Madison Wisconsin State Journal (Newspaper) - January 07, 1920, Madison, WisconsinWEATHER
COLDER
VOL. 134, NO. 97. 81�t Year. MADISON, WIS., WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON, JANUARY 7, 1920. SIXTEEN PAGES PRICE TW O CENTS
MEXICANS KILL 3 AMERICANS
U. S. SPENDS Big Gerard Film C LEAGUE MUST PACKERS STILL
WITH LAVISH
HAND, CLAIM
Cost of Government, in Second
Year After War, Going Up,
Declares Writer; Sense of
Proportion Lost
r n r n r n r n
Empty Stockings Benefit
SCENE FROM JAS.W. GERARD'S'BEWARE'
BV H A R R Y B. H U N T
W A S H IN G T O N - U nc le Sam th re a te n s to becom e the na tion - sp en d th r if t . He Is d i sp e n s �
ing millions, yea billions, w i th less care
t h a n he form erly grave to the ex pend i�
t u r e of thousands . W a r f inance ha#
robbed h im of his sense of proportion,
Jus t a s w a r warren an d w a r prof i ts
h a v e over tu rned p o p u la r app rec ia t ion
o f values.
T h e Avs-t of governm en t, in th e sec �
ond y e a r aJ ter th e w ar , like the cost
o f living, Is headed up, n o t down.
T h e g o v e rn m en t is u rg in g th� peo�
ple, a s t h e best m e a n s of com bat ing
the H. C. of L., to p rac t ice r igid eco n �
omy, to buy n o th in g b u t necessities.
B u t the g o v e rn m e n t itself, In s te a d of
p rac t ic in g w ha t it p reaches . Is ge tt ing
re ad y to sp e n d h u n d r e d s of millions
m o n ' th an it sp en t th ro u g h those some
c h an n e ls formerly.
A ppropr ia t ions r e q u es te d by the e x �
ecutive, legisla tive and Judicial b r a n c h �
es for th e fiscal y e a r e nd ing Ju n e So,
1921, to d a te a m o u n t to $4,473,69#,358,
a lm os t fo u r and a h a lf bimana,
Tota l ap ro p r ia t lo n s voted, by co n �
g re s s fo r the c u r re n t f iscal year, e n d �
ing Ju n e SO, 1920. a m o u n t to $5,629,486,-
3 5 9 . over five and a ha lf bill ions.
IN S P IT E OF ECONOM Y
T h is m akes an a p p a r e n t cu t o r "aav-
ing" of l l 156 790,000 or over a billion
in the proposed e x p en d i tu re s fo r the
y e a r endflig J u n e IO, 1921. On the
b as is of th is reduction In tota l a p p ro �
p r ia t io n s asked th e c o u n try ut
told tha i the g o v e r n m e n t s estimate#
h a v e been p repared on the basis of
s t r i c t economy.
T h is reduction of $1,155,790,000 in
.Hr ap ro p r ia t lo n s a sk e d is no t achieved
by any applica t ion of economy. It is
achieved In sp i te of the lack of it. It
is because cer ta in Marge undertaking#,
due to th e war, c ar r ied th rough the
p re se n t w a r , a r e no t to be continued
in to 1921.
T he a p p ro p r ia t io n s fo r the cu rren t
year , for instance, c a r r ie s ; I * _ _ _ _ _ _ _
W h eat gu ara n tee fun d $1,000,000,000
E uropean food relief 100,000.000 T \ M A D IS O N w ill sta rt to fill l ls vm p-
R adroad ad m in istra tio n 750,000.000 I V 'I tv C h r istm a s sta ck in g untry h(>
Z n �T a T ' VZ i ! ............ - *?; 1 - ________ ... ? i ,I,* ware, th e t itle of the new p ie tu ie is
COME, S A Y S
H I S T O R I A N
Prof. W estermann, Peace Con�
ference Attache, Declares
Isolation of Nations Is
Thing of the Past .
A4 4 \ league of n a t io n s is lnev$table as tile m arch of t ime," declared Prof. VV. L W es te r -
m ann , head of the anc ien t h is to ry de-
p a n i o r ut of the Universi ty of W iscon�
sin.* Prof. W es te rm a n n w as in P a n s
with the peace conference as a m e m �
ber of tile board of h is tor ica l a d v i s �
ors and is a keen s tu d en t of the in te r �
n a tiona l polit ical s i tua t ion .
" If the United S ta te s does not Join
with the o th e r n a t io n s of the world
now she will w ith in f if ty y e a rs ," PA)f.
W e s te rm a n n predic ted.
NO I S O L A T I O N NO W
"i t fs folly to believe th e re is a n y
longer- su h a th ing a s isolation of it*
Dons iso la t ion is don*- with once And
for all. Political isolation is a ath ing
of the past.
"T he A tlan tic is a small m a t t e r and
does not form
SUBJECT TO SUITS
P A L M E R D E N IU S HE P R O M I S E D
' BIG F I V E " I M M U N I T Y IN R E �
C E N T A G R E E M E N T ;
OIL COMPANY E M P L O Y E S
MURDERED; FEDERALS ARE
B E L IE V E D R ES P O N S IB L E
lations Near Breaking Point If Carranza
Troops Are Found Culpable; Few
Bandits in Vicinity
BY R A Y M O N D C L A P P E R
W A SH IN G T O N - The ' Big F iv e "
p a ck e rs art* still subject to*.c r im in a l !
p rosecu tion o r civil su i ts desp ite t h e i r l
a g ree m e n t w ith the g o v e rn m en t to get j
rid .of th e i r side lines. A t to rney Gen- I
eral P a lm e r told the sen a te agrtcaii ture
" p S S S JT '-'h o ' iir. iv th.- mn-.vm cnt Washington Awaits Consul's Report of Details; Re-
with the packers , denied e m pha t ica l ly
t h a t he had prom ised them imm unity .
"I could go in to court tomorrow,
e i th e r civilly o r c r im ina l ly ." said P a l �
mer. "if I were convinced th a t w as t lie
wise th ing to do for the public good
N o th ing in the a r ra n g e m e n t with the
p a ck e rs preclude# prosecu tion for th e i r '
pa s t illegal a c ts ." *
P a lm e r a lso declared he had not
prom ised the p a ck e rs im m unity from
lu r th e r legislation.
U N W I S E TO P RO S E C U T E
" But in view of j o u r ag ree m e n t with
the {lackers, will you p rosecu te them'.' '
a sk ed S e n a to r Norris .
. I have never ^gid so before," replied
Pa lm er , "bu t I do not In tend to p r o s e �
cu te them. U n d e r the c i r c u m s ta n c e s !
should doub t the p rop r ie ty of It."
P a lm e r sa id tha t , in sills opinion, no
new legisla tion is needed now.
I should like to see th is p lan trb-d
BULLETIN
WASHINGTON-Gabriele Porter, an American citizen
in the employ of the Penn Mexican company, was shot and
killed by a Mexican federal aj*my officer at Tuxpam, Dec. 21,
the state department was advised today by the American
consul at Tampico.
I I / A S I I I X G T O N -Whilf* tho State departm en t aw aited a complete
report fin the m urder near Port Lobos of two American m i-
^ait*' h e ra ld^ rcf-rrtng Vs his agree pioves o f the In te rna tiona l Pe tro leum company, it was
I w e n t with th� packers . J do not tha t, should it develop C arranza soldiers were respt
believed today
I . *-? , . , , - ................ - ---. , -......... - responsible for the
.............................................................. r ' X X r ration.bet**Tth*i m . . � , . , , , 1 .......
h when a irp lan es cross ocean a* In a I tend t {,lt t h e i r - ag ree m e n t to o b s c n i a p p r o a c h t h e b r e a k i n ! ; p o i n t .
tVnemi nnUr� ^ .W�fhswW�iriea l o f Wtm- th e law reduct ion o f the em - I T h e s t a t e d e p a r t m e n t so f a r ha.'?im m s on the o the i sldt of th* dl,.n ,A (,f th e i r o rg an isa t io n I , . 1 1 1 1 1 r A A n a e d the au to c racy
of th e i r sys tem ."
W I L L F O R C E O B E D I E N C E
" , , WIVfc I . linier dec lared th a t lf the {larkers strue ted t o make a report OU tle-
' B usiness in the F n i t e d S ta te s w an ts d � no t ab ide by the in junc t ion * h 0 f t i l e c r i m e .
the league of nation* and the d e m an d J b* 10 he Issued a s p a r t of the ag - : am e r ic a n em bnssv a t XI* v im
business is com m encing to n u k t will " len t he will a t once *ha�e them to I he Am. h u n 1 t i u n #> a t Mexico
l a r r y e n o rm o u s weight. It is the -court . o n c o n te m p t p roceed ings arul , J ? ! ? 'Ur" maK'*
m a s te r 's voice. force obedience. * fu lg e n t re p re se n ta t io n s to th e Mexican
I * - ''T h e re I* a s t ro n g mfluence in the Asked why bu t te r , eggs ab d chee se governm e n t fo r p u n ish m en t of the
I 'nitwit S ta ten opposing the I tairt if a n d l a n d poul try we ne not included in th e (m urderer* .
pe rh ap s th is c o u n t r y is not ye t read) decree, 1's lm e r said these p ro d u c ts | R E P O R T E D QUICKLY
for the covenant, h u t the t im e is n ea r- , wen* handl*-d u n d e r re fr ig e ra t io n a n d j t belt w e d here today th a t the
tug when th e re will be no a l t e r a t i v e . I norm al ly belonged to the b u tch e r busl- Alm.rivi4lu w,.rir for y e a r - and a s ta t cop- ,
w e d n esd ay m orn ing by m em b ers of I (-rated ,�n tit** m il i ta r is t ic p r incip le ls{
t " . t i tra t hr* d e i m r tm e n t . . Hur to have a w a r s o o n e r o r la te r . The 1 W A S H I N G T O N -C l a i m s a g a in s t the
After t h in had worked o v e r his body I p o w e r o f th** m il i ta ry * m ach in e is **[(*n l ted Ht�ates t o t a l l i n g s .v e r a l h u n d r e d
fo r a h a l f liour, he w a s r e s u s c i t a t e d - i r e - .-cable a n d c u m u l a t i v e fore#* w h ic h j m il l ion d o l la r s will be ti led by largy
w i th the hi. g m o to r I ( a p t . i i ,ldrn�-s b
p e rce n t of th� rece ip ts to be tu rn ,
em ployes or to posta l employes will l o v e r to th e E m p ty S tock ing club.
h av e to be m et by still f u r th e r ap- , , * m o d em m u
proDriaUons. T he est im ate* , aa nub- j . . . I
m in e d , f igure all w ages and sa la r ies t Th T t *H" . j4*/ " Tl,nin'>-
s t p re sen t gov e rn m en t s tan d ard s . T he! " f n 1 0 , 'a t ' 1 ! '
projKised increa**- is due largely to the. j ^ ' .ri l , v- uncompi tin ing Ii-
g ov e rn m en t e n te r in g n* .. ------- - -
m in is t ra t io n o r e x ten d in g its ac t iv it ies j ,{t* p re sen t m om en t in te res t , Put is so
in lines it alrea ha� '.,k,-n up. ' . a p t j rop r la le a m e.ins fo r the . . 'im-
O T H E R IT E M S I in th e p rov id ing o f a fu n d which vvki
O ther Items which m a y have to b e 'b r i n g c h ee r and h a p p in ess to people
added to 1921 a p p ro p r ia t io n s a re ; ' a s th e s e th ree soldiers did.
Sa lary increases ^ a n n n n o n ' D u r in g .th� recen t holiday - .1 -on.
� 0 , t g, . S 2 5 2 S T h " i mVty - t u c k i n g c lu b recelv- I * *
P'2* ? j r t ? 7^ '0 0 0 OOO I ln 0,1 "h a n d a n equal am o u n t , in f ..... I
T he total of i tems not included in . " " J k 'T ' ll. a. �*1th e ' e s t im a te s of ap |>roprtations a * ! . . . . M adison w*re tak e n t a r e o f on
compiled by S e n a to r 8 moot is about h n * tm u s .
$444 009.000. Which, lf all proposed! th e S u n d a y night jw r fu rm a
a p p ro p ria t io n s were g ran ted , would .1' * d d , - \ -service rn* n with th e i r I t a nett u r a n t
b r in g the total to $4,917.696 358, or f I,- j m o thers , w ives or sw ee th ea r ts will bt* I village� U' lh*- J a la pa d is tr ic t of X i i
I 111. 209 963 more t h a n cor respell, ling - 'dm ltfed f ree upon p re s -m u t to n of J Cl u i til hon ,n-l {�. i|� were ti--
d e p a r tm e n ta l ex p i n d i tu re s for the c u r - 1 identif icat ion curd or s i lv f r v ic to ry {tin.
r e n t year.
brought u p s s soldier� with tho
words in th e i r eon* t-oubl n o t hut tie
Influenced, It wan bound to produce
war.
"Tile sh m e th ing will he re)** I te d
in �nm- fo rm 4f m il i ta r i sm Is not
checked. M ilita rism breeds *war."
CHARGES FILED
AGAINST SINGER
i brewing corpora t ions , a s the resu lt of ; la. x and he an d his Ynends a rc o the
'' the decision Monday th a t th. govern - "o u ,h ' *n 1'Hae* is f r iendly
* I tn -n t had e x c e d c l Its a u th o r i ty in foretgners . a cco rd ing to r ep re -
prohihlt ing th*- sale of 2.75
1 it..-1 r iM-ert- tic for*- the Volstead law !�.-
cam*- ..cr* cli . e on Oct. 28 last l iquor
h* r of A m erican oil ln te r -
ta in Mexico.
According to the s t a te d e p a r tm e n t 's
advice*, th� A m ericans wert*.believed to
hft^ ?*. bhd pay-H inds of tile com pany in
their possession a t the t i i r a of th e i r
m urder .FOE OBJECTS TO
OFFICERS' TRIAL NAB 5Q /yy RA[D
ON GAMBLING DEN
F ranc isco
a n nounced
ids> In- had received Official {e ra
- m pany , w a s ut l iberty on $ 1 ,0 0 0 bunds
?oduy a w ai t in g h ' a r l n g on d epor ta t ion
rharjces. T h e c h a rg e s were
Mil*- K lv im \ ma car . al
if ttie *qa*ra com pany .
*
I' XfilK- G e r m a n y h a s s e n t n not�
to the p.*ace conference �ibject�ng to
tile proposed tr ia l of Teuton- oOIcers. ,
oil, , s,-utile,! the ist*-in*U t .v rm a n fleet '
ba r i to n e of the t h,, a g o rand * *,e ra a t S e a , -a Flow by a n allied tribunal. It MEN N KAi'f T en {wtrrdmen a r -
was lea rned today. rest,-*! 50 m en in a . ra id on a n alleged
Th, G e rm an s a lso renewed the ir o b - I gam bling boys-, ear ly tmlay.
by I iec t .oiis to g iv ing up five light c ru isers . ! W hen p a tro lm en en te red the room
m em b e r! dem an d ed by France , dec lar ing th e i r | men scu rr ied o u t the windows. Fo u r
* I s u r r e n d e r would leave G e rm an y w i t h - J pa tro lm en V based a half dozen across
o u t sufficient sh ips of th is type fo r , ad jo in ing roofs b ' / o r e they were c a p �
a n n e he r to accum pa 1 \ lino to tit*
F n i t e d S ta te s f r o m I .use
C P U 'M B W t- Fnited Min� Wbrkers
of America, m ee t ing today, ratified m a
plan u n d e r which the recen t coal Mink�
wa*-, ended, by a vote of 1,639 to 221.
T he vote cam e a t the end of a s to rm y
session, in which lh� rad ica l e lem ent
of the union so u g h t to block app ro v a l
of th� project.
Bilder te rm s 0 6 the se t t lem en t, P r e s �
ident W ilson's com m iss ion of thre�
m en wilt dx a basis for w ages for tho
b i tu m in o u s m iners .
The tu rn in g point cume la te y e s t e r �
day w hen S ec re ta ry Green m ade a
s t ro n g p lea fo r e n d o rsem e n t of th�
te rm s un d e r which th� coal s t r ik e e n d �
ed.
W hen Green concluded h ts e x p la n a �
tion of the tight he an d Acting P re s i �
den t Is-wis had p u t up licfore they
liowcd to the will of the g o v e rn m en t,"
th� d e lega tes rose to t h e i r feet a n d d e �
m an d ed t h a t a n im m ed ia te vo te bo
taken' to endorse th e i r official*, a n d to
accep t tile a w a r d s of P re s id en t W il�
so n 's com m ission. .
P re s id en t Ja*wis, however, soJd thens
were .d e leg a tes p re sen t who st ill had
som eth ing to s a y -am i he "w as one of
t h e m ."
' But lf th is conven t ion w a n ts to
vote on the m otion to accep t the a w ard s
an d close d ebate , I'm willing to rem a in
qu ie t ," s t a te d I.ewis.
.W e w a n t to h e a r Lewis," shou ted
th** delegates . ,
Radicals t r ied to p rev en t Lewis from
speak ing , b u t the m a jo r i ty voted to
give b u n th� floor.
prom ise to m a r ry ti* r. Who la te r !
learned he had it wife in Russia , sin- 1
said.
Mile \ ma zn r b rough t -ort fo r I M M #
gains t B ak 'anoff 1 , New Yolk r e v - 1
t-riil m o n th s ago. a lleg ing h '' a t ta ck e d j
h�r.
ne- es �I p a t ro l *lyt\ , a n I Only on# recap**!
The note re i te ra ted the G erm an y de- f ...n w;ls hf.t (4t j jy q f " r
on n,s" * nlwl tha i in a rm m ate ria ls , d em an d ed j ach one
W E A T H E R
Cloudy and colder tonight and
Thursday. Frsah northwest wind*.
WILL KICK O U T
" SOVIET E N V O Y ''
W A S H IN G T O N - A w a r r a n t for the
d e p o r ta t io n of L C. A. K. M artens ,
se l f -s ty led sovlet a m b a ss a d o r to the
F n i te d S ta tes , has been issued, d e �
p a r tm e n t of ju s t ice officials *aifl today,
troycd.
TI ? - ippling of uivSays an d flooded
>ad' h a w made difticult th e work of
ndiiig relief. B andits , it w as rep o rt -
1, p l u n d e r 'd and n ib b ed m any horne�
t s people of their few rem a in in g po�-
-ssions.
TRIAL OF H A R R Y
NEW NEARS END \
i by
in th'- Sea pa Flow com uensa tion a r tic le
of the protocol, had been sold Since
Nov. 3, I *19 as th,- a ll ies h a qy claimed.
BARS WOMEN
FROM JURIES
.aught.
EXPLOSION ROCKS
T E M P E R A T U R E
Y E S T E R D A Y -Noon. 25; 3 p. rn .
26; 6 p. rn.. 2 6 ; 9 p. rn . 2 6 . .
T O D A Y - M id n ig h t 28; 3 a. rn., 28. J
6 a. rn., 29; 9 a. rn 29.
Maxim um d u r in g 24 h ours ending 9
a rn. 29; at 7 a. rn.; m in im um during now
24 h ours ending 9 a. rn . 23; a t 9 a. rn.
Tuesday.
Mean, 26; norm al. 17.
R E L A T I V E H U M I D I T Y
.1 p. rn ., 94; 7 |> rn.- 96; 7 a rn ., 93.
P R E C I P I T A T I O N
D uring 24 hour� e n d i n g 7 a . m *.19
A LLY CONFERENCE
TO OPEN FRIDA Y
PA R IS British and J u l i a n officials | ** Fairch .tm .. o a r here today The
c o n fe r r in g in London will a r r iv e J terrific b las t h u r led people *rom th ir
bedh w i th in a radii!* of IO rn!lo*. *
TRACE REPORTS OF
SUGAR GOUGING
l / ) 8 ANGELE."* - A rg u m e n ts in the
tr ia l tit H a r ry New. ch arged with trie
{kill ing af F r ieda l e s s e r , h is 19 year
J old sw echeurt . will I� gin T h u rsd a y ,
I it w as p red ic ted by a t to rn e y s today.,
1 ^Th- 'i$-*ir
opin ion of w h e th e r o r no t New is wino.
U N IO N T O W N , Pa. One m an w as
in ju red arid p ro p e rty damage, e s t im a ted
a l $10,0641 w a - i i iu -e d w in ti ,-pnntane-
o u s com bus tion exploded pow der in a
building of the D upont P ow der W orks
BERGDOLL TAKEN.
POLES ATTEMPT
TO CHECK REDS
BY ED L. K E E N
LONDON. - Th*- recen tly launched
Polish offensive , a g a in s t Bolshevik
for* es in no r thw es t R uss ia w as i n �
spired by the all ies to force the red�
to w ithd raw men from th*- so u th e rn
front, w here th e i r a rm ies a re pu tting
the brush ing touches to G enera l Jteni-
k ine's forces a Moscow - w ire less d i s �
pa tch claim�,i today
The reds, however, c la imed fu r th e r
successes a g a in s t Dentkine. Soviet
forces a re a p p ro ac h in g o d essa , they
declared a n d the a n t i -bolshevik in h a b �
i t a n ts of th a t ci'iy a re fbwing in t e r �
ror to w a rd C onstan tinople .
T h e reds also c la im ed ru p tu re of
Mariupol, an im p o r ta n t {airt of the s* a
I . . . 7 _* _ of Azov. I H-itiklne force- defendingA L B A N I --By an a1 iii oat u n a n im o u s , n oJ nro-
I AJ" ' 7 V n s , h , .JT , . . r . u,..y took ....................................... r,B� th,.* ..II
Tit L i n t ^ � - 1 1Ju s '*, ,- and p rosecu t ions begun as oooq j Bergdnll. who w a s in fin house
as the d r ive on rad ica ls is completed. BergdoU is the son of a w ea l th y I nance would a p p l j to all p r s o n s ou-
Agent T. E. C am pbell I brew er H e form erly w as a n $utoaio- J c ra ting p o o l . tablesC hief Special
Bald Lodaj. bile race driver.
c ig a re t te stands.
I dance b a l .a and vehicle drivers.
a averted
A d ispa tch to the Time# from Its
col r#4 porntent a t Allo F inland, to d ay
1 said f ighting I oi been t e n o n e d be-
j tween the N orth R uss ians arni K a re l -
I tans * Aid tiiat In te rven tion by F i n �
land to help the K a re l ian s w a s p rob-
1 able .
Another Isilshevlk w ire less c la im ed
Adt ii ir I Kolchak #i>o,i of the a i b l i n s -
j st in #gov* tnm* �}t lo MJberta, had re-
j signed The lio lshevikl a lso c la im ed
resignation of C h a i r m a n LuUom sky
58 MORE ALIEN
REDS A T ISLAND
N E W YORK- F i f ty -e ig h t {lergons
were a d d "d to th e group of a lleged
a lien rad ica ls a t Ellis is land d u r ing th�
kist 24 hours, brie au g th* total he ld
th e re for d epor ta t ion h-.armgs u p to
499
D ep ar tm en t of ju tic- a g e n t s c o n �
t inued the ir raid yesterday. A s u l l e n -
d escen t w as m ade on th*- N avy Mir, o r �
gan of com m unism , a t one t im e ed ited
I*)- I#*on Trotsky. F o u r te e n m e n a n d
one wom an anti a large q u a n t i t y o f l i t �
e r a tu re were #eixr/l.
Dr Victor Pac hack sky , a n ax to c i -
a tc of Trotsky, w as a m o n g th o se a r �
rest* ti.
MARTINI HEADS
HORTICULTURISTS
A M artin i , Iaikt* Geneva , w.u* e^ t -
ed p re s id en t o f th e S t a te H o r t i c u l tu ra l
society W ed n e sd a y m o rn in g a t th e a n �
nual co n v en t io n in jthw capito l. J A.
Days, G a y s Mills, w a s e lected vie�
p re s id en t .
M e m b ers of th e new execu tive c o m �
m it t e e a r e W il l iam Longhead, Iv
Coe, E. J . F ra u t so h t , A. Leldig-o, J-
L iv in g s to n , H C hr is tensen . W ill iam
Toole. S r , J . E Leveri, h, L. F B-r-
m ln g h a m . P a u l E. E v an t , Ir*U'S
S ch m id t .
N. A. R a s m u s s e n w a s a w ard e d 2�
fi rs ts oil ex h ib i ts of w in te r vegetable#.
IS. L. R o lo Cf w a s second w-Ith Ave t r - t *
a n d L. R I r ish th i rd -w ith three, fbdg-
infc Cl fru i t will take p lace it t o n i j h t s
session.
T h e ju d g es a re Prof. J G Moor*,
T'rof. G eorge F. P o t te r an d ll C. Cl r is-
terisen.
lo t G enera l D en ik in a 's s doc la I council , wk* re they spent the holidays,
Mrs. F r a n k O'Connor and d a u g h te r ,
K aty May, 319 West W ashing ton a v e �
nue. have ariled from XX ai^*au.