Weekly Dicks News (Newspaper) - July 14, 1855, London, Middlesex te LABOUR AND of diem and in For the present we prefer taking them After having said so much about it may le proper to define more precisely what we mean by In die language of political economists we find it divided into two and unproductive In our defi tf the word we choose to exclude die last of diese men have enough to do in world of ours without spending energies on that which is of no in our is the doing of some thing by which society is Hen may labour as hard in the work of destruction as of creation but in if die work were great injury would be done to die human race we do not call but An idea or at least did prevail largely in dial to give die means of subsistence for a day to men accustomed to without working hard for though in die time of a scarcity of was doing injustice to die rest of die community and even to sustain diem in without demanding from a days is to do a wrong to some other party in die Rather more dian durty yean ago die Government of England gave a specimen of knowledge this point The ministry of die finding itself beset by multi tudes out of found it requisite to provide tot them in one way or end really having nothing for them to it became necessary to devise some scheme for the No doubt our rulers were men of and could not be long at a loss in making die requisite diese unemployed men were seen with and shovels on on their way to Hyde This is a district of famous for many On now referred diese men were set to work to dig trenches in it in all w if for the purpose of defences for die town against the approach of some daring this served for and dip men received wages in die evening j to do for next day f this to go and fiB diese trenches op again t and all for die purpose of preventing any burden falling on die public or in other on die shoulders of those so for as to find employment for For transaction die ministry became die laughingstock of the men to dig holes one day for die pose of having to fin diem up die and calling it They might have had die grace to it unprofit able In our vocabulary it was a waste of time and We do not deny that die exercise which labour is in many cases beneficial to health but in such a case as where the human beings were previously ex hausted by die want of sufficient it was nothing else than a piece of die most cruel This was a foolish manifestation of unproductive labour which might have been passed over were it not so much akin to a notion which still prevails to some extent among die enlightened people of man engages in a foolish of which every one sees die absurdity but himself be requires to employ a number of men for his and it is no un common Sung to bear such remarks as die doing a most foolish thing but never he wul employ a great number of hands for a tune it will do much good by increasing tiling very much wanted at present In die language of common such an expenditure is nothing more nor less dian a application of capital which does not return and is therefore a loss to die If it had teen bud out on productive labour it would have produced Additional capital beyond die sum to be again employed in further productive instead of spending it in a way in which die capital itself is Turning again to one of die chief marts of manufacturing we see immense numbers of people engaged in producing cotton This we call because it is productive in a variety of ways not only by creating extensive also in pro viding clothing tot a large portion We must confine the of this to the people of Manchester die sailors who man our and bring cotton from or die southern states of are as deeply engaged in die production of this cloth as die Manchester and u necessary to h as die very machines under or die carriers and distributors of the doth after it is made and all an aSke profitable to though it fa perfectly dear that various descriptions of the producers are not equally To ttus point we shall come Bat what has education to do with all Very much for aH then partial are to a certain extent and without diat education they would have been incompetent to discharge their several The object is to increase knowledge hot as tbe bulk of mankind seem to bat of The are into the knowledge of and managing her at are educated into of things to which it is edge of the engine and Its other kind of form as is frequently during the process of education would tendency of his own and would direct that kind of employment in which he was best fitted if nature to make die greatest proficiency men whose constructive diem for mechanical operations would never be found it the plough nor die In way again a of production would labour dian can possibly be obtained under die present It is one of die misfortunes of our day that die great majority of die mankind are themselves igno rant of that knowledge which is of most and die education really obtained is rather accidental dian other purely from die want of a proper system of equally acceptable to thing evidently nearly impos sible to be in consequence of die obstinacy of the religious sects and parties which stand in die way of all Some are for and others for voluntary and while they quarrel about it die dung itself is neglected or According to our view of the for its own is as much bound to take care that no part of the com munity be left without an abundant supply of that which is necessary to die growth and vigour of die nature of as it take care diat he be not deprived of die means necessary to die health and vigour of his physical frame both are required for labour of die highest and best and can only be universally and judiciously according to die nations under die direction of die officers it entrusts with die management of its In everything national die Government is nothing more than die executor of die nations vrill and if die nation demands a national system of they are in die exercise of to supply it at the nations We have no patience with those theological who resist every tiling tending to educational and therefore we have pleasure in directing attention of our readers a competent to work a beneficial revolution in die whole education of die Some account of it be found in another TO BRITISH SONS OF THE six hundred and fifty gentlemen who do yon tbe favour to represent yon in die House of without con you as to their fitness for a charge so and one of in his tender care for your has lately advised die Government to avail themselves of a when next you meet to protest against die partial nature of have lately been making a great noise about National It is clearly die duty of a patriotic Government to wage continual war against ignorance wherever they find it but die education of die measure so easily and successfully carried into operation in republican to be attended with insuperable difficulties in aristocratic The reason is obvious in America there is no State Church but in die English as in all die varied cations of is die bone of which for centuries bos carried discord and mischief into many a happy and through whose instrumentality any really good scheme for die education of die people ever be stifled in its It would seem diat the hazy intellects of that family who arrogate to themselves die privileges and power of Ministers of are clear in die solitary direction of National Education for they are well aware diat monstrous oligarchic obscuring and defacing tbe original beauty of die British could not were die people really enlightened have they cunningly with die aid of their old ally in Mother to create a stumblingblock in die shape of religious as the people do not choose to have die Church of England forced upon they must remain in Bat at stage it would be well to ask the Church established by its institutions of so frail a nature unless diey are made the principal feature of and forced die minds and attention of the it or to be die advantages and blessings of Church would be forgotten f If the argument speaks ill for tbe stability of iis and very questionably of diose advantages and blessings of which we are so constantly reminded among the die many millions paid yearly to Archbishops and Bishops for doing worse dian a vicious not be Did or KBOX advocate a State Church Poor fruits of giant intellects and mighty efforts tree of Papal one but to erect another upon It seems to be the special mission to keep the people in and to surround names of really been toe cnam their liberties with a cloud of and oftentimes unm It is amusing with what selfconceit this bom of the lust of a scoundrel in and the or owing ito people in Of natty Am a pwr to die tc an ignominious death such men as RICHARD the and of Glastonbury and finished a reign as brutal as any in die records of by with such theChurch of England Who has not heard of the heroic struggles of die Cove nanters against die tyranny of dtis and worship GOD free from What true English heart has with tion at die atrocities of die reign of glorious Queen Bess amongst her other sentenced a poor old woman to be and for with die womanly instinct of pity for die succour to a dying Roman pursued to the death by bis die emissaries of this very Church f Let die and growing States of America attest how many a Puritan in days of patriotic a refuge in die wilds of an unknown that might worship their from die im and mutilations of die English aland of savage woods too often to die And this is the to distract attention from English or Irish peasant preaches a crusade against slavery and founded in injustice and cruelty as it was still legislated and against their repeated upon die American colonies by England faithful to its high records diat in the annals of slavery no nation has pursued diabolical traffic with more eagerness dian She is as she well may satisfied with her slaves in her own starving sons of ground to and often by a cruel and unjust monopoly of wealth and her victims in the of her giant With these patent ffl with legacy bequeathed by herself The mission of the Established Church should be to eradicate die evils of English with its enormous poverty and be die friend of and to march in die van of progress but it chooses rather to assist to sing its own to not its among a host of other great to malign the immortal one of father of English he stripped it of its unjustly acquired and made it lawful for every Briton to worship GOD according to his conscience from Church its and thousand means of torture and This is die Church diat has always used ita utmost efforts to blight die first young germs of to stifle die spirit of free and to suppress tbe promulgation of enlightened troths among men but if die State is to be intimidated by the Church from educating die people upon free and liberal becomes die peoples duty to educate and eminently die duty of die press to assist diem to die utmost of its power and there cannot be a better commencement dian the clearing away pre judices and fabie die mists of superstition and of interested and establishing truth upon the ruins of keeping in view die motto of die immortal Milton Let truth and falsehood grapple i who ever knew truth put to die worse in and open WILLIAM DEATH OF SIB We regret to announce the death of this very old and intelligent Captain John tha nephew of the late admiral of the Sir George in Bear Admiral of the Bear Admiral we be under fifty years of and in all the youngest flag officer on the list DEATH OF Sra WILLIAM LIEO OF We regret on Tuesday intelligence was received at the Ad announcing the death of the above gallant which took place at The death of the gallant Bis serrita the Arctic he lost In the ascent of Mont Blanc about twenty years while acting as guide to some found a few according to the in tbe ice which forms the arch 6f To the astonishment of pasting that the body of a Ban was the upper portion being still buried in its frosen A of persons were summoned to the after efforts with other they succeeded in disengaging of the old popular in a stats of lha The body was conveyed to whers It every mark honour and respect Jacques fi fiM AH an W t We r to w snd lhat thai V W Doty to Abjuration The f was approaching its close the measure Involved the question respecting the of Jews to and Government some had in other that they did not intend to revive that subject this Lord declined to abandon his to which he intimated he had obtained the assent of Earl corroborated that statement after farther the second reading of the was fixed for Tuesday the 17th The Bari of renewed his complaint that illegal titles had been ascribed to certain Irish Boman Catholic bishops in the report lately presented by the Maynooth Inquiry He moved a resolution declaring that the recognition of these ecclesiastical titles was a direct violation of the Catholic Emancipation and ordering an amended copy of the with the objectionable words should laid on the The Earl of repeated his already more thin once given on the confessing that the of the in question was assuring the House that it was There he many objections to resolution as and he hoped their lordships would not adopt lord Lord the Lord Earl and the Earl of having briefly con earring in the Opinion that the resolution in its present shape was the Earl of Winchilsea reluctantly consented to withdraw his Some bills were respectively advanced a and their lordships adjourned at a quarter past eight HOUSE OF gave notice that he should move on Tuesday evening for a call of the House on the 17th the day fixed for the discussion of his motion respecting the conduct of the on behalf of gave notice of his intention to as amendment to Roebucks a resolution declaring that the policy which deter mined the expedition to Sebastopol was bold and just towards our and commensurate with the objects of the war and that perseverance in that policy offered the most certain prospect of an honourable and permanent The was brought up for conside ration as amended in A number of additional amendments wers also some of which were adopted after a prolonged and miscellaneous for going into committee on the Partnership Amendment was opposed by who u an that the should be that day He contended that there was tor promt of capita being ample for all business Supporting the principle of unlimited liability in its the member proceeded to read passages from a wotk by Mac at such length as to elicit a call to order from on the ground that the House ought not to be called upon to listen to a pamphlet instead of a The observed that the question was one of Liberal allowance was generally made in the matter of but members ought to exercise a little mode ration in using the in afterwards concluding his remarked upon the bauds the would render MITCHELL seconded the and declared that the public demanded no change in the law of and argued upon the abstract that when partners in business could share unlimited they bad no right to shelter themselves under a limited Tbe system em ployed abroad on that latter principle he fast sinking into although the comparative scarcity of capital hi the countries in question rendered it more justifiable and more necessary to encourage by every means the associa tion of supported the observing that Eng land was the only country where the partner in a commercial enterprise was compelled to risk his whole property on its The was also defended by Card and Malins after some further the amendment was and the House went into committee on the Two clauses were with some considerable opposi when the chairman was ordered to The Raglan Annuities was read a second Williams interposing a brief remonstrance respecting the amount of the The Coal Mines Inspection was considered with the and ordered to stand for third reading on Tues day The Public Libraries and Museums was read a third time and The remaining business was disposed and the House adjourned at five minutes to OF Replying to the Earl of The Earl of entered into some explanations touching the different versions of the recent attack on the boats crew of the at Hango The explanations given by Baron de Berg he to a great extent and the foreign Secretary stated that Admiral Dundas had been instructed to transmit more of 4w accompanied with demand for the immediate release of then la answer to a subsequent question the noble earl announced that a mixed commission of English and French officers was now sitting in for the purpose of organising a plan for the regular exchange of prisoners with Tbe bills according constitutions to the South Australian Colonies were read a second time on the motion of Earl and after a brief The Places of Religions Worship Registration also passed a second on the motion of Lord The Marquis of moved far tome returns respecting the diplomatic and took occasion to vindi the functionaries composing the diplomatic and consular body from the aspersions he had been cast with respect both to their probity and their Some discussion took after which the returns were the business on the paper being disposed their lordships adjourned at ten minutes past OF sitting House of Commons was devoted to the U of the Nuisances Removal In the Sir gave for Friday of Us rn tention si declaring that the conduct of the British Plenipotentiary at the late Vienna conferences had shaken the of the country jn her present ThV baronet added for ward his on going into of or such other li occur on j to whether Lord John royal to reveal Cabinet nego from ttsi Smith tii tis medical staff in the to the duties of his late office appointed bat that Hall still retained of the no eott been since that her WOlsy the convention by England and France undertook to guarantee the new Turkish loan for for the par pose of asking the Legislature to ratify the Means would be taken to so provide that the money should be ex pended solely upon the purpose of the moved a resolution thanking her Majesty for the late Order in directing an examination into the qualifications of candidates for certain Government offices recommending the extension of that principle over all the de of the public service and that the examination should be an open Lord seconded The of the EXCHEQUER contended that the competition as worked by means of a board of was already adopted to as great an extent as in prac tice could be made The proposal to make examinations public he lead to some while the expected advantages were likely to prove De scribing the various methods recommended by different or punned in different with the view of securing the most efficient body of public Sir C Lewis defended the system practised by the English and condemned especially every change which should restrict the discretion of the political chiefs of depart ments as to the selection of their would not vote for Administrative Reform on account of the disasters in the and thought that such reform could only be carried out by the Ministers them The great object to be attained he the abolition of the system of LINDSAY likewise attacked the patronage and thought that a government which could not exist on ita own merits had no right to its He did not think that the present Administration had any serious intention of carrying oat administrative and gave his hearty support to the He then entered into a defence of his own statements and impugning in the course of his remarks the ma nagement of the for which he was called to order by the as entering irrelevant Sir WOOD replied to these defensive to establish that the original accusations had been exaggerated or Sir denied that the resolution implied a revocation of the order of or in any way involved new and untried The plans proposed did not do away with the responsibility of appointments they only transferred that responsibility to the Board of If to a proper examination there were added the test of he thought that the alteration would be safe In every He rebutted the argument that an alteration would be injurious to political or social after adverting to the failures of the past winter as proving the deficiency in the working of our present declared his intention to support the Sir BASING expressed himself satisfied with the tion of the Chancellor of the From his own ex he could not concur in the sweeping charges made against the clerks in Government The present system admitted the selection of the relations of officers who had died in the service of the an advantage which would be swept away by the proposed He denied that men who passed high examinations would be more likely to possess the qualifications of an official in supporting the offered many arguments in favour of the competitive which he be to be the only practicable substitute in the public service for tbe private which secured ability among the employes of mercantile Remarking upon the discontent that existed in the civil he contended that it arose from the present necessity of awarding salaries almost irrespective of so that good men were under while inefficient employs obtained far more than they were He urged the extension of the principle of pre liminary and pointed out the means of rendering the test thus established sufficient and After a few words from Lord that all parties were unanimous as to the end in the selection of the best men for tbe public the only difference being as to the Describing and commenting upon the various con that had been suggested in order to secure the desired he dwelt upon the difficulties that surrounded or the to which they would The he were anxiously labouring in the and were gradually extending the system of competitive He trusted that the house wonld not interrupt the which had been lately commenced at all before it was proved to have fallen short of the intended SCULLY briefly and the house divided For the resolution 125 For the previous question attempted to move a resolution respecting the grievances of sergeants in the but could not obtain a owing to the impatience of the house to hear who shortly alluded to the importance of the motion which he designed to bring forward on the and moved that the house should be called on that Lord and Lord SEYMOUR remarked upon the inconvenience and inutility of the supported the motion for a call of the and Bass having in replying to the appeals made to him to withdraw his stated that it was prompted by the dis covery that certain influences had been used to induce mem bers to leave On a division toe motion tor a caU was negatived by 133 to The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER obtained leave to iring in a to abolish certain payments charged on the Consolidated Fund in favour of the and certain Professors of Trinity and to repeal he stamp duties payable on matriculations and degrees in afd The house adjourned at a quarter past one OF Leave was on the motion of that counsel should be heard on behalf of Baron Bothschild before the select committee on the London The motion for going into committee on the church rates abolition 2 was opposed by who con tended that the measure constituted a first step towards the of the established church in this He moved that the committal of the be postponed for three The remarked upon the public agita and tha church which the present un certain state of the question It was time that the controversy should and he saw no means of allaying disputes on the subject except by sanctioning the abolition of legal point of view he recommended that as the existing law recognised an obligation which t gave no menu of and thus presented an anomaly at once baneful and lord was defended by Sir Mr supported tSe believing that the measure gave unfair and exclusive the v that only o long dispute was by n total and repeal as effected by lie having spoken no Cabinet Minister was and moved the adjournment of the Soma on this a the end a division was when appeared a
