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Cambridge News (Newspaper) - December 6, 1877, Cambridge, Ohio
To he Cambridge news. Published every thursday a at Cambridge Guernsey county Ohio. Ii. Haines publisher. Terms of subscription. For one year of paid within the year.$2 Roll not paid until after the year expires. 2 50 no paper discontinued until All the arrearage ire paid except at the option of the publisher. A very Large circulation. Cambridge news Tol. . 20. Cambridge Ohio thursday december 6, 1877. 2.00 per annul. The Cambridge news. Advertising rates. Sac it. 8 in. 6 in. I Yea one Quarter column. £12 �1� 7 Tan in one third column. 17 50 20 of 40 of 25 of 31 50 60 of 40 of 50 of too of one half column. One column. Fifteen cents per line for local in Reading matter ten Cento per line for local notices Erat insertion and five Cento per line each subsequent insertion ten cents per line Tor special notices first insertion and 3%c. Per line each subsequent insertion. Marriage and death notices free. Obituaries Hee cents per line. Business cards. A. Coo fun. Jsn Rinson. Ors. Cooper 4k, Jefferson dentists Cambridge Ohio. I office on West Market Street Over Shaffner Teeth extracted without pain a Beymer a store. By the use of nitrous oxide or laughing Gas. Mar4-�?T75-tf be lev a Twilt citizens of the Honto and House of Ulep a a live Thompson s. Crow proprietor of Farmers. Hotel on Mill Street one Square South of win. Rainey amp songs dry goods store. May 3d, �?T77-tf j. G. Ferbrache livery and Sale stable in the rear of times building. I�1 patronage solicited. Accommodations Good oct Cambridge Ohio. Morton House formerly Starr hotel Joseph Morton proprietor West Side Public Square Cambridge Ohio. New pleasant and convenient. Net 2973 a a. S excl aug a hotel formerly the Warner House Ald w Ell Ohio. Thomas Lloyd proprietor. This la use has been newly refitted and re furnished. Thorough attention will be Given to the Accomma Adon Ani Comfort of attests May 24. 1877-tf. Fine new factory. Carr shoe maker William a. Boot and Cambridge Ohio. 82"shop in Rainey a building on Mill St making Aud repairing sewed work a specially Iysha of j. Woodford feed and Sale stable on Pine Street North of main. Livery persons arriving on the cars or any others taken to All Points of Guernsey county on the shortest notice. Ap22-�?T75-tf j. I. Taylor. T. H. Anderson Taylor amp Anderson at Torne is at Law Zebun to office adjoining the Taylor Block. A we. M. Siens attorney at Law and notary Public. Will practice in Guernsey and adjoining counties. Collections promptly attended to. Post office address Cambridge Ohio. June 15-74_ t. O. Mann Carpenter and Joiner Cumberland Ohio. By persons wishing work in this line will be promptly accommodated by calling on or addressing the above named. June 15-74 d. K. Kyles Maeb Leand Granite works Cambridge Ohio. Keeps on hand a Fine Tot of the celebrated red and Gray scotch Granite monuments at the lowest prices. Italian and american Marble monuments of the Best style and Quality. Marble and slate mantles. Mayj8-75-tf at Mackey Sart gallery Cambridge. A specially is mane of Fine photographs. Also copying and enlarging old pictures and finishing them in India Ink water and Oil colors. Oct 2�?~.-74 a. F. Hubert Boot and shoe manufacturer and dealer in leather and findings. Work put up to order and Warran de. Two do irs ast of tobacco factory main St. April 19, 1877. Cambridge o. Mrs. Sarah Jane Moss is prepared to clean and color clothing for ladies and gentlemen braid hair and make switches to order. Combines straightened. Janl�?T76 Ambridge o. Or. C. T. Sweet dentist Cumberland Ohio. Teeth extracted without pain by the use of a harmless dec. 28, 1876-tf Lambert Thomas. E. Harper Jef Fri. Lambert Thomas 4k co., produce Aid Wool commission merchants 1311 North water Street and 146 Delaware wharf Philadelphia a. June to 7 Kirk House formerly Grant House Corner of Market and fourth Street. W. Life. S. M. Kirk proprietors. June 15-74 Zanesville Ohio. J. W. Lippincott proprietor of the Beec Lior Wonso Cor. Broadway and South streets Quaker City Ohio. Of this is one of the Hest arranged houses in Eastern Ohio. Guests will receive every attention necessary to their Comfort. April 12, 77-tf Fairview House Fairview Ohio. J. F. Dubois proprietor. This House is newly fitted tip and kept in modern style. Good stabling. May 18-tf Mccollum 4k Mckinney Are prepared to attend to All the wants of their customers in their line of making and repairing wagons of All sizes and patterns. They also invite attention to the facilities for Szzto Hiing and the other thousand and one things made at the blacksmiths shop. Mccollum a Mckinney mar23-�?T75 of South end Mill Street in great gratitude to the Bountiful giver of All Good i congratulate you at the beginning of your first regular session. You find our country blessed with health and peace and abundant harvests and with encouraging prospects of an ettely return of general Prosperity. The Southern outfit ton. To Complete and maid permanent the pacification of the country of litanies to be and until it is Tully accomplished must remain the most inn in it rant of All our National interests. The Cill nest purpose of Good citizens generally to unite their efforts in these Endeavor is evident. It found decided expression in the resolutions announced in 187g by the National conventions of the leading political parties of the country. There was a widespread apprehension that the momentous results Iii our Progress As a nation marked by the recent amendments to the Constitution were in imminent jeopardy that the understanding which prompted their adoption in the interest of a Loyal Devotion to the general welfare might prove a Barren truce and that the sections of the country once engaged in civil strife might be again almost tis widely severed Ami disunited us they were when arrayed in arms against each other. The course to be pursued which in my judgment seemed Wisest in the presence of this emergency was plainly indicated in my inaugural address. It pointed to the time which All our people desire to see. When a genuine love of our whole country and of All that concerns its True welfare shall supplant the destructive forces of Mutual animosity of races and of sectional hostility. Opinions have differed widely As to the measures Best calculated to secure tins great end. This was to be expected. The measures adopted by the administration have been subjected to severe and varied criticisms. Any course whatever which might have been entered upon w Ould certainly have encountered distrust and opposition. These measures were in my judgment such As were most Iii Harmony with the Constitution and with tile Genius of our people and Best adapted under All circumstances to attain the end in View. The Beneficent results already apparent prove that these endeavours Are not to be regarded As a Mere Experiment and should sustain and encourage us Iii our efforts. Already in the Brief period which has elapsed the immediate effectiveness Ink less than the Justice of the course pursued is demonstrated and i have an abiding Faith that time will furnish its ample vindication in the minds of the great majority of my fellow Eit zeus. The discontinuance of the use of the army for the purpose of upholding local governments in two states of the Union was no less a constitutional duty and requirement under the circumstances existing at tile time than it was a much needed measure for the restoration of local self government and the promotion of National Harmony. The withdrawal of the troops from such employment was effected diligently and w Ith solicitous care for the peace and Good order of society and the Protection of the property and persons and of every right of All classes of citizens. The results that have followed Are indeed significant and encouraging. All apprehension of danger from the remitting of those state to local self government is dispelled and a most salutary change in the minds of the people has begun and is in Progress in every part of that Section of country once the theater of unhappy civil strife substituting for suspicion distrust and aversion Concord Friendship and patriotic attachment to the Union. No unprejudiced mind will deny that the often fatal collisions which for several years have been of frequent occurrence and have alarmed the Public mind have almost entirely ceased and that a spirit of Mutual forbearance and Hearty National interest has succeeded there has been a general re establish lament of order and of the orderly administration of Justice and instances of remaining lawlessness have become of rare occurrence. Political turmoil and turbulence have disappeared useful industries have been resumed Public credit in the Southern states has been greatly strengthened and the encouraging benefits of a revival of Commerce Between sections of the country lately embroiled in civil War Are fully enjoyed. Such Are some of the results already attained upon which tile country is to be congratulated. They Are of such importance that we May with Confidence patiently await the desired consummation that will surely come with the natural Progress of events. It May not be improper Here to say that it should be our fixed Aud unalterable determination to protect by All available and proper Means under the Constitution and the Laws the lately emancipated race in the enjoyment of their rights and privileges and i urge upon those to whom heretofore the coloured people have sustained the relation of Bondmen the Wisdom Aud Justice of humane and Liberal local legislation with respect to their education and general Wel i fare adherence to the Laws both National and i state As to the civil and political rights of tile coloured people now advanced to full and equal citizenship. The immediate repression and sure punishment by the National and local authorities. Within in their respective jurisdiction of every instance of lawlessness and violence toward them is required for the Security alike of both races and is justly demanded by the Public opinion of the country and the age. In this Way the restoration of Harmony and Good will and the Complete Protection of every citizen in the full enjoyment of every constitutional right will surely be attained. Whatever authority rests with me to this end i shall not hesitate to put Forth whatever belongs to the Power of Congress and the jurisdiction of the courts of the Union they mar confidently vie relied upon to provide and perform and to the Legislatures the courts and the executive authorities of the several states i earnestly Appeal to secure by adequate appropriate and seasonable Means within their birders those common and uniform rights of a United people which love Liberty abhor oppression and Revere Justice. These objects Are very dear to my heart. I shall continue most earnestly to strive for their attainment. The cordial cooperation of All classes of All sections of the country and of both races is required for this purpose and with these blessings assured and not otherwise we May safely Hope to hand Down our free institutions of government unimpaired to the generations that w ill succeed us. Resumption and specie payment. Among the subjects of great and most general importance to the people of this country cannot be mistaken i think in regarding As preeminent the Iki Licy and measures which Are designed to secure the restoration of the currency to that Normal and healthful condition in which by the resumption of a Viecie payments our internal Trade and foreign Commerce system May be brought into Harmony with the system of exchanges which is based Uit on Tho precious Metal As the intrinsic Money of the world. In the Public judgment that this end should be sought and compassed As speedily and securely As the resources of the people and the Wisdom of their representatives can accomplish there is a much greater degree of unanimity than is found to concur in the Bike Effic measures w hich will bring the country to the desired end or the rapidity of the Steps by which it can be safely reached. Upon a most anxious and deliberate examination which i have Felt it my duty to give to the subject. I am but the More confirmed in the opinion which i expressed in accepting the nomination for the presidency and again upon my inauguration that the policy of resumption should be pursued by every suitable Means and that no legislation would be Wise that should disparage the in Whir Tance or retard the attainment of Quot that result. J have no disposition and certainly no right to question the sincerity or the intelligence of opining opinions and would neither conceal nor undervalue the considerable difficulties and even occasional distresses which May attend the Progress of the nation toward this primary condition to its general and permanent Prosperity. I must however adhere to my most Earnest conviction that any wavering in purpose or unsteadiness in methods so far from avoiding or reducing the inconvenience inseparable from the transition from an irredeemable to a redeemable palier currency would Only tend to increased and prolonged disturbance in values and unless retrieved must end in serious disorder Dishonour Ami disaster in the financial affairs of the government and of the people. The mischief which i apprehended and a gently deprecated Are confined to no class of the people indeed but seem to me most certainly to threaten the industrious masses whether their occupations Are of skilled or common labor. To them it seems to me it is of prime importance that their labor should be compensated in Money which is itself fixed in exchangeable value by being irrevocably measured by the labor necessary to its production. This permanent finality of the Money of the people is sought for and can Only be gained by the resumption of specie payments. The Rich. The speculative tile operating the Money dealing classes May not always feel the mischief of. Or May find casual profits in a variable currency but the misfortunes of such a currency to those who Are Jaid salaries or Wadies Are inevitable and Remedi less. Lonely connected with this general subject of the resumption of a Viecie payments is one of subordinate. But still of grave importance. I mean the readjustment of our coinage system by the renewal of the Silver Dollar As an element in our specie currency endowed by legislation with the Quality of Legal tender to a greater or less extent. As there is no doubt of the Power of Congress under the Constitution to Coin Money and regulate the value thereof and As this Power covers the whole Range of authority applicable it the Metal the raps i value and the Legal tender Quality which shall be adopted for the coinage the considerations which should induce or discourage a particular measure connected with the coinage belong clearly to the province of legislative discretion and of Public expediency. W without intruding upon the province of legislation in the least i have yet thought the subject of such critical importance in the actual condition of our affairs As to present an occasion for the exp Ilu a a a a i by the Constitution i resilient or recommending to the Coner t ingress a a stuff measures As he on the Side ration shall judge necessary and holding the i do the interests of the government nor of the people of the United mates would be promoted by disparaging Silver As one of the two precious metals which furnish the intrinsic coinage of the world and that legislation which looks to maintaining the volume of that intrinsic Money to As full a measure of both metals As their relative commercial values will permit would be neither unjust nor inexpedient. I must ask your indulgence to a Brief and definite statement of certain essential features in any such legislative measures which i feel it my duty to recommend. I do not propose to enter the Debat seated on both sides by such Abl repro disputants in h y approval May wholly supersede the necessity of my entering into these considerations and i willingly avoid either vague or intricate inquiries. It is Only certain Plain and practical traits of such legislation that i desire to recommend to your attention. In any legislation providing for a Silver coinage regulating it value Aud imparting to it the Quality of Legal tender it seems to me of great importance that Congress should not lose sight of its action As operating in a two fold capacity and in two distinct directions. It the Uci tril states government were for. Orff ii ii Public debt its legislative Deli log with the question of Silver coinage would be purely Sovereign anti governmental under no restraints but those of constitutional Power and the Public Good As affected by the proposed legislation but in the actual circumstances of the nation with a vast Public debt distributed very widely among our own citizens and held in great amount also abroad the nature of the Silver coinage measure As affecting this relation of the government to the polders of the Public debt becomes an element in any proposed legislation of the highest concern. The obligation of the Public Faith transcends All questions of profit or in min advantage otherwise and its maintenance is the dictate Aswell of the highest expediency As of the most necessary duty and will be carefully guarded by Congress ail Jie Ople alike. The Public debt of the United states to the amount of $729,000,000 bears interest at the rate of 6 per cent., and $708,, xxx at the a Ftp ref 3 per cent., and tile Only Way in which i lid country can be relieved from the tile tit of these High rates of interest i Quot advantageously refunding the indebtedness. Whether the debt is ultimately paid in Gold or Iii Silver Coin is of but Little moment Coin Laired with the possible reduction of interest one third Byre funding it at such reduced rate of the United staff s had the unquestionable rigid to july ifs Bonds in Silver Coin the Little Buff edit for Ifni that process would Liq greatly Over balanced by the injurious effect of such payment if made or proposed against the holiest convictions of the Public creditor. All the Bonds that have been issued since feb. 12, 1873, when Gold became the Only National Legal tender metallic currency Are justly payable in Gold Coin or Coin of equal value. During the time of these issues the Only Dollar that could be or was received by the government Iii Exchange for bends was the Gold Dollar. To require the Public creditors to take in repayment any Dollar of less commercial value would be regarded by them As a reputation of the full obligation assumed. The Bonds issued prior to 1873 were issued at a time when a Gold Dollar was the Only Cor bin circulation or contemplated by either the government or the holders of the Bonds As the Coin in which they ought to be paid. It is far better to pay these Bonds in that Coin than to seem to take advantage of the unforeseen fall of Silver Bullion to pay in a new Issue off Silver Coin a that made in much less valuable. The Power of the United states to Coin Money and to regu late the value thereof ought never to be exercised for the purpose of enabling the government to pay its obligations in a Coin of less value than that contemplated by the parties when the Bonds were issued. Any attempt to pay the National indebtedness in a coinage of Jess commercial value than the Money of tile world we Ould involve a violation of the Public Faith and work irreparable injury to the Public credit. It was the great Merit of the aet of March 1869, in strengthening the Public credit that it removed All doubt As to the purpose of the United states to pay their bonded debt in Coin. That act was accepted As a pledge of Public Faith. The government has derived great Benefit from it in the Progress thus far made in refunding the Public debt at a Low rate of interest. An adherence to the Wise and just policy of an exact Bose in Ance of the Public Faith will enable the government rapidly to reduce the Burden of interest on the National debt to an amount exceeding $20,000,000 per annul and effect an aggregate saving to the United states of More than $300,060,000 before the Bonds can be fully it id. Ill adapting the new Silver coinage to the Ordinary use of currency in the every Day transactions of life and preserving the Quality of the Legal tender to be assigned to it a consideration of the first importance should be so to adjust the ratio Between the Silver and Gold coinage which now constitutes our a Viecie currency As to accomplish the desired end of maintaining the circulation of the two metallic currencies and keeping up the volume of the two previous metals As our intrinsic Money. It is a mixed question for scientific reasoning and historical experience to determine How far and by what methods a practicable equilibrium can be maintained which will keep both metals in circulation in their appropriate spheres of common use. An absolute Equality of commercial value free from disturbing fluctuations is hardly attainable and without it an unlimited Legal tender for private transactions assigned to both metals would tend to drive out of circulation the dearer coinage and disappoint the principal object proposed by the legislation in View. I a it pretend. Therefore that the two conditions of a near approach to Equality of commercial value Between the Gold and Silver coinage of the same denomination and of a limitation of amounts for which the Silver coinage is to be a Legal tender. Are essential to maintaining both in circulation. Of these conditions can be successfully observed the Issue from the mint of Silver dollars would afford material assistance to the Community in the transition to redeemable paper Money and would facilitate the resumption of specie payment and its permanent establishment. W without these conditions i fear that Only mischief and misfortune would flow from a coinage of Silver dollars with the Quality of unlimited Legal tender. Even in private transactions any expectation of temporary ease from an Issue of Silver coinage to pass As a Legal tender at a rate materially above its commercial value is. I am Ier shaded a delusion nor can i think that there is any substantial distinction Between an original Issue of Silver dollars at a nominal value materially above their commercial value and the restoration of the Silver Dollar at a rate which was. But has ceased to be its commercial value. Certainly the Issue of our Gold coinage reduced in weight materially below its Legal tender value would not be any the less a present debasement of the coinage by reason of its equating or even exceeding in weight a Good coinage which at some past time had been commercially equal to the Legal tender value assigned to the new Issue. In recommending that the regulation of any Silver coinage which May be authorized by Congress should observe these conditions of commercial value and limited Legal tender i am governed by the feeling that even possible increase should be Given to the volume of metallic Money which can be kept in circulation and thereby every possible Aid afforded to the people in the process of resuming specie payment. It is because of my conviction that a disregard of these conditions would frustrate the Good results which arc desired from the proposed coinage and Embarrass with new elements of confusion and uncertainty the business of the country that i urge upon your attention these considerations. I respectfully recommend to Congress that in any legislation providing for a Silver coinage imparting to it the Quality of Legal tender there be impressed upon the measure a firm provision exempting the Public debt heretofore issued and now outstanding from payment either of principal or interest in any coinage of less value Quot than the present Gold coinage of the country. Evil so vice Reform. The organization of the civil service of the country has for a number of years attracted More and More of Public attention. To general has become the opinion that the methods of admission to it and the conditions of remaining in it Are unsound that both of the great political Par extent under my direction. The commission has still a Legal existence although for several years no appropriation has been made for defraying its expenses. Believing that this commission has rendered valuable service and will be a most invaluable Agency in improving the administration of the civil service i respectfully recon mend that a suitable appropriation be immediately made to enable it to continue its services it is my purpose to Temh shit re Congress Iii Early Aso Eti Firbie Quot the report by the chairman of the commission and to ask your attention to such measures on this subject As in your opinion will further promote the improvement of the civil service. At peace with foreign Powers. During the past year the United states have continued to maintain peace relations with foreign Powers the outbreak of the War Between Russia and Turkey though at Tine titties attended with grave apprehension As to its effect upon other european nations has had no tendency to disturb the amicable relations existing Between the United states and each of the Twu Tion Freml ing j Lowers an attitude of just and impartial neutrality has been preserved and. I am gratified to state in the midst of their hostilities both the russian and turkish governments have shown an Earnest desire to adhere to the obligations of All treat ies with the United states and to give due regard to the rights of american citizens. By of Chi terms of the treaty defining the rights immunities and privileges of consuls Between Italy and the United states ratified in 1868, either government May after the lapse of ten years terminate the existence of the treaty by giving ten months notice of its intention. The government of Italy availing itself of this facility. Has now Given the requited notice Anil the treaty will accordingly end sept. 17 1878 it is however that the italian government wishes to renew it in its general scope desiring Only certain modifications Iii some of its articles. In this disposition i concur and shall Hope that no serious obstacles May intervene to prevent or delay tile negotiations of a satisfactory treaty. Naturalization complications. Numerous questions with regard to passports naturalization anti exemption from military service have continued to arise ill cases of emigrants from Germany who have returned to their country the provisions off the treaty of feb. 22, 1868. However have proved to be so ample and so judicious that the legation of the United states at Berlin has been Able to adjust All claims arising under it. Not Only without detriment to the amicable relations existing Between the two governments but it is believed without injury or injustice to duly naturalized american citizens. Congress and before the people and in the press As to the extent to which the legislation of any one nation can control this question even within its own Borders against the unwritten Laws of Trade or the positive Laws of other governments. 4 he Wisdom of Congress in shaping any particular Law that May be presented for ties have agreed in most explicit declarations of the necessity of Reform and in the most emphatic demands for it. I have fully considered the declarations and demands to be the expression of the sincere conviction of the intelligent masses of the people upon the subject and that they should be recognized and followed by Earnest and prompt action on the part of the legislative and executive departments of the government. In pursuance of the purpose indicated before Ray accession to this office i endeavoured to have my own views distinctly understood. And upon my inauguration my Accord with the Public opinion was stated in terms believed to a Plain and unambiguous. My experience in the executive duties has strongly confirmed my belief in the great advantage the country would id in observing strictly the plan of the Constitution which imposes a Hui the executive the sole duty and responsibility of the selection of those Federal officers win by Law Are appointed not elected and which in like manner assigns to the Senate the Complete right to advise and consent to or to reject the nominations so made whilst the House of representative stands As the Public censor of the performance of official duties with the prerogative of investigation and providing in All cases of dereliction. The blemishes and imperfections in the civil service May As i think be traced in most cases to a practical confusion of the duties assigned to the several departments of the government. My purpose in this respect has been to return to the system established by the fundamental Law and to do this with the Heartiest co operation and most cordial understanding with the Senate and House of representatives. The practical difficulties in the selection of numerous officers for posts of widely varying responsibilities and duties Are acknowledged to be very great. No system can be expected to secure absolute Freedom from mistakes and the beginning of any attempted change of custom is quite Likely to be More embarrassed in this respect than at any subsequent period. It is Here that the Constitution seems to most prove its claim to the great Wisdom accorded to it. It gives to the executive the assistance of the knowledge and experience of the Senate which when acting upon such nominations As to which they May be disinterested and impartial judges secures As Strong a guaranty from Freedom of errors of importance As is perhaps possible in human affairs. In addition to this i recognize the Public advantage of making All nominations As nearly As possible impersonal in the sense of being free from Mere Caprice or favor in these directions and in those offices in which special training is of increased value i claim that such a Rule As the tenure of office should obtain As May induce men of proper qualifications to apply themselves industriously to the task of becoming proficient. Bearing these things in mind i have endeavoured to reduce the number of changes in subordinate places usually made upon the change of general administration and shall most heartily a operate with Congress in the better systematizing of such methods and rules of admission to the Public service and of promotion within it As May Promise to lie most successful Iii making thorough efficiency and competency the decisive tests in these matters. I ask tile renewed attention of Long Ness to what has already been done by the civil service commission up toil Ted in pursuance of in aet of Congress by my predecessor to prepare and revise the civil service rules. In re to o in a sch of the department service especially at Washington it May he difficult to organize a better system than that which Lias thus been provided and it is now being used to a considerable it is desirable that the treaty originally Road with the North Gorilla ii Union in 1867 should now be extended so As to apply equally to All the states of the Empire of Germany. Tue French exposition. The invitation of the government of France to participate in the exposition of the products agriculture. Industry and the one arts to he held at Paris luring the coming year was submitted for your consideration at the extra session. It is not doubted that it acceptance by the United states Aud a Well selected exhibition of the products of american Industry on that occasion will tend to stimulate International Commerce and immigration As Well As to promote the traditional Friendship Between the two countries. A extradition treaty with great Britain. A question arose some time since As to the proper meaning of the extradition articles of the treaty of 1842 Between the United states Ami great Britain. Both governments however Are now in Accord in the belief that the question is not one that should be allowed to frustrate the ends of Justice or to disturb the Friendship Between the two nations. No serious difficulty has Arisen in accomplishing the extradition of criminals when necessary. It is probable that the Points of disagreement will in due time be settled and if need be a More explicit declaration be made in a new treaty. The fishery commission. The fishery commission under arts. 18 to 45 of the treaty of Washington has concluded its session. The result of the deliberations of the commission As made Public by the commissioners will be communicated to Congress. Trape Marks. A treaty for the Protection of Trade Marks has been negotiated with great Britain which lids been submitted to the Senate for its consideration. Mexico. The revolution which recently occurred in Mexico was followed by the accession of the successful party to Power Aud the installation of Gen. Portirio Diaz in the presidential Tolice. It has been the custom of the United states when such changes of government have heretofore occurred in Mexico to recognize and enter into official relations with the Defato government As soon As it should appear to have the approval of the mexican people and should Manifest a disposition to adhere to the obligations of treaties and International Friendship. In the present Case such official recognition has been deferred by the occurrences on the Rio Grande Border the records of which have already been communicated to each House of Congress in answer to respective resolutions of inquiry. Assurances have been received that the authorities at the seat of the mexican government have both the disposition and the a Liwer to prevent and punish such unlawful invasions and depredations. It is earnestly to be hoped that events May prove these assurances to be Well founded. The Best interests of both countries require the maintenance of peace upon the Borders and the development of Commerce Between the two republics. It is Gratifying to add that this temporary interruption of official relations has not prevented due attention by the representatives of the United states in Mexico to the Protection of american citizens As far As practicable nor has it interfered with the prompt payment of the amounts due from Mexico to the United states under treaty of july 4, 1868. And the awards of the joint commission. While i do not anticipate any interruption of the Friendly relations with Mexico yet i cannot but look with some solicitation upon a continuance of the Border disorders As exposing the two countries to manifestations of it Pular feeling and mischievous actions which Are naturally unfavourable to Complete Amity. Firm by Jet Ermine that nothing shall be wanting on my Wirt to promote a Good understanding Between the two nations. I yet must ask the attention of Congress to actual occurrences on the Border that the lives and property of our citizens May be adequately protected and peace preserved. The cuban insurrection. Another year has passed without bringing to a close the protracted contest Between the Spanish government and the insurrection in the Island of Cuba. While the United states have sedulously abstained from any intervention in this controversy it is impossible not to feel it is attended by incidents affecting the rights of american citizens. Apart from the effect of the hostilities upon Trade Between the United states and Cuba their Progress is inevitably accompanied by complaints having More or less foundation. Of searches arrests embargoes and oppressive taxes u it on property of american residents and of unprovoked interference with american vessels and Commerce. It is due the government of Spain to say that during the past year it has promptly disavowed and offered reparation for any unauthorized acts of unduly zealous subordinates whenever such acts have been brought to its attention. Nevertheless such occurrences cannot but tend to excite feelings of annoyance suspicion and resentment which Are greatly to aspic _ be deprecated Between the respective subjects and citizens of two Friendly jux a were. South America. Much delay consequent upon accusations of fraud in some of the awards has occurred in respect to the distribution of the limited amounts received from Venezuela under the treaty of april 25, 1866, applicable to the awards of the joint commission created by that treaty. So Long As these matters Are pending in Congress the executive cannot assume either to pass upon the questions presented or to distribute the fund received. It is eminently desirable that definite legislative action should be taken either deciding the awards to be final or providing some method for re examination of the claims. Our relations with the republics of Central and South America and with the Empire of Brazil have continued w without serious change further than the temporary interruption of diplomatic Intercourse with Venezuela and with Guatemala. Amicable relations have already been fully restored with Venezuela and it is not doubted that All grounds of misunderstanding with Guatemala will speedily be removed. From All these countries there Are favourable indications of a disposition on the part of their government and people to reciprocate our efforts in the direction of increased commercial Intercourse. The samoan islands. The government of the samoan islands has sent an envoy in the person of its Secretary of state to invite the government of the United states to advise and protect their Independence to establish commercial relations with their people and to assist them in their Steps toward responsible and regular government. The inhabitants of these islands having made considerable Progress in Christian civilization and the development of Trade Are doubtful of their ability to maintain Jie Aee and Independence without the Aid of some stronger Power. The subject is deemed worthy of respectful attention and the claims upon our assistance by these Distant communities will be carefully considered. Foreign Trade. The Long commercial depression in the United states has directed attention to the subject of the possible increase of our foreign Trade and the methods for its development not Only with Europe but with other countries and especially with the states and sovereigns of the Western hemisphere. Instructions from the department of state were issued to various diplomatic and consular officers of the government asking them to devote attention to the question of methods by which Trade Between the respective countries of their official residences and the United states could be most judiciously founded. In obedience to these instructions examinations and reports upon this subject have been made by Many of these officers and transmitted to the department and some Are submitted to the consideration of cd egress. Revenues expenditures and estimates. The annual report of the Secretary of the Treasury on the state of the finances presents important questions for the action of Congress upon some of which i have already remarked. The revenues of the government during the fiscal year ending june 30, 1877. Were $269,000 586.62. The total expenditures for the same period were $238,-666,003.93, leaving a surplus Revenue of $30,340,-577.69. This has substantially supplied the requirements of the sinking fund Tor that year. The last. Fiscal year the revenues of the government compared with the previous year have largely decreased. This decrease amounting to the sum of $18,481,452.54, was mainly in customs duties caused partly by a Large falling of in the amount of imported dutiable goods and i artly by the general fall of prices in the markets of production of such articles a pay of a i prom taxes while this is fill Iii diminution of the Revenue it has been aeon la Nied w Ith a very Large increase of exportation the total exports during the last fiscal year including Coin have been $658,637,457, and the imports have been $492,097,540, leaving a balance of Trade Iii favor of the United states amounting to the sum of $166,539,017, the beneficial effects of which extend to All branches of business. The estimated Revenue for the next fiscal year will impose upon Congress the duty of strictly limiting appropriations including the requisite sum for the maintenance of the sinking fund within tile aggregate estimated receipts while the aggregate off taxes should riot be increased amendments might Bernacle to the Revenue Laws that would without diminishing the Revenue relieve the people from an unnecessary Burden. A tax on Tea and Coffee is shown by the experience not Only of our own country but of other countries to be easily collected without loss by undervaluation and fraud and largely borne in the country of production. A tax of leu cents a Pound on Tea Huff two cents a Pound on Coffee would produce a Revenue exceeding $12,< Kim Hio and thus enable Congress to repeal a multitude of annoying taxes yielding a Revenue not exceeding that sum. The internal Revenue system grew out of the Lecce Sites of the w a and most of the legislation imposing taxes upon Domestic products under this system has been repealed by the substitution of a tax on Tea and Coffee All forms of internal taxation May be repealed except that which specifies tobacco and Beer. Attention is also called to the necessity of enacting More vigorous Laws for the Protection of the Revenue and for the punishment of frauds Aud smuggling. This can Best be done by judicious provisions that will induce the disclosure of attempted fraud by smuggling. All Revenue Laws should be simple in provisions and easily understood. To far As practicable the rates of taxation should be in the form of specific duties and not id Valorme requiring the judgment of experienced men to ascertain values and exposing the Revenue to the temptation of fraud. My attention has been called during the recess of Congress to the abuses existing in Tho customs and strenuous efforts have been made for their correction by executive order. The recommendations submitted to the Secretary of tile Treasury by a commission appointed to examine into the a of customs and duties of tin port of new York contain Many suggestions for the modification of the customs Laws to which the attention of Congress is invited. Bonds. It is a matter for congratulation that notwithstanding the severe burdens caused by the War the Public Faith with All creditors has been preserved and that As the result of this policy the Public credit has continuously advanced. And our Public securities Are regarded with Tim highest favor in the markets of the a world i Trust that no act of the government will East a shallow upon its credit the Progress of refunding the Public debt has been rapid and satisfactory. Thuer the contract existing when j entered upon tile discharge of the duties of my office Bonds bearing interest at the rate of per cent. Were being rapidly sold and within three months the aggregate sales of these Bonds had reached the sum of $200,000,- Khz. With my Sanction the Secretary of the Treasury entered into a new contract for the Sale of 4 per cent Bonds and within thirty Days lifter the Jio Puihar subscription for such Bonds was Oji ened subscriptions were had amounting to $76,496,500, which were paid within ninety Days after the Date of the subscription. By this process within but Little More than one year the amount of interest on the Public debt was reduced in the sum of $3,775, ski. I recommend that suitable provision be made to enable the people to easily convert savings into government securities As the Best Mode in w hich Small savings May be Well secured and yield a moderate interest. It is an object of Public policy to retain among our own people the securities of the United states. In this Way our country is guarded against their sudden return from foreign cutin tries caused by War or other disturbances beyond our limits. Foreign Commerce. The Commerce of the United states w Ith foreign nations Anil especially the Export of Domestic productions has of late years largely increased but the greater portion of this Trade is conducted Iii foreign vessels. The importance of enlarging our foreign Trade and especially by direct and speedy interchange with countries on this continent cannot be overestimated and it is a matter of great moment that our own shipping interests should receive to the utmost practical extent the Benefit of our Commerce with other lands. These considerations Are forcibly urged by All the Large commercial cities of the country and Public attention is generally and wisely attracted to the solution of the problems tin \ present. It is not doubted that a ingress w ill take them up in the broadest spirit of liberality. And respond to the Public demand by practical legislation u Iii this subject. The army. The report of the Secretary of War shows that the army has been actively employed during the year and has rendered very important service in repressing hostilities in the Indian country and preserving peace and protecting life and property in the Interior As Well As along the mexican Border. A Long and arduous Campaign has been prosecuted with final Complete Success against a portion of the Nez ponces tribe of indians. A t till account of this Campaign will be found in the report of the general of the army. It will be seen that in its course several Battles were fought in w hich a number of Gallant officers and men lost their lives. I join w Ith the Secretary of War and the general of the army in awarding to the officers and men employed in the Long and toilsome Pursuit and Iii the final capture of these indians the Honor and Praise which Are so justly their due. Previous to july i last the army was in accordance with Law reduced to tile maximum of 25, he enlisted men being a reduction of 2,500 below the Force previously authorized. This reduction was made As required by Law entirely from the infantry and artillery branches of the Pacific without any reduction of the cavalry. Under the Law As it now stands it is necessary that the the cavalry regiments be recruited to l k men to each company for service on the mexican and Indian frontiers. The necessary effect of this legislation is to reduce the infantry and artillery arms of the service below the an umber required for efficiency and i concur with the Secretary of War in recommending that aut Hority be Given to recruit All companies of infantry to at least fifty men and All batteries of artillery to about seventy five men with Power in Case of emergency to increase the former to Khz and the latter to 125 men each. I invite your special attention to the following recommendations of the Secretary of War first that provision be made for supplying to the army a More abundant and better Supply of Reading matter second that Early action Fie taken by Congress looking to a Complete revision and republication of the army regulations third that see. 1,258 of the revised statutes limiting the number of officers on the retired list be repealed fourth that the claims arising under the act of july 4. 1864. For supplies taken by the army during the War be taken from the offices of the quartermaster and commissary generals and transferred to the Southern claims commission or some other tribunal having More time and better facilities for their prompt investigation and decision than Are possible by these officers fifth that Congress provide for an annuity fund for the families of deceased soldiers As recommended by the paymaster general of the army. The Railroad strike riots. Very serious riots which occurred in several of the states in july last rendered necessary the employment of a considerable portion of the army to preserve the peace and maintain order. In the states of West v Irginia. Maryland Pennsylvania and Illinois these disturbances were so formidable As to defy the local and state authorities and the National executive was called upon in the Mode provided by the a institution and Laws to furnish military Aid and i am gratified to be Able to state that the troops sent in response to these Calls for Aid in the suppression of Domestic violence were Able by the influence of their presence in the disturbed regions to preserve the peace and restore order without the use of Force in the discharge of this delicate and important duty. Both officers and men acted with great prudence and courage and for their services deserve the thanks of the country. Along the Rio Grande. Disturbances along the Rio Grande in Texas to w hich i have already referred have rendered necessary the constant employment of a military Force in that country. A full report of All recent military operations in that Ipi Arter has been transmitted to the House of representatives in answer to a Resolution of that body and it will not therefore be necessary to enter into details. I regret to say that these Lawless incursions into our territory by armed bands from the mexican Side of the line for the purpose of robbery have been of frequent occurrence and Iii spite of the most vigorous efforts if the commander of our forces the marauders have generally succeeded in escaping into Mexico w Ith their plunder. In May last i gave orders for the exercise of the utmost vigilance on the part of our troops for the suppression of these raids and the punishment of the guilty parties As Well As the Rev Ca it Are of property stolen by them. Gen. Ord commanding in Texas was directed to invite the co operation of the mexican authorities in efforts to this end and to assure them that i was anxious to avoid giving the least offence to Mexico. At the same time Fie was directed to give notice of my determination to put an end to the invasion of our territory bylaw less bands intent upon the plunder of our peaceful citizens even if the effectual punishment of t he outlaws should make the crossing of the Border by our troops in their Pursuit necessary. It is believed that til is policy has had the effect to Check somewhat these depredations and that with a considerable increase of our Force upon that Frontier and the establishment of several additional military mists along the Rio Grande. So As the More effectually to guard that extensive Border that peace May be preserved and the lives and property of our citizens in Texas fully protected. The Navy. The report of the Secretary of the Navy shows that we have six squadrons now engaged in the Protection of our foreign Commerce and other duties pertaining to naval service. The condition and Ojie rational of the department an also shown la lie total expenditures fur i lie fiscal year Navy Yards. The appropriations for file present fiscal year commencing july 1877, Are $13,592,-932.90. The amount drawn from the Treasury from july i to nov. I 1877. Is $5,343.037.40of which there is estimated to be yet available $1,-029,528.30, show ing the amount of the actual expenditures during the first four months of the present fiscal year to have been $4,313,509.10. The Post office department. The report of the postmaster general contains a full aha dear statement of Tho operations and condition off the Post office department. The Ordinary revenues of the department for the fiscal year ending june 30,1877, including receipts from the Money order business ail from official Stamps and stamped envelopes amounted to the sum of $27,531,585.26. The additional sum of $7,013,000 was realized from the appropriations from the general Treasury for various purposes making the receipts from All sources $34,544,883.-26. The total expenditures during the fiscal year amounted to $33,436,322.44, leaving an excess of total Rece nits Over total expenditures of $1,058,-562.87, and ail excess of total expenditures Oyer Ordinary receipts of $5,784,737.18, deducting from the total receipts the sum of $63,261.84, received from International Motley orders of tile preceding fiscal year and deducting from the total expenditures the sum of $1,163,818.20 paid on liabilities incurred in the previous fiscal year the and receipts appertaining to the business of the last fiscal year were As follows expenditures $32,322,504.28 receipts Ordinary from moneys Piffier cosiness and official i mintage stamps$27,468,323.42 excess of expenditures $4,854,180.42. The Ordinary revenues for the Post office department for the year ending june 30,1879, Are estimated at an increase of 3 Lier cent Over those of 1877. Making $29,034,098.28, and the expenditures f or the same year Are estimated at $36,427,771, leaving Iii estimated deficiency for 1879 of $7,398,-392.02 the additional legislation recommended by the postmaster general for the improvement of the mail service and to protect the instal Rev Huck from the abuses practice under the existing Laws is respectfully commended to the careful consideration of Congress. The administration of Justice. The report of the attorney general contains several suggestions As to the administration of Justice to which i invite your attention. The pressure of business in the supreme court and Iii certain circuit courts of the United states is now such that serious delays to the great injury and even oppression of suitors occur and a remedy should be sought for Tifis condition of affairs. Whether it will be found in the plan briefly sketched in the report of increasing the number of judges of the circuit courts and by Means of this addition to the judicial Force creating an intermediate court of errors and appeals or whether some other Mode can be devised Tor alleviating the difficulties which now exist i leave to your mature consideration. Indian affairs. The present condition of the Indian tribes in in territories of the United states and our relate estimate Revi Mues of the current fiscal year ending june 30, 1877, was $16,077,974.54. There Are $265,500, Khz and tile estimated expenditures for the same period Are $232,430,643.72. La these estimates prove to by Correct there will by Asur plus Revenue of $33,069,356.28, an amount nearly sufficient for the sinking fund for that year. The estimated revenues for the next fiscal year Are $263,250,000. It appears from the report that during Are unpaid e Tai is Aga inst t Hedesa it men i chargeable to the last year which Are presented to Tho consideration of a ingress by the report of the Secretary. The est in ates for the fiscal year commencing july i. 1878, Are $16,233,234.40, exclusive of the sum of $2,314,231 submitted for new buildings repairs and improvements at the several the tons with them Are fully set Forth in the reports of the Secretary of the Interior and the commissioner of Indian affairs. After a series of most deplorable conflicts the successful termination of which while reflecting Honor Union the Brave soldiers who accomplished it cannot Lessen our regret at the occurrence we Are now at pea tie with All the Indian tribes on the Borders. To preserve that peace by a just and humane policy will be the object of my Earnest endeavours. A whatever May be said of their character and Savage propensities of the difficulties of introducing among them the habits of civilized life and the obstacles they have offered to the Progress of settling in certain parts of the country the indians Are certainly entitled to our sympathy and to a conscientious re so sect on our part for their claims upon our sense of Justice. They were the aboriginal occupants of the land we now possess they have been driven from place to places the Purchase Money paid to them in some cases for what they called their own has still left them poor in Many instances when they had settled Down mum land assigned them by compact and began to support themselves by their own labor they were rudely jostled off and thrust into the wilderness. Again Many if not nudist of our Indian wars have Hail their origin in broken promises and acts of iniquities upon our part and the Advance of the indians in civilization has been slow became the treatment they received did not permit it to be faster and More general. We cannot expect them to improve and to follow our guidance unless we keep Faith with them respecting the rights they possess Anil unless instead of depriving them of oppor tunes we lend them a helping hand. I cordially approve the policy regarding the management of Indian affairs outlined in the reports of the Secretary of the Interior and of the commissioner of Indian affairs the faithful performance of our promises As the first condition of a Good understanding w Ith the indians. I cannot too urgently recommend to Congress that prompt and Liberal provision be made for the conscientious i to i to 11�? Merit of All engagements entered into by the government with the Indian tribes. To withhold the Means necessary for the performance of a Promise is always false Economy and is Apt to proved Isas trolls Iii its consequences. Especial can in recon mended to provide for the indians settled on their reservations Cuttle and agricultural implements to Aid them in w whatever efforts they May make to support themselves and by the re Esta bushmen and maintenance of schools to bring them under the control of civilized influences. I see no reason Why indians who can give satisfactory proof of having by their own labor Supin ated their families for a number of years and who Are willing to detach themselves from their tribal relations should not be admitted to the Benefit of the Homestead act Anil the privileges of citizenship and i recommend the passage of a Law to that effect. It will be an act of Justice As Well As a measure of encouragement. Earnest efforts Are being made to purify the Indian service so that every Dollar appropriated Liv Congress shall redound to the Benefit of the indians. These efforts will have my firm support. With an improved service and every possible encouragement held out to the indians to better their condition and to elevate themselves in the scale of civilization we May to tie to do at some time a great work Tor them and for ourselves. The Public lands. I invite the attention of Congress to the importance of the statements and suggestions made by the Secretary of the Interior concerning the depredations committed upon the Timber lands of the United states and the necessity Tor the preservation of forests. It is believe that the measures taken in pursuance of the existing Law to arrest these de predators will be entirely successful if Congress by an appropriation for that purpose renders their continued enforcement possible. The experience if other nations teaches us that a country cannot be stripped of its forests with impunity and we shall expose ourselves to the gravest consequences unless the wasteful and improvident manner in which the forests of the United states Are destroyed be effectually. Checked. I earnestly recommend that the measures suggested by the Secretary of the Interior for the suppression of the depredations on the Public Timber lands of the United states for the Selling of Timber from the Public lands and for the preservation of forests lie embodied in Law and that consider ing the urgent necessity of enabling people of certain states and territories to Purchase Timber from the Public lands in a Legal manner which at resent they cannot do such Law be passed w without unavoidable delay. I would also Call t he attention of Congress to statements made by the Secretary of the Interior concerning the disposition that might be made of the desert lands by irrigation within the one Hundredth l k the Meridian. These lands Are practically unsaleable under the existing Laws and the suggestion Tor consideration is that a system of leasehold tenure would make them a source of profit to the United states while at the same time legalizing the business of cattle raising which is at present carried on upon them. Agricultural report of the commissioner of agriculture contains the Gratifying announcement of the extraordinary Success which has rewarded the agricultural Industry of the country for the past year. With the fair prices which obtain for the products of the soil especially for the surplus which our people have to Export we May confidently turn to this As the most important of All our resources Tor the revival of the depressed industries of the country. The report shows our agricultural Progress luring the year and contains a statement of the work done by this _ department for the advancement of agricultural Industry upon which the Prosperity of our people so largely depends. Matters of information Are included of great interest to All who seek by the experience of others to improve their own methods of cultivation. The efforts of the department to increase the production of important articles of consumption will it is hoped improve the demand for labor and Advance the business of the country and eventually result in saving some of the Many millions that Are now annually paid to foreign nations for sugar and other Staple products which habitual use had made necessary in our Domestic every Day life. The Centennial Board. The Board on behalf of the United states executive departments at the International exhibition of 1876 has concluded its labors the final report of the Board was transmitted to Congress at the last session. As these papers Are understood to contain interesting and valuable information and constitute the Only report emanating from the government on the subject of the exhibition i invite attention to the matter and recommend that the report be published for general information. The District of Columbia. Congress is empowered by the Constitution with the authority of exclusive legislation Over the District of Columbia in which the scat of tile government of the nation is located. I he interests of the District having no direct representation in a ingress Are entitled to special consideration and care at tile hands of the general government. The capital of the United states belongs to the nation and it is natural that the american people should take Pride in the seat of their National government and desire it to be an ornament to the country. Much has been done to Render it healthful convenient and attractive but much remains to be done which its permanent inhabitants Are not Able and ought not to be exacted to do. To impose on them a Large proportion of the Cost required for the Public improvements which Are in great measure planned and executed for the convenience of the government and of the Many thousands of visitors from All parts of the country who temporarily reside in the capital of the nation is an evident injustice. Special attention is asked by the commissioners of the District Iii their report which is herewith transmitted to the Imi Kir Tance of a permanent adjustment by Congress of the financial relations Between the United states and the District involving the regular annual contribution by the United states of a just proportion of the expenses of the District government and of the outlay for All needed Public improvements and for such measures of Relief from the Burden of taxation now resting on the people of the District As in the Wisdom of Congress May be deemed just. The report d the Ginilo missioners shows the affairs of the Jig Trio ate in a ution a satisfactory As could be expected in View if the heavy debt rest my upon it and its very limited Means for Nec Essary expenses. The debt of the District is As follows old funded debt $8,379,601.96 3.65 Bonds guaranteed by the United states. $13,743 -250 total bonded debt $22,122,944�16, to which should be add Cal certain outstanding claims explained in the report of the commissioners. $1 182,204.50 making the total debt of the District $23,310,145.48. The commissioners also ask attention to tilt importance of the improvement of the Potomac River and the reclamation of the marshes bordering the City of Washington and their views upon the subject Are concurred in by the members of the Board of health whose report is also herewith transmitted. Both the4 commercial and sanitary interests of the District will be greatly promoted. I doubt not by this improvement. Your attention is invited to the suggestion of the commissioners and of the Board of health for tile organization of a Board of charities to have supervision and control of the disbursement of All moneys for charitable Pun vibes from the District Treasury. I desire also to ask your Especial attention to the need of adding to the efficiency of the Public schools of the District by Rui it elemental Ald from the National Treasury. This is est scially just since so Largi number of those attending the schools Are children of employees of the government. I earnestly recommend to your care the interests of the people of the District who Are so intimately associated with the government establishments and to whose Enterprise the Good order and attractiveness of the capital Are largely due and ask your attention to the request of the commissioners for legislation in behalf of the interests entrusted to their care. The appropriations asked for the care of the reservations belonging to the government within the City by the commissioner of Public buildings arid grounds Are also recommended to your favourable consideration. The Washington Monument. The report of the joint commission created by the act approved aug. 2, 1876, an act providing for the completion of the Washington Monument is also herewith transmitted with accompanying documents. The Board of engineers officers detailed to examine the Monument in compliance with the second Section of the act have re ported that the foundation is insufficient. No authority exists for making the expends lure necessary to secure its stability. I therefore recommend that the commission be authorized to expend such portion of the sum appropriated by the act As May be necessary for the purpose. The present unfinished condition of the Monument begun so Long ago is a reproach to the nation. It cannot be doubted that the patriotic sense of the country will warmly respond to such prompt provision As May be made for its completion at an Early Day Anil i urge upon a ingress the propriety and necessity of immediate legislation for this purpose popular education. The Wisdom of the legislation upon the part of Congress in Aid of the states for the education of the whole people in those branches of study which Are taught in the common schools of the country is no longer a question. The intelligent judgment of the country goes still farther regarding it As also both constitutional and expedient for the general government to extend to technical and higher education such Aid As is deemed essential to the general welfare and to our due prominence among the enlightened and cultivated nations of the world. The ultimate settlement of All questions of the future whether of administration or finance or of True nationality of sentiment depends Union the virtue and intelligence of the people. It is vain to Hope for the Success of free government without the Means of insuring the intelligence of those who Are the source of Power. No less than one seventh of the entire voting population of our country Are yet unable to read Ana write. It is encouraging to observe in connection with the growth of fraternal feeling in those states in which slavery formerly existed evidences of increasing interest in Universal education and i shall be glad to give my approval to any appropriate measure which May be enacted by Congress for the purpose of supplementing with National Aid the local systems of education in these states and in All the states. And having already invited your attention to the needs of the District of Columbia with respect to the pub Lic school system. I Here add that i believe it desirable not so much to the local wants of the District but to the great and lasting Benefit of the entire country that this system should be crowned with a University in All respects in keeping with the National capital and thereby realize the cherished Hopes of Washington on this subject. I also earnestly commend the request of the regents of the smithsonian Institute that an adequate appropriation be made for the establishment and conduct of a National museum under their supervise in. The necessity of providing for the preservation and growth of the Library of Congress is also of National importance. As the depository of All copyright publications and records this Library has outgrown the provisions for its accommodation and the erection on such site As the judgment of Congress May approve of a fire proof Library building to preserve the treasures and enlarge the usefulness of this valuable collection is recommended. National museums and collections. I recommend also such legislation As will Render available and efficient for the purpose of instruction so far As consistent with Public service the cabinets or museums of invention of surgery of education and of agriculture and other collections the property of the National government. The capital of the nation should be something More than a Mere political Center. We should Avail ourselves of All the opportunities which Providence has placed at our command to Advance the general intelligence of the people and increase the conditions most favourable to the Success and perpetuity of our institutions. R. B. Hayes. Report of Secretary Thompson. The Secretary of the Navy in his annual report says the appropriations available for the present fiscal year commencing july i 1877, Are $13,592,932? the whole amount drawn from the Treasury from july i to nov. 1,1877, is $5,343,037. Of this amount there is estimated to have been in the hands of paymasters and agents of the government on nov. I 1877, $870,528, besides $152,000 refunded making a total of $1,029,528, which deducted from the amount drawn will show the actual expenditures from july i to nov. I 1877, to have been $4,313,509. The estimates for the fiscal year ending june 30, 1879, Are $16,233,234, exclusive of $2,314,231 submitted for new buildings repairs Aud improvements at the several Navy Yards. In the report of the Secretary of the Navy on nov. 29. 1876, the estimated amount for the pay of the Navy for the present fiscal year was $7300,000, the computation being based upon the number of officers and men then borne upon the Register. Congress however by act of March 3, 1877, appropriated Only $6,600,000, or $700,000 less than the estimate. This will necessarily produce a deficiency at the end of the fiscal year unless Congress shall adv prop Riate the above amount the payments of which to officers Aud men Are so fixed by Law that it cannot be evaded. The amount appropriated for the deficiency at the extra session of Congress had reference Only to the last fiscal year ending june 30, 1877, and Vas based on the amount ascertained to be due upon the books of the fourth auditors office whereas the deficiency Here referred to is estimated for the present fiscal year ending june 30, 1878. The Secretary of wars report. The report of the Secretary of War in addition to the usual formal review of the condition of the army and military operations for the last year deprecated interference with the army by legislation threatening reduction and urges an elastic system of organization which will be capable if Extension in Case of necessity to an aggregate Force of thirty or forty thousand men. He considers that the necessities of the country demand a military Force not less than that now authorized by the statutes which should be capable by increasing the numerical strength of the companies of being raised to the Standard necessary to meet any Ordinary contingency. The report favors placing the feeding of the indians now under the government in charge of the commissary department of the army and urges the removal of legislation As to the number of officers who Are of the retired list. At present this number is 300. By a removal of the limitation the number will not be materially increased and a careful inquiry shows that with the proposed changes there would be Only about forty officers to Quot add to the list. The Secretary favors leaving the question of retirement to the discretion of the president As now. Tile estimates for this department for the fiscal veal ending june 30, 1879, As revised amount in the aggregate to the sum of $43,-115.443.24, As follows salaries contingent expenses and a stage. $1,193,884 of military establishment. 31,597,270 68 Public works. 7,953,077 76 miscellaneous. 2,371,210 8� total. $43,115,443 24 a or. Louis a. Godey has retired from the publication of Godey lady Quot s Book which he has conducted for no less than forty eight years and mrs. Sarah j. Hale who has been associated with him As editor for forty one years retires also. There Are few instances of such Long association. A a three years old son of Warren Calkins living near Hastings mich., was killed a few Days ago by pulling a Corn mashing machine upon himself in such a manner As to break his neck. A or. P. Lorillard s turf winnings this year Are $70,247.50. The comptroller of the currency on resumption. The comptroller of the currency in his annual report makes a comparison from such data As is now obtainable of the condition of the Banks during previous periods of suspension and resumption with that of the present time. From the comparisons made it is argued that the average strength of the National Banks for the last eight years is fully equal to that of the state Banks during periods of suspension and resumption in former times Ana if resumption is to take place upon any fixed Date the National Banks will lie certain As a matter of precaution to strengthen their reserves beyond the averages Here Given. It cannot be doubted therefore that the National Banks will be prepared to redeem their circulating notes at any Date of resumption which May be fixed upon. In England in 1821, after resumption there was but Little demand for Gold nor Ivas there in France after resumption by the Bank of France in 1850, nor in this country in 1838 or 1858. The Bank of France is at present in a state of suspension but its notes Are preferred by the Public to specie and the Bank Bas found it difficult to reduce the volume of its circulating notes in Exchange for Coin. All thought of demanding actual payment in specie will vanish As soon As resumption is assured and those timid flankers who fear that their dealers will demand Coin for every Dollar of their deposits can reassure themselves by an agreement with their dealers that their deposits shall be payable As at the present time a in current funds a which will then consist of Legal tender notes and the notes of specie paying Banks. There is no greater bugbear than the Oft repeated cry that the Treasury and the Banks must provide specie for Hie payment of the two thousand millions of deposits before resumption can take place. Resumption does not mean the actual use and handling of the Gold Dollar in every transaction. Coin and currency Are but the Small change used in the retail Trade. Bank Cheeks and Bills of Exchange Are the instruments employed in All Large transactions. A single Cheek pays for a whole invoice of goods for car loads of Coal and for houses and lands. Resumption Means Only that the Dollar represented in the Bank Cheek shall be equivalent to Twenty five and eight tenths grains of Gold. As the Pound represented upon the beam of the platform scale shall be equivalent to sixteen ounces avoirdupois. Congress on Mardi 18, 1869, passed an act in which a the United states pledges its Faith to make provision at the earliest practicable period for the redemption of United states notes in Coin a and on Jan. 14, 1875, a Day was fixed for that purpose. The paper Dollar is now Worth 97v� cents in Gold and represents a weight of about Twenty five grains of that Metal it has increased in its representative value and weight 40 per cent during the last ten years More than to per cent during the last two years and nearly 5 per cent. Within the last six months and there is no apparent Good reason Why it should not soon become of the full Standard value when both the paper and the Gold Dollar will be an equal measure of value for the Rich and poor alike. The government and the Banks of the country suspended specie payment on dec. 28, 1861 and it is believed that the National Banks will cordially unite with the government in restoring the tire Standard of value whenever the acts of Congress referred to shall be cur ried into effect. Operations of the mint. Or. Cinder Man director of the mint in his annual report shows the operations of the mint and assay offices for the last fiscal year to have been As follows gr11,0nreceitedand0berated 90,382,502.76 Silver Bullion received and operated upon. 37,429.329.93 total. $97,811,832.69 deducting re deposits bars made and issued by one institution and deposited at another tile deposits were Gold. 4� 99 Silver. 28,549,935 minor. 62,165 total. $72,690,299 compared with the previous year there was an increase of $2,902,232.26 in the amount of Gold and $8,193,236 in the amount of Silver Bullion operated upon $5,899,236.50 in Gold coinage and $9,423,632.50 in Silver coinage. The increase alone in the Silver coinage Over that of the last fiscal year has been greater than the total amount of Silver coinage executed in any one year prior to 1874. Under the heading a changes in the relative value of Gold Aud or. Cinder Man refers to his reports for the fiscal years of 1872,1873 and 1874, Iii which the causes operating to produce an important change in the relative value of the two metals were fully stated and discussed. Quoting from the report of the u. S. Money commission in which it is stated that since 1873, the purchasing Power of Gold has increased in All countries and that the purchasing Power of Silver has decreased in none the director says that such a statement is simply an expression of opinion and not fact ascertained and established according to the Rule that the commission lays Down for the Correct determination of the question. The director cites As a circumstance which appears to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the change in the relative values is due to a depreciation or fall in the value of Silver that within the last Twenty two months the Export of Silver to the Eastern nations from London and san Francisco has amounted to about $143,500,000, and that under that unprecedented demand including during the same time the consumption of about $28,300,000 for the fractional currency in the United states making in All Over $171,-800, xxx the average Price of Silver has not risen above 54 Pence against 60 5-16 Pence the average of 1872. If Silver had not depreciated this demand which probably exceeded the entire Gold coinage of the world for the same period would have carried the Price to or above the Point at which it ruled before the German Money system was changed. In the face of these facts t he Assumption that Gold has appreciated in value does not appear to be Well founded. The report shows that the total Silver Bullion purchased by the government for the fractional coinage under the provisions of the resumption aet has been 31,897,371 Standard ounces at a total Cost of $34,118,973. Whu h xviii produce at Legal currency rate $39,68o,-688 in fractional Coin. The average Cost of this Bullion was i 2-10 cents below the equivalent of the average London rate during the period embraced in the purchases. Or. Linderman estimates the present Ning capacity at about $2, xxx too per month in Silver Dollar pieces and believes the Issue of that amount would prove of much Benefit to the Public Aid in stimulating a revival of business steady the value of Silver and protect our important Silver mining interests. The director thinks it not far out of the Way to state the amount of Gold Coin Aud Bullion i Iov in the country at about $185,000,-000, and Silver at $50,000,000. The new Coachman. The boy should have known better at his age than to let out family secrets but he Felt grateful to the other boy for the use of his stilts and lie softly re marked a a father Wasny to Home All last night and he Hasni to come Home a a gone Oft a queried the owner of the stilts. A a he a Aown town somewhere we expect and a says she ainu to going to run after him if he Don t come Home for a a a did they have a fuss a a a Kinder. You see we had to let the Coachman go a cause ifs hard times. Yesterday afternoon a wanted a to Black up and drive her out he kicked at first but when she got mad he caved in and fixed himself up so you Tell him from a regular Darkey. When he drove around a balled him Peter and ordered him to Back up and go ahead and Haw and gee around and he got up on his ear and drove Back to the barn. Them duds came off a him like lightning and he was so mad that lie did no to stay Long enough to Wash the Black off his ears. A a and what did your Mother say a asked the other. A nothing. She looked a Littles around the Mouth but Shell fetch i to it if it takes All Winter. He or As Well come Home and begin to How to Burn free a the United states court holds that the hotel Safe la Good defense for the loss o by a guest
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