Page 2 of 20 Jan 1820 Issue of Literary Cadet And Cheap City Advertiser in Cincinnati, Ohio

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Literary Cadet And Cheap City Advertiser (Newspaper) - January 20, 1820, Cincinnati, Ohio i . ttd Mng «a the bottoi»,^ate alioainner* oQs. tt^ÜKH^sometínietj^seoting no ob»trnction,tre frequently átngerou», and great care is neceasary in avoidii« them, ft it however believed, that wim the application of machinery of aufficient power, alHhat are dangerous can be removed at an expense comMratively small. “ The sand and ^vel bars being most serious, as well as the most numerous structions to the navigation, tíie best mode of removing them, and the mrobable «* pense, has exercised much of the attention of the commissioners. In speaking of the improvement of the river generally, they have no difficulty in expressing their decided judgment, that the obstructions can be removed or overcome; and that the navigation of the whole river can be rendered safe and certain at the lowest stages of water, for vessels of suflicient burden, ánd that at a less expense than is generally supposed: but whether these improvements will be best effected by cutting a channel throu^ tlie bar, or by rairing wing dams, or whether a channel and wing dams majnotalt be necessary to overcome the same impediment, can only ascertained by experiment. "In a table accompanying this report the different obstructions are placed in five classes. By this table it will appear, that in tile first class, there are eight shoals, on which the depth of water at the lowest point on each is from two feet four inches to two feet six inches. In the second class there are twenty-four, between two feet six in ches and three feet In the tliird class there are thirteen, between three feet and three feet six inches. In the fourth class there are twenty-two, between three f^t six inches and four feet. And in tbé fifth class there are thirty-five, between four feet and six feet. It is necessary, however, to observe that this classification is made with reference to the depth only, and that some obstructions placed in the lower classes will be removed with much less expense than some others, which have more depth of water. By a reference to the drafts it will be seen, that some of the bars, though shallow, are not of any great extent. "TTie facts exhibited by this table sufficiently indicate the obstructions which should first be removed. By commeocing with those of the lowest class, and proceeding to the others, the naviration will be rendered of a depth nearly uniform thro^ the whole course of the river. “ T^e commissioners are aware, tivat it is not specially required of them to suggest any plan to the respective states, for the improvement of the navigation. Their duty principally consists in examining andf reporting the obstructions. They are also required to note the probable expense of their removal; this part of Áeir duW, they have found to be exceed-ingly difficult, and no estimate they have yet made has satisfied themselves. Instead therefore, of fixing on any sum, the commissioners would most respectfully suggest, that each state appropriate ten thousand dollars, to be expended under thovdirection of agents appointed by the states respectively; that these agents be authorised to act jointly or separately; & that they may be required to commence ifiththe dbstru ctions ot the first and second claweSitnd annually to report their proceedings to their respective governments. " The sum of forty thousand dollars, judiciously applied, would be of lasting benefit to tne navigation, and by tlie reports of the agents the respective legislatures would be enabled to decide on the expediency of further appropriations. "From satisfactory information, and from the particular knowledge of the river below the falls at Louisville, possessed by one of themselves, the commissioners are enabled to state, tiiat the obstructions in that part of the river are few in number, and generally similar to those above, with the exception of‘Little Chain’ and‘Grand Chain,’ which are formed of rock, and at low water present serious obstructions to the navigation. “ The commissioners in performing the labors assigned them, at the falls of Oliio, after a careful examination, arc clearly of opinion that a canal and locks round the falls, is the only mode by which a safe and convenient passage can be procured for vesselt drawing six feet water, at all seasons of the year. To attem pt an opening ‘ ......e rock, of templated for canala on each side of the river, will be found accompany this report. llie cómate of the expense of each canal, is calculated by Mr. Baldwin, on the Kentucky aide, and by Mr. Flint, on the Indiana aide, addiM te Mr. Baldwin’s calculatkm two fiact of depth in the rock and twelve in breadth, and to Mr. Flint’s two feet of depth, is aa follows: ON THE KENTUCKY SIDE. 465 perchel in length. Width ftt bottom, 40 feet Depth of wmter «t the k>w«»t stsge, 6 feet. Aven^ depth of elsv to be removed, 14 feet. Aversge depth of roek to he removed. 8^ feet Excavstkn of clsj, 814,480 cubic jardi, lU SO eenU per yard, 64,458 Eseavation of rodk, 96,616 8-3 «mbio ynrdi, i^ l SOperrard, 144,985 Ixielu,iran,tools,{dank,wages,wing wall»,fee. 90,000 Opening the lied of the liver, 10,000 Contmgeueies, 81,91? m\k, 330,594 ON THE INDIANA SIDE. 868 perehes 10 Ihdu m length. Wnlth at bottom, 40 feet. Dcph of water, 6 feet Average depli of clay to be removed. 35 feet. Average deph of rock to be removed, 13 feet. Excavetioe of 1,438,857 cubic yards, at 30 eeots per yard, Excavation of rock, cubic yanls, at 1 50 per yard, Locks, fee. AdditHmal iron, tools, fee. AddhioDal wages, Cootingeneics, 430,156 50 543,680, 00 90.000 00 9,000 00 83.000 00 21,287 00 1,117,122 50 330,594 00 Diflérenec m estímate IM!i. 786,529 50 " It will be seen by this estimate that a canal on tiie Indiana side will cost more than twice the sum that will be required to complete the work on the Kentucky side* And as the primary object with all corporate bodies in undertaking a public work of this kind, is to collect from the toils a sum equal to from six to ten per cent on the capital expended, and as the passage of boats or use of the canal, will be the same on either side, the tolls on tiie Kentucky side may be less than one half of what they will necessarily be on the other. “ By a reference to the accompanying drawings, It will appear, that the lower junction of the canal witJi the river on the Indiana side, is from one half, to three quarters of a mile higher up tlie river, than that on the Kentucky shore. Between these two points, there is, at certain stages of viater, when the canal will be most used, a somewhat difficult, and dangerous passage, which may be avoided by the canal on the Kentucky side. But as the junction of the canal with the river as contemplated by Mr. Baldwin, is above the lower point of these dangers, the commissioners are of opinion, that it will be found expedient to change the route, and enter the river lower down; tliis will add to the length of the canal, consequently, te the aggr^te expense for excavations on the lower part. Additional expense will also be incurred in clearing the bed of the river from the basin to the mouth of the canal. For the expense of these two items, say 850,000; this will make the whole expense of the canal on the Kentucky side, 8380,594. "On a full examination of the sites on each side of the river, the commissioners are clearly of opinion, that the work is practicable on either side, and that either canal can be made perfectly secure from freshets at any stage of water. But from the estimates of expense, and the junctions of tiie diflerent canals with the river, the commifiHioners are unanimous in giv-V a decided preference to the Kentucky side. S. BLACKBURN, JOHN ADAIR, ROW’D. W. TUPPER, WALTER LOWRIE. GaUopitli»^ 0/do, Mv. 2i/, 1819.” in the bed of the river throu^ the rock, sufficient breadth and depth to afforé sluice or channel of six feet water, would be a work of much difficulty/great expense, uncertain in its duration, as the tabor could only be performeil at low water, and at least doubtful as to its consequence and utility. Believing then, that tne great offiect ol a safe and certain nsvi-ntion at all seasons can only be obtained by means of a canal and locks, the com-missionm have caused an accurate survey to be made of tiie river, from the head of the falls to the foot, a drawing of together witii that of the sites, con- according to the report of the eoAiinifi-sioQcra, who make the cost of the shortest route on that side 8330,594. But as they advise a longer route to be taken, with a view to disembogue below all the dangers of the falls, which will cost 850,000 more, we may consider the difference of expense in favor of Louisville as 8104,132; and to this advantage in point of expense, we may add, acceding to our understanding oi the reports, the advanti^ of two feet more in dept^ or add to & difference of expense to obtain an equal depth on this side. Mr. Flint recommends the shortest and cheapest route on this side to be taken, or rather states that it is the one preferred and adopted; and informs us, that a large ditch, upwards of a mile lon^, is abready cut in the upper part of the route; that a dam for torning the waters of Cane run through it, is in a state of forwardness; and that at the expense of 8500 more, the dam may be completed, and the waters of several large ponds also brmight into the ditch. By the ud of these, to wash away the dirt throu^ the whole length of the canal; and then with the more powerful aid of the waters of the Ohio in moderate freshes; he expects the labor and expense to be very much diminished. He urges the prosecution of the work at the present season, in order that this washing process may be pursued while the waters are abundant Some observations on the comparative advantages of the different sides of the river, are promised Mr. Flint; and an article on the probaUe revenue which the canal will yield, is promised from Mr. Harrison, the lieutenant governor of Indiana. lilTEiUMlX CABliT. Thursday Mornings January 20. COLLEGES. |C?=* PrECISELV as we ANTISIPATED, the Literary Cadet has been denounced, through the medium of the UJ^free and independent press of this city, for having presumed to say some things, which were not entirely acceptable to the powers that be! It is not to be endured, that a press should be established in Cincinnati, upon the independent principle of telling the truth fearlessly—the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. Down with the rebellious intruder—dotm with fairly and honestly if we can—if not, down with it by falsehood, calumny, and every species of moral assassination I Such is the Canal at the Falls of Ohio.—A report on the Jeffersonville canal, by Mr. Jas. Flint, the Engineer, was published in the last Western Spy; in which he makes an estimate of the expense, and states the progress of the work, with a variety of other circumstances connected with it. He states that there are two routes, along which the canal might be carried—that the expense on one of tiiem would be 8808,976—and on the other, only 8484,726, including the ex pense of removing some obstructions in the bed of the river, below the lower extremity of the canal. By adverting to tlie report of the commissioners, it will be seen, that on the authority of Mr. Flint, t'ley have stated the cost of a canal on this side to be 81,117,122. It is obvious, thaf they have a reference to the longest, and moet expensive route descrié by Mr. Flint; and (he difference between their and his statement of the expense on tiiat route, is explained by their having added, as they iiferm us, two feet in deptii to his calculation. He setmt to be content with 4 feet of water at the lowest stage of the river, while they wish to go deep enough to have 6 feet The d¡íTerence of expense, in favor of the Kentucky tide, U still 8154,132, sentiment, which now prevails in certain Iweasts, and governs the conduct of certain individuals m this city. When the Cadet was first issued, an experiment was made by one of the lords of the ctiy—one of the regulators of the free press, to ascertain how far this paper was to be independent in/ncf—to ascertain, whether it was to be, like the others, merely free in profession and theory, or actually free in spirit and in practice.— 'fhe result of the experiment proved, that the practice was to correspond with the avowed principles of the paper: and from that moment, it was decideti in the great sanhedrim, that this paper must not be encouraged, nor tolerated among their loyal su^ects. It remains to be ieen, whether they are realla, as they have fancied themselves to be, the. lords of the city, si^inst whose domination not even a rebellious thought must rise, under the pains and penalties of treason ; or whether the people here, are free and independent republicans, who will encourage any press tiiey please, and think and act as tiiey please in all other matters whatsoever. From the signs of the times, we incline to think that the latter will be found to be the fact. The arrojpiat dictatbn of them lords, and the slavishness of tlie press to their views, had become as notorious as the current in the Ohio river: and a free minded and disgusted pe^e, had already begun to spurn at the insolence of the one, and to despise the tame obsequiousness of the other. ’V\ie first slander, which they invented, to oppose the Cadet, was, that tiie ol^ct of its editor was to defend the bani of tiie United States! But they were soon obliged to shut their mouths on that topic: not conceiving, however, according to their own principles and practice, how a be free in good faith, they press could nave resorted to a number of otW equally false and slanderous suppositions, to account for the establishment of this paper, and if possible to prevent it from sncreed-ing. But an enligntened and indepemlent peopla will teacn thtm, that their calumnious and tnferrstfd inventiont will avail them notiling. We are tmd, that the Littraiy Cadet has made. " an iwgvMroiis atUuk on the college in this city,” because it has presumed to suggest the mode, by wkkh that t eoUt^ mi^it he made the meé fiaurish-vwtnstitution in the western country! T& was truly a most unkind, ur^ener^ ous attack on the college! Mliat! presume to make it a flourishing institution I presume to suggesLthe means, by which two hundred studeiks might be attracted to its halls! No—let us bind it down to the earth, and keep it for ever in a state of pupUage and insignificance, and denounce evenr man,who suggests any thing for its benent, as an ungenerous assailant. In the summer of 1815, the editor of this paper made the same kind of ungenerous attack on the college at Lexington; an institution, which was then in a state of utter insignificance and uselessness. He informed the people there, and the friends and guardians of the college, in what manner it mi^t be made, whafthey have since actually made it, the most flourishing institution in the western country. But his suggestions were re-garded by some, as they are now regarded Here by certain individuals, as a most ** ungenerous attack** on the colie^ Í— Jnd it is rmarkable, that oreciseTy the same arguments were used there, in onpo-sition to the improvement of the college, which are now urged in this place. We stated last week, that if a man of splendid talents and acquirements, a gbn-tleman of commanding popularity, were placed at the head of our collége, an assemblage of two hundred students might soon be counted in its balls: and this it is, which is denounced as a most ungenerous attack on the college. And why i Because it implies that Mr. Slack is not such a man! We are told moreover, that in every department of science, Mr. Slack is infinitely superior to Mr. Holley at Lexington—^that the latter never made any pretensions to extraordinary literary acquirements, beyond a mere belles lettres education—and that he has in fisct, nothing to recommend him but his flowery eloquence. Admit all this to be true, yet it does not follow, that the interest» of the coUege here would not be piximoted by the m«isure we recommended. We are by no means for turning out Mr. Slack: our plan is, te comlune with his solidity, the splendor and popularity of a Holley. At Lexington, they nave had a professor in the colu^ for 14 or 15 years, who is as profound in science, and as amiable a man, as Mr. Slack himself; but who was never aide to make the institution popular, because he had not the right kind of talents. 'The editor of thb paper is not particularly partial to Mr. llollej: he is not thfe putier and eulorist of that gentleman: he 1 denounced as the author Has even been of a most diaholieal and malignant attack upon him, because he was independent enough to suggest to him, as he has done to others, where the public interest required it, in what manner he might more effectually promote that interest As we said in our last number, the college here has been but recently organised; and its means may not be very ample; we are not tiierefore dispoeed to say, that its managers are censurable for not hav-i^ already made it more flourishinjg. They tell us, that Mr. Slack vs precisely the Idnd of man, who is calculated Ur wi jve it permanent ^sperity. We are tilling tha¿ they Jiould have time to make the experiment with him. We are not disposed to hurry them. In our opinion, they ought to nave a man at the helm, who has more popular talents— and we arc not afraid to express that opinion—but as they plead infancy, we aré willing to give them time. Let them try their favorite—but if they do not succeeil, as fast as a college in this eity should succeed, they may expect to hear again from the Cadet. In fifteen months,. Mr. Holley assembled 200 students at Lexington. As there are trustees, and three imperial newsfuipers here, to puff Mr. Slack and the college; as the popnlntioii of the ciW is nearly tiiree times as gt^ as that of Lexington, and the population of the state much greater than that of Kentucky; and as there is nothing to oppose the progress of the institution, but the mere opinion of the Cadet, we may reasonably expect, that if that opinion be not weltfounued, the most splendid sue-oets will attend the college. It ought very soon te throw flm Kentucky University into the shade; and that it may do so, is the moat siseere wish of the e&tor of this piper. Before we leave thta subfect, it may be well enough to remark, that the ungenerous attsck on the Cadet, for wbat it has sshI about the college, was not made chiefly on account of tlmt ifestitutiti}. It has a deeper oiigtn. Tliere aré peiyons and presses in this city, whose oji^itioa to the establishment of a FREE PRESS, is violentjmplacableinterminable, libere lies the aecret origin of this MUimded defence of the colmge. I'he^ nave been secretly laboring for some tune past, te ■á. mi usise:

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