Winnipeg Free Press (Newspaper) - August 15, 1947, Winnipeg, Manitoba Freedom of Liberty of Equality of Civil Winnipeg Free Press Printed and published the Winnipeg Free Press 300 Authorized as second class matter by the Post Office VICTOR GRANT Publisher Executive BRUCE General Manager Associate Editor AUGUST 15, 1947 As Independence Begins The chronicles that record the march of empires and the growth of freedom will always pause and mark August 15. 1947. as a significant date in the evolution and ment of free This day brings to an official close the long period of British rule in The two new Dominions of India and Pakistan from this time forward and as long as they equal members of the British Commonwealth of Nations and in every sense masters of their own There are some lingering obligations that Great Britain still has to discharge before her affairs in India arc finally but in each case the two Dominions have agreed to this extension of power on the basis of their own administrative History records no voluntary surrender of power that can begin to rival Britain's withdrawal from For many years British policy has been aware that her rule in India might be brought to -a violent end by a war of rebellion fomented by leaders who had grown impatient of the slow processes of constitutional Almost equally sive was the possibility of public opinion in Great Britain being sharply divided as to the nature of the final and in this permitting the favorable moment to perhaps never to recur under such happy These dangers have both been The people of India have won their independence without a struggle that would have convulsed the whole country and deranged the of world all parties in Great would lead to suffering and in Seen against this back Mr. remarks a new He ap pears to be pursuing Russia's political policies on Canadian soi and against Canadian A statement on this matter from the Soviet embassy should not be long Tho sooner it is made the It is difficult to believe that any no matter hou especially a Soviet official could have spoken on so delicate and important a matter as the refugee problem solely on his own initiative and reflecting the overwhelming preponderance of opinion among the British have united to support the Government's offer of independence and to wish India and Pakistan good But there is one major disappointment to mar the Freedom has come not to an India united and strong but to a country sundered by such fierce political and communal an- that it has compelled the partitioning of India into two separate and autonomous It is worth recalling that in 1935 when Sir Samuel Hoare was testifying in minster before the joint parliamentary committee upon the Government of India he was asked questions but the word Pakistan was not once All British at that was fixed on the objective of freedom and dence for an undivided The clash between Hindu and Moslem proved so the policy of not even considered in 1935, was in the end found to be th only way out of the Indian The Hindus and Moslems of free to end their differences and to unite in one central government for all but that is a distant While the future will undoubtedly bring many anxieties to India and and to the Indian States ruled by the the whole world will know that these problems are of their own No longer will it be possible to make Great Britain the scapegoat for everything that goes wrong in The debate in the British Parliament on the Indian dence stressed the fact that with the recognition of the two new Dominions the British Commonwealth of Nations for the first time in its a great bridge connecting the East with the No one can yet estimate what this portent may signify for the peace of the It is worth as Lord Halifax did in the House of Lords on July 16, that new chapter of Commonwealth history which in the case of the other Dominions was recorded by Parliament only after it had been written through practice and spontaneous growth should in the case of India be the subject of formal The two concepts which have guided British rule in India have best been defined by Lord Randolph Churchill and Making the Taxpayer Meet the Difference A recent broadcast by a man for the Alberta wheat pool suggests that some farm leaders who led the for the wheat agreement with the United Kingdom are weakening in their enthusiasm for the agreement and are beginning to cast for expedients to reduce the losses it is bringing western The Alberta pool is so by the spread between the fixed price of under the and the world price which has averaged 77 cents a bushel higher during the past crop that it is agreeable and eren to take part in a drive to raise the price paid to western The fact thai this increase under this plan would come out of the pockets of Can dian taxpayers does not the pool one bit. For the sake of the an of its intrinsic this statement of August 8 on b half of the Alberta wheat pool herewith Propagandists for the lative grain marketing system say that wheat producers lost because the Welfare in Alberta Infirm and HI I lative market was not They gain in meaning when set side by Speaking 60 years ago Lord Randolph father of Winston defined British policy in this memorable Our rule in India is. as it a sheet of oil spread out over a surface of. and keeping calm and quiet and unruffled by an immense and profound ocean of Underneath that rule lie hidden all the memories of fallen all the traditions of vanquished all the pride of insulted and it is our our most difficult to give in- dividual security and general prosperity to the 250 millions of people 400 who are affected by those powerful to bind them and to weld them by the influence of our our law and our higher in process of time into one great united people and to offer to all the nations of the West the advantages of tranquillity and progress in the East. This is an ideal with many elements of and it has steadily been followed by one school of British officials in It has brought India the blessings of order and But it has essentially regarded its function as the conferring of blessings from In the mouths of its practitioners have been frequent boasts about higher For ail its manifold this doctrine has produced some of the most disreputable chapters in British imperial and the recent history of India is one long protest against this concept of The finer ideal of freedom and self-government was ex- pressed by Gladstone in 1876 as If it be true and it is true that we govern India without the restraints of a law except such law as we make ourselves if it be true that we have not been able to give to India the benefit and blessings of free so far as it is I feel to be our weakness and our Today that weakness and calamity are India is The Indian National which led the fight for was first organized by an Its harvest now is The proudest day in English Macaulay forecast as long ago as 1833, would be when the people of India gained their That day has come when England herself is wounded and in sore But her genius for freedom never has been given more splendid Even in her period of material impoverishment she has found the energy and the vision to devise an Indian settlement that would have taxed the greatness of any other power at the height of its authority and Britain leaves India with Now it is the task of India and Pakistan to prosper in their own operation in Canada last crop Actually there has been no such The Federal treasury which is supplying the funds to purchase Canadian wheat for can at any time increase the funds in custody of the wheat board available eventual tion to the The wheat pools are quite agreeable and even anxious to join any campaign to have such funds Of course the Canadian taxpayer will have to foot the but the contribution western culture has made to the war effort and to the general fare of the nation has earned the right to further financial The Soviet Embassy Should Explain Grave public issues have been raised by the reported conduct of Mr. of the Soviet embassy at He is reported to have said at a Canadian ian picnic in St. Vital on July 27, and the report seems that Ukrainians in Canada who wish to help displaced persons in Europe are and dishonest The language of insult end seems strangely out of place in dealing with the lem of displaced if com- passion cannot be the then there is always the safe refuge of Everyone knows that a member of a foreign em- unlike a private controversy or interfere in thi internal affairs of another Mr. seems to have committed more than an If the report is he has violated diplomatic aroused racial insulted Canadian and abused his position by criticizing a policy of aid to refugees that he cannot help but know commands the port of the Canadian The Russian government wants all Ukrainians and other Slavs now in displaced camps to be against their will io the Soviet It takes a high line and insists that a refusal by anyone to go back to Russia is proof of his In common with other Canada has refused to accept this harsh knowing that the cannot properly engage in compulsory return of these people Busy Times In Hudson Bay The port of Churchill has no- welcomed several cargo steamer from the vanguard of fleet which is expected to the most active season in the com short history of th Hudson Bay short that when measured from the opening of the minal elevator in 1931. This is the second season of regular since the war interrupted progress If the present objective of 000 bushels of wheat out of Chur chill can be it will be the largest amount yet This means emptying the elevator twice As shipping is very the vessels plying the Hudson Bay anc Strait will probably make two round trips An estimated 15 sailings wil 1 be required to move the Apart from another item prominently mentioned in son plans was A hitch developed when the British mini- stry of shipping decided badly though it wanted this commodity for it could not risk delay in moving food from Recent reports indicate that this difficulty may have been over- and that sufficient dores will be on hand to load at least a million feet of lumber from northern Saskatchewan and toba Once again the question of in- coming cargo The first ship to reach early this brought some 500 in- a familiar item in Bay route well as chinaware and In the were steel castings for the mines at Flin it appears that once again most of the ships will arrive in That remains the greatest problem for friends of the Hudson Bay route to over- There can be no question that with the wider use of and other modern aids to navigation in Hudson the season for the route can be materially This will mean a potential expansion of eastbound But unless the outgoing and ing cargoes can be brought much more into balance than they can the Hudson route not serve to the full purpose for which it was A Union in Court Reassured of Its British Columbia Breaks New Ground in Prosecuting Labor Leaders for Promoting an Allegedly Illegal For the first tim in the history of Canada labor union is being here like an individual for violation of labor When government of British Columbia prosecuted a laundry union in Na Vancouver under a new provincial the union officials who were charged ed that a union had no legal en- tity and could not be brought into This week the Appeal the highest tribunal in the rejected the union's con- As a the first Canadian prosecution of a union as such is Responsible Eventually the case may go to he Supreme Court of Canada and o the Privy The ial government is proceeding on he assumption that its new labor aw is valid and that union rs who promote illegal strikes are responsible along with he This which breaks new in Canadian labor fluid and s being watched by all Canadian arose out of a strike in the Nanaimo The government ered the strike illegal on two the strikers failed to take a secret supervised by the as provided by the new labor they failed to observe the conciliation and arbitration provided years ago in other The government to prosecute on the second ground and thus British Columbia's at- tempt to enforce secret strike has not come up for test in the No doubt the test will come later for it is against the secret vote that labor unions are chiefly The government prosecuted al the 27 laundry their bar gaining agents and the union it self by charges against the in dividual union A Nanaimo magistrate fined the strikers each il and 51 costs but could find no ase against the bargaining agents The union leaders contended that hey could not be prosecuted be- a union is not subject to the of an It is his contention which the Appea Court has thus ng the views of the trial court the laundry strike con- Under the provincial labor aw the strikers apparently are again since they are con- to commit the offense for The Shriners Are Here From the Golden Books De Officiis Cicero Nothing is more becoming in a great man than courtesy and Shriners are camels and and once again a laze of exotic colors lights up the treets and hotels of hey have these rily Oriental from the states and many parts f our own on another goodwill welcomes the visiting including the and a and sincere welcome it is. For behind all the pageantry nd the occasionally fortissimo igh spirits of men who like to et away from the strain of ess responsibility now and then nd have a spot of lies an serious The entral object of the present two- ay visit has to do with that On Saturday afternoon the of the new for crippled will e laid by Mr. A. W. a member of the oard of trustees set by the hrine organization to administer ts hospital scheme for the whole f North He is being sted by officers of the Khartum the hosts on this This worthy enterprise began in since then 16 hospitals for rippled children have been two of them in uring the quarter of a century hich has a total of me has been spent on e for plant d and e rate of a million dollars a in operating The conditions of admittance are The child must be not over years of mentally sound id capable of being either cured greatly and its parents ust be unable to provide the medical care o question of color or creed The Winnipeg one of the o in was established early as 1925, but unlike most fiers in the international was housed in temporary quarters and has so remained ever At present it has about 30 beds in a wing of the Children's the quarters and in any case they are required for other Hence a drive for funds to build a new 50-bed hospital for crippled children began last and met with an immediate and eager Revised plans call for an expenditure of at least for the hospital which will be built on Wellington Crescent near Academy Most of this money has been But to the figure must be added haps more to cover ment and other There is no question that peg citizens will rally behind the Shriners in completing this fine which they were first Whether the government will ceed against them further is not But since the courts have ruled that it can do the is expected to carry for- ward its case against the laundry by prosecution of its the new labor h i e the secret vote provincial conducting a vigorous campaign in open association with some bor unions and with the Mr. Harold appeared with some of his lieutenants in the Nanaimo picket line and then on a Vancouver form with Nigel the leader of the While Mr. Winch at first rejected the invitation to join them in a general crusade against the Hart he has since worked with them pite the recent statement of M. J. Coldwell that the will never associate with Ethics It was in connection with the new provincial labor law what said there are times t is absolutely ethical to oppose the law if break the He also called the labor statute which the unions were perfectly en- to Thus the n alliance with the not only is agitating against the repeal of an existing which s perfectly legal and but s counseling the breach of the This doctrine of illegality Mr. Winch evidently considers good calculated to build up his with the left wing of his which denounced him not long ago for being too In the end this strategy is ikely to turn out otherwise for British Columbians in their political be- ieve in the law and many labor eaders realize that the rights of abor depend on the law's N as in all the wes the problem of care of th infirm and chronically ill bearing apace upon bot public authorities and The west was a ne country without an old popula it is aging being estimated that annually 150 for are reaching the age of 70 Science is extending the lengt of life without greatly its rate of There wa a heavy drift of population froi rural areas to cities during th and more so in the wa when one out of five Cana dians changed his place of res These various circum combined with livin and shortages in housin and domestic have to everywhere and gen serious crises in the shee physical accommodation of th aged and under th added difficulties of hospital ant nursing particularly o the chronically ill. Alberta mad imaginative statutory provision in 1945 for dealing with the prob lem in the Home for Aged or In firm as with so much of the welfare legislation admin competence fell Provision FOP Units This measure provided for the establishment by municipalities separately or of units ing for three or more aged or in- and for provincial sharing on a 50-50 of the costs ol maintenance of persons cared for standards and rates were left to the cial authority which failed to sufficient data to give leadership in planning and de- such though the maximum rate of maintenance ar- per month one of the best in Canada and should be adequate for good The province itself has meanwhile planned a central Folks at Camrose which it will directly operate and col- lect back maintenance from and municipalities for care The Association of cipal Districts has asked for the creation of small units on a dis- basis close to the home com- of and infirm in need of In all the recent study was able to list only 11 units with accommodation for only 619 though the numbers on pension were and persons over 60 in probable need of aid or care or were thought to exceed another Of these beds 534 were in nine shelters run by voluntary social 85 in two units run by the Cities of Edmonton and The accommodation was centred in three or lour Raymond Secretary of the Illinois Commission for the Care of the Chronically 111, mated the numbers in need of care in Alberta outside their own homes at 2.065 to while the study could list only 350 beds in three units than pay two in the others in hospitals with special The new wings in St. Hospital and in the Royal Alexandra at Edmonton give promise of being of unusually fine Tragic Result The resultant situation in the province is No authority assumes responsibility for the infirm chronically ill. The commercialized hostel and the cheap rooming house and rundown hotel are in their The study cites among several some the most incredibly foul and inadequate hovels that could be imagined with aged sick huddled Old and 11 people over SO years of age vere in some in ars and attics of so-called censed in others in little like off long corridors with one toilet and tap to a they were charged proximately per month for a small without proper with no food or provision or cooking except their own canned etc. Hundreds of hem were in receipt of old age but the authorities took he ground that actual care was The municipal authorities con- essed themselves helpless without standards or help in and the aged and ess sick lay wan and wasting or about the streets in the oldest winter in many of bewildered lone and fearful in their had come from farm or hoping for accommodation n. the larger The feeling f loneliness and uselessness f the more ablebodied called ically too for more imaginative in the way of a need which the churches nd voluntary groups might well Any epidemic striking these in their hovels could easily veep the communities so callous their Third of a NO. How Do Young Birds i for and when the male Tree That's W By H. B. see that another expedition is scheduled for the bleak coastline of Hudson Bay next that Oxford University is sending a party of young to some island off the coast of and that sundry other adventurers are scaling new summits or probing sea bottom in various regions of this Amid all this activity there is danger that a notable piece of Canadian recently should pass That would be a This expedition was a one-man affair and originated in the rooms of the Ottawa A member of the staff had heard rumors of the existence of a spot his own province of Ontario named The most intensive in- failed to uncover any data about the if there was really any and so the ex- fitted The lone mounted on a wearing a solar and carrying in his bags flasks of liquid calculated to assuage thirst and cure snake set off from the environs of Sparks After a hazardous journey ie reached a point near where the counties of Perth and Waterloo meet sure he discovered It has seven in- Once upon a time the viving there was a man named John who raised pumpkins in those parts more than a century An industrious he did right well with his pumpkin and But he did not get along too well with the on the next and one in a fit of Mrs. Hellman bestowed on Mr. Zurbrigg of the pumpkins the name which has brought him a species of She called him an The title haunted unfortunate John Zurbrigg all the rest of his When he passed at a broken the roads close by his farm was ready known far and wide over the old Ontario countryside And so it remains to this although the thriving community of a dred souls that once was to be found with its smith shop and cider is now but a The glory has passed from Cor- Today's Scripture There therefore a rest to the people of Leave The Judging by the paucity of ob- servations sent to this column on young birds leaving their very few readers have had the good fortune to see what actually happens at these moments of high Many thousands of the nesting boxes that have been set up foi birds in the Prairie Provinces are occupied each season and provide shelter for broods of In what manner do the babies vacate their home and launch themselves into the air on their fledgling Do they voluntarily fling themselves out of the box when their quarters become too Do the parents order them induce them to make the plunge by showing them how easy flying or entice them to quit the cosy nest by withholding food and then offering dainties from a We have had many broods of Tree Swallows reared in one or other of our nesting boxes but cannot answer these questions; generally we were vacationing when the brood flew or the event occurred in the early morning A Timid Youngster W. T. has also dad the pleasure of being landlord to many pairs of Tree Swallows but never saw a young one start out in life until this On July 18, there were five young in the next one had dis- appeared without being on 20th, two slipped away and on 21st, when Mr. Watt peeked ri the box at 8 another had leaving the runt of the still in the This little was crouching low in the hiding its head in the and when Mr. Watt tweaked its to see if it were it up indignantly as if to that's leave my tail Determined to see this youngster would leave the nesting Mr. Watt sat down to About 9 the lonesome young one appeared and sat in en- trance hole but nothing more until 9.45, when the mother arrived with an which was to the and within he next seven minutes she fed the babe twice and then Pangs of hunger made the ster it dropped back into reappeared at the en- pushed one shoulder hrough the drew it tried the slipped down out of sight only to climb up and fill the entrance hole once It called to every passing House offering a wide-open maw Swallow arrived and sat on a by its should have melted his heart but didn't as he merely looked at his then flew close to it out stopping and This was too much for the timid runt and after a series of and precarious ing acts at the it sprang into the air at 10.45 with wings wildly rose steeply over the lane into the sky and after circling about as if to locate its parents and the rest of the disappeared for None have returned to the says Mr A Lucky Baby Wren Studies of nesting birds have revealed that the great majority of fledglings do not reach They meet their fate through un- favorable weather pre- dators and accidents of every Even those within the confines of human habitations are not immune from the as the following story of C. H. On July 4, one of a brood of baby House Wrens which had reared in a nest above the door jamb of Mr. lodge at flew into a screen on its first flight and fell down inside a In spite of many up the sides of its the mite could not make the top and Mr. hearing the fixed a cardboard scoop to a three-foot stick and tried to lift it Wrens are bundles of nervous no looner was the little chap corralled n the scoop than he slipped out and the chase began all over At Mr. preparing to make a better left stick for a moment inside the when the wren nimbly ran up the his hand and arm and perched on his shoulder to look around before taking to Baby Starlings Are Pudgy A drab-colored s h a r p-b i 11 e d short-tailed fledgling that was by Gordon 996 Beach proved a puzzle to name and it was taken the Free Press for It had apparently just left the nest but had injured itself and appeared to be The possessing youngster was a the European bird that was into the United n 1890 and is now spreading over most of the It was first in Manitoba in 1925 at Somerset by H. the specimen was found by Miss Mary in 1934; and the first recorded nest with eggs at Fort Whyte in 1935 by John Pollock and John
