alfred Ogle president of the association gave out an information statement to press representatives. J. G. Bradley former president of the National Coal association and a non Union mine operator of West Virginia gave out a statement in which he made Public a part of a letter which he wrote to Secretary Herbert Hoover on july to. To put Union miners Back on the 1920 wage scale agreement according to president Harding a proposal. Or. Bradley a letter pointed out would raise the Cost of mining bituminous Coal by 30 percent and would in addition involve raising the wages of non Union infers. Whose maintained under a precarious to postpone Supe Hor v a d Ocky a ave is i to Quot veh a he Nav Daub it a a a vet might Poa several a Nix ? Tell pm ,2 Sef it a thrown Over hut the Rry Stai several of the docks have reported Intoci. Atropine intention of the Republican by associated Presa encased wire Watertown. N. Y., july 13.�?police Are searching this City for artillery shells retained As souvenirs of the world War. After the explosion of a three Inch Shell. Resulting in the death of eight children the big Shell believed to be a a Dud picked up during the War time target practice of the 104th Field artillery on the Pine flags Range near Here was used As a screen door Check on the rear porch of the Edward g. Workman House. In the intense heat the int charge expanded according to Madison Barracks military officials making the Shell liable to explosion at reduced concussion. It is believed that one of the children playing croquet struck the Shell with a Mallet or Ball a arpent ers working nearby said they heard the children laughing at their game and then a terrific sex Aion. Rushing to the Workman Yard they found the bodies badly mangler croquet balls and mallets blown to bits the Concrete Wall of the Workman s Home crumbled to powder and a Gray pall of Concrete dust settling Over All. Fragments of clothing and Llesh were suspended from Trees and House tops Foryt Ards around and two automobile tires placed near the Shell on the rear porch were found on a roof 209 feet away. Ported that they Are sold out in some lines of Coal and that they Are being forced to refuse even Small orders. The situation is As serious As any experienced said governor Preus be various depots for intensive training it is stated that among other reasons for postponing the Parlia Nen meeting Many members of the Dail who hold commands in the Arm leaders to go ahead with it. The More optimism of them think they May be Able to pass it by october i but As i have said this Hope May fore his departure and he expressed duties. Cannot be spared from their military a Hurt fulfilment. Doubtless the belief that the Northwest is entitled to priority orders similar to those in the past because of the comparatively Short period this Section has in which to receive ifs fuel sup ply via the lakes. In the meantime a committee appointed by governor Preus is preparing for a Survey of the state s Wood Supply for possible use should the fuel shortage in the Northwest be acute next Winter. Japan May Purchase Island from Russia a Good Many Republican leaders five free state soldiers were am i wish they were not in the presen bushed tuesday night by a consider Tariff mess wish that they had no Able Force of irregulars at drum keen made a beginning and deplore the Chapel str Anolar county Donegal. Zea those ardent High Protection one of the irregulars was shot and its who Are responsible for having killed another died in a Hospital a hurried matters third was wounded and the two others were made prisoners. Of mrs. Obenchain in at trial by associated press leased wire. v. Ivawn 11 vex i pc i Alcine s to i 9 a. Washington d. A. July 13�?dent the go of non Union infers. Whose Ern ment Oon Viterina off a Ter erratic members of the Senate Agripa it 8cale has undergone a readjust the Purchase of the Island of Sak cultural committee completed plans ment. According to economic Condi Arjen from Russia according to the today for presentation to the com t10�8 by 42 perc8�?�t _ a. I Yorozu a Tokio vernacular new spa to Vitta eat its meeting tonight of Ai estimated that president hard per. F option to report favourably the offer 8 proposal would entail a Cost of of Henry Ford for Purchase and More than $1,000,000 a Day to the Buff not to be lease of the government s property pubic at muscle Shoals Ala. Such a pm t on. Is pressed would bring the first two and half vote in the committee on the Ford Deposa. It was not expected however by the senators that the motion would presented until after the committee had concluded its final Examina barred from ring representative Fordney. The Republican chairman of the ways and Means committee in the lower House is probably As much responsible As any other Man for having the Tarif going so Early. It is his intention to retire at the end of the present aes Sion. And he is credited rightly in a a Quot wrongly with the motive of Havir by associated press leased wire wanted for Many be irs to Crown his los Angeles. July 13�?the trial of service in Congress and his lore car mrs. Madalynne Obenchain. For the Eer As a High protectionist by getting murder of j. Belton Kennedy was his name on a Tariff Bill. Suddenly halted late tuesday when a to it became apparent the defendant was too ill to remain in the court j room. Judge Shenck ordered an and North Dakota bans a sunday dancing by associated press leased wire Bismarck. N. July 12.�?sunday dancing was placed under a ban in North Dakota by attorney general Sveinbjorn Johnson today in a letter dispatched to All proprietors of Public dancing Halls in the state. Attorney general Johnson who is in charge of the state License department. Said that country barn dances had become so numerous in North Dakota that Many communities Are scandalized by dancing after Midnight j saturday night and on sunday night. While most cities have their own or Medora. N. D., july 12 a Medora try dance Halls have escaped this it regulation. The attorney general said i the ban is placed under the Law which prohibits Public sports in this state on sunday with specified exceptions. Journ ment until tomorrow. Mrs. Obenchain fainted in her cell in the county jail during the noon recess. It became known after adjournment. She looked very Pale when she came into the court room .7. To for the afternoon session but no re a. Re. City july 13�?johnny quest for an adjournment was made suspended with Joe by her attorneys until some time million loss in big Blaze Lynch a. Bantam weight Cham a later when it was noticed she was Pion pending investigation by the trembling violently. New York state athletic commission the Reading of mrs. Obenchain s of Al Nancol arrangements in connect testimony Given at her first trial. Was resumed by the prosecution pan Jose. Costa Rica. July 13 t on of All bidders or their represent damage estimated at $2,500,000 was a a with the a Contos to will not retire who have submitted of Erst Rou it a a fire which swept thru from the Rinju his manager Lew dial for muscle Shoals development. It j warehouses Here. As Learned that j. W. Worthington. A r airman of the committee of the Tiff Iava racer Ai i Lessee River improvement Asse Lui Hiu a Jiuu Daijo f a. Would appear for or. Ford Quot i acting upon word from Detroit Ould inform the committee that Ford s proposal cannot be fur american league a r modified in any essential detail a he committee with the makers. Cleveland. Too Ooi 120�?4 9 i mond. Declared today in denying reports to that effect. The commission suspended Buff and Lynch As Well As their managers after investigation of the charge that Lynch guaranteed Buff $30,000 in Case the latter lost his title and that because of the Small when court convened. Blunders airman Norris returned to the 2u, Kuel capital today from Nebraska but it Detroit Boston. Too 101 ooo�?2 5 2 at it receipts was obliged to pay the a or of thai i unit Lindsey and of Neill. Collins former Champion $9,150.35 out of or consent. His own pocket to make up this sum. The commission declared that a private arrangement of this sort is indirect violation of its rules prohibit Jing agreements Between boxers not sanctioned by the commission. No Date was set for the hearing of the Case. Of Quot a. Too 002 020�?4 la 2 said at his office he had re a lad1? phia a f"0 "j1 3 2 Cei Ved no reply from other bidders of hmm and Marion Hasty and per to invitations to them to be pres i . In tonight in person or to be re-1 lou18 a a new postponed. Presented by properly accredited .�?T.t,1�?� to Kesman. Committee members l. I however expect that the various bid tiers will he present or represented. Of Washington. 1,10 i i a Rita i at Robertson and Yaryan Johnson j ii is we j in it in and Picinich. Russ commission meeting to end National closes today Atlantic City. N. A. July 13�?the Brooklyn Hio 290 0 58th annual reunion of the Benevo Cincinnati. Too 002 0 Lent and protective order of elks Vance. Smith and Deberry. Coach j ended today with the installation of and Wingo. Newly elected officers and the usual new York ./.004 too of spectacular Parade late this after maritime conference to be called by Harding soon Mother of four children murdered associated press teased wire the Hague july 13�?the non russian sub commission on private property of the conference on Kus Chicago. 200 Ooi of j noon affairs unanimously adopted to Causey and Smith Aldridge and delegates from More than tiny a Resolution declaring that in the of Farrell. J lodges scores of bands patrols and Cunt of the views expressed yester-1 Boston at Pittsburgh postponed. I a hello Bills in colourful costume will Cay by the russians concerning the rain. Take part in the pageant. A number destitution of foreigners property in Philadelphia of members of Congress who Are Russia it would a serve no useful St. Louis. Of members of the antlered Herd Are purpose to continue the meetings Singleton and Peters Doak and Mc-1 expected to March. Among them 1 today a want ads. A a the russian cur a Quot i 1 it to a i i vhf Quot a wrap Quot a a Why is this wrong the answer will be found among by associated press leased wire Washington july 13�?assurance has been Given by president Harding to chairman Porter of the House foreign affairs committee that in the near future the principal maritime nations of the world would be invited to Send representatives to a conference in this country at which Means of preventing the pollution of navigable water Luw Sendbo. Uffia navigable Waters would a discussed. Nebraskans Dairy products Worth $30,000,000 in year by Assoc cd Pew i erased wire Lincoln. Neb. July 12�?the Dairy cows of Nebraska last year produced 200.000.000 Gallons of milk for a total valuation of $30,000,000 in Dairy products according to a statement issued today by Leo Stuhr Secretary of agriculture. Besides supplying the Farmers table this milk furnished the raw material for 79 creameries in the state which manufactured 64,-822.900 pounds of butter. 56.900 lbs. Cheese. 5.200,000 lbs. Of condensed milk. And 2,177,190 Gallons of ice Cream. And yet says or. Stuhr Nebraska does not consider itself a Dairy state. There Are 7.878 pure bred animals on 1.508 farms in the state according to the Secretary of agriculture. Weats Arbori South Dakota fair tonight and Friday warmer West portion to by associated press leased wire Chicago. 111. July 13. Mrs. Francis Neusus. 36 years old. And the Mother of four children was found murdered in the basement of her Home Here last night. She had been beaten and stabbed and her body had Ben Bent Over the Edge of a barrel of a a Moonshine Mash into which her head had been pushed. Woman Dies after attack by robber by associated press leased wire Omaha. Nebr., july 13�?mrs. George Lutz. 40. Of Louisville. Neb., j who was attacked in her Home by an j unidentified Man. Who forced a drug i Down her Throat and fled with $800, last monday died in an Omaha bos Pital today. A peddle is being sought by authorities in connection with the at a tack. Mrs. Lutz alone at the time. Was dressing to go Down town to make the initial payment on a new j Home when her assailant entered her husband some time later found j her lying unconscious on the floor. Forty men held for betting on baseball games by associated press Lem a wire Chicago. Iii., july 13.�?forty men were arrested by detectives at the Chicago cubs baseball Park yesterday charged with making bets. The arrests followed complaint by the cubs management a week ago that betting was taking place. The forty men were booked on charge of by associated press gyrated wire Chicago. Iii., july 13.�? the striking showmen carried their Case to the White House today. The move Marks a new phase of the nationwide suspension now in its fourteenth Day and gave Promise that the next step toward a settlement might be in the form of action by the president such action As was taken by the chief executive in the Coal strike is suggested by the new move of the shop crafts leaders. V Telegram to Harding b. M. Jewell head of the railway employees department of the american federation of labor today sent a Telegram to president Harding replying to the presidents proclamation on the strike situation and opening a new phase of the grievances of striking railway showmen. The Telegram which was signed also by the six International presidents of the railway shop craps declared the t the strikers hoi Vilord out because wages fixed by it he labor by and were in violation of the provi dons it of Tho transportation Art and because of the Vitia Tion of the Labur boards portion by the railroads. The strikers insisted that no interruption of Commerce or interference with the mail had Ben caused by any unlawful act by the showmen the Telegram Laid such interference directly to the attempt of the railroads to work incompetent workmen. Chairman Jewell and his associates reiterated their desire to co operate in any Effort to bring Pear hut declared that up to the present a rail executives had refused to meet the representatives of the employees. Text of message the text of the Telegram follows Quot it appears from your proclamation of july la that incomplete information has been furnished you 1 concerning the present dispute Between the Railroad operators and 1 employees. A ninety two railroads have violated the transportation act or decisions de the transportation act or decision i cases. The involved not Only Eon i to acting out work in shops but also wage decreases interpretations of i rules and right of employees to elect their own representatives. When the Pennsylvania Railroad refused to comply with the boards rulings. Federal judge Page held that the boards position on wages or rules was Only advisory. The railroads have refused Ever since passage of the transport i Hon act to establish National boards of adjustment described by the labor Board As the Central part of the machinery to decide disputes Between carriers and their employees. Unjust wages a the railroads have made All negotiations merely formal thus throwing on the Board an impossible Burden of arbitration. The Board has abolished overtime pay for sundays and holidays enjoyed for thirty years even on unorganized roads. The Board has established a rate of pay of $800 a year though the department of labor fixed the Bare Cost of living at Over $1,400 and a minimum Comfort budget at Over $2,300. A when the Basic wage is unjust it follows that All wages graded upward for skill and responsibility Are likewise unjust. Organized employees support your declaration of May 23. 1921, that the lowest wage must not be Only enough for Comfort but must insure that the struggle for existence shall not crowd out things purely Worth living for and that it should provide for amusement. Recreation and saving. Board against employee a employees have never violated any decision of the Board but the railroads have violated decisions and employees have refused to work under wages fixed by the lither Board which violated provisions of the transportation act. A the Board has attempted to unload financial burdens of railway management upon employees through inadequate wages that will undermine the health and Prosperity of the generation. After exhausting All other methods the employee sought again to obtain a conference and agree ment with the Railroad executives. Only As a last resort did they strike. We respectfully insist to no interruption of Commerce or Fer Ferencz with mails is caused by direct or unlawful acts of the organized employees. Such interruption and interference a results inevitably from attempts of railroads to operate with insufficient incompetent and unskilled workmen. A such interruptions and interference will continue and increase until agreement is obtained upon just and reasonable wages Between the representatives of the skilled employees and Railroad executives who up to Date have refused even to meet employ yes representatives. We stand Rady to co operate whole hearted for with any Effort to bring about Suveil an peace talk slump railway peace activities which loomed Large on the strike horizon yesterday slumped perceptibly today while rail executives Union leaders and Railroad labor members awaited a he it tr-1� of a i