Green Bay Republican (Newspaper) - March 19, 1844, Green Bay, Wisconsin The noblest motive of Press is diffusion of Knowledge and Intelligence without bias or BY HENRY O SHOLES GREEN BAY WISCONSIN TUESDAY MARCH 19 1844 VOL 3 NO 23 GREEN BAY FRIDAY MARCH 15 1644 Green Bay Farmer From tht Prairie Farmer Improvement BREAKER It near the close of the year I cannot refrain from joining with my ther farmers and take a retrospective view of the past and compare it with the present with what may ably bo expected in future Buh ten years since what was northern Illinois Wisconsin and Iowa 1 To use an aly it was a splendid waste a fertile desert with no marks of civilization or cultivation except at some few important I points where a cluster of log cabins j might be seen occupied by Indian J crs who bartered their trinkets for peltry or at long intervals a solitary cabin with u small field enclosed and cultivated in j corn it The cluster of j log cabins have been transformed as if by magic into cities and towns the bark j canoe has given place to splendid crs and ships on our rivers and lakes the barter of trinkets and peltry has in- creased to ii commerce with other tions of the Union and with other tries to a that is unexampled Where the solitary stood you will see in many with its or house mechanic -i shop evincing a high degree of prosperity The field hus been enlarged and new fields made adjoining until miles of the prairie ure enclosed and allotted off into farms many of them planted into fruit and for- ost trees and under a high state of stocked with choice ampuls managed by thousands of and shall T not intelligent and reading farmers And this great change has taken place under circumstances not by any means the most favorable The story of for- tunes made in a day at the had I have no doubt a great influence in in- ducing the first J of emigration in 36 Hundreds who emigrated at that time instead of reaping the golden harvest had anticipated were compelled to chow the bitter cud of and undergo almost every variety of vation and hardship which had a dency for a time to create a Many returned disheartened and aged and many more would have com- mitted the like error had not the means been From various causes the abilities of all were more or less after the monetary affairs of the country became deranged the poet was gloomy indeed But standing these multiplied difficulties now country has enlarged from a of infancy and arrived at vigorous mini- hood in ten short years The darkness that has overshadowed the farmer's izon is now breaking and a and permanent light begins to dawn Many channels of trade are opened and have become established confidence is in a great degree restored all kinds of ness tiro prosecuted with renewed gy almost everything has found its el or is approximating to it all kinds must and will command the time is near at hand when the fanner can calculate with a good degree of certainty as to the profits ho will realize from the products of his farm The experience arid knowledge that has been acquired in cultivating the raising stock the improved breeds of stock the improvements made and constantly being made in agricultural implements are not to be thrown out of the account in comparing the present with the past The interest that has been awakened in regard to agricultural improvement is also another main item in the account And an ably conducted agricultural nal is ample surety that this interest will not abate but increase and with an in- creased interest it is to presume that an enlightened and approved tern of farming will be adopted and ed Now brother farmers of the North and of the poor and worn-out lands of the East and South draw your own picture of what out new country will be in and I predict that you not be able 10 color it a shade too high A happy new year to you all Front tht Farmer Catting Wheat Early BY OEO T WRIGHT As the subject cf cutting wheat in a yaw or green state is receiving a good deal of attention at this time I will give what little experience I have on the sub- Sowed one acre of spring wheat on the April and got STOW with About the 1st of the blackbirds began to pick it considerable and on the 10th I cut it in quite a green state and all supposed it would be very much shrunk I raked and bound it on the and stacked it on the 14th and on the 17th and 18th January inst threshed it with flail and was bly disappointed to find it a very fine plump berry easy the straw ia eaten by my cattle with the same ity as hay as spring wheat is apt to shrink in this quarter I hope early ting may prove a remedy I shall try it again this season Oshkosh W T Jan 26 1844 From tht Barre Gazette Letters on Wisconsin MICHIGAN Jan Mr will now endeavor to communicate my views still further re- the political and physical con- dition of Wisconsin This Territory dates the origin of its independent ical existence on the of July 1838 consequently then only has a cal legislature had special charge of the young and growing interests which are daily developed Let us now trace momentarily by a map the principal channels adapted to inland trade On the south we find the Rock River a fine navigable stream with the exception of a few obstructions admitting of speedy removal and for the magnificent and fertile valley through which it flows Its source is in the vicinity of Lake Winnebago and is navigable for boats within 12 miles of that Lake meandering thro the very hen rt of tht beautiful and fertile legion constituting the southern tier of counties receiving the waters of the katonica a small beatable stream on the northwest rising near Madison the Territorial Capitol and running near Mineral Point the heart of the Lead Mines The trade through this nel already considerable is rapidly in- creasing The Wisconsin River is the most in order as we proceed northward emptying into the Mississippi in Lat 43 deg 5 and is navigable for steamboats even to the Falls about 25 miles north of Fort Winnebago a distance of about 145 miles from its mouth It has been very justly regarded throughout this ex- tent as one of the moit beautiful picturesque Rivers in the Union This rises near Lake Superior and about 200 miles north Fails The inter- vening portion of the River passes thro the first pine lumbering region of the northwest and irom winch at least one- hulf of that description of lumber con- north of the mouth of the Ohio in the Mississippi valley is supplied The Black Chippeway und St Rivers He still north of the Wisconsin and are from 50 to 70 miles The St Louis River is the only one of special importance emptying into Lake Superior on tho southwest It is about 300 miles long rising near Rainy Lake and on the last 70 miles of its course about 300 feet wide From its mouth to a point some 20 miles inland it is wide and deep with a channel adapted to vessels of the largest class This will prove an important harbor for our future commerce on inland sea The Menominee river rises near Lake Superior emptying into Green Bay after passing through a fine pine region inter- with districts of excellent soil and exhibits water power the first der Large quantities of lumber have been cut already on this stream There are two or three small streams of local importance emptying into Green Bay between this and the Fox River The Rivers emptying into Lake Michigan south of this Bay one of considerable local importance for artificial harbors although of very limited facilities for the Kewaunee Sheboygan and Racine We now come to the Neenah or Fox River emptying into the south end or head of Green Bay This River has its source in Swan Lake which is about 3 miles long situated near Fort Winnebago Lat 43 deg 31 N Long 87 deg 28 W und westward a mile and a quarter of the Wisconsin River bending northward thence ward passing through a level and fertile region about 80 miles and empties into Lake Winnebago This Lake is 30 miles and 15 broad averaging 21 feet deep and is one of the most beautiful bodies of the eye ever this also er itself into Bay after ranning about 80 miles com- the following obstructions to tke The Winnebago the Grand the Little and Rapides des Peres occupying gether about 14 miles space A canal miles from the foot of Lake bago to the foot of Grand would overcome the whole obstruction A nal 1J miles long will unite the waters of the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers Thus the father of waters and our great inland seas would be united in the bands of commercial enterprise It is estimated that will be ta adequate ex- for the complete removal of obstructions to the navigation of this channel The presented by Mr Tallmadge now pending in Congress proposing an appropriation of land for the purpose of accomplishing this rable object has every prospect of be- coming a law That portion of Wisconsin south of the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers has long been ceded to the States ting three townships on the southern shore of Lake Winnebago held by small bands of the and town Indians who enjoy the rights of citizenship and are exclusively devoted to the cultivation of the soil and the arts of peace and social life Tlis have been removed recently from the district lying east of the Mississippi and north of the sin to the western bank of the first named River The Menominees also have ceded all of their lands with the exception of a tract 50 miles broad north of the Fox River extending from Green Bay westward to the Wisconsin This tribe has dwindled down to comparative insignificance and has lost every trace of its warlike spirit The Chippeways have ceded most of their territory south of a line drawn from the head of Lake Superior and the Falls of St Anthony and it is said that they are desirous of removing west of the Mississippi There remains also a small band of christianized Bay engaged in agriculture and the arts of domestic life Thus we find Wisconsin possessing great facilities with impediments for extensive and successful agricultural Q From the Cincinnati Wisconsin and Its Resources MESSRS There is scarcely a week passes that we do not hear fertility and prospects of the North Western States but tons in such a confused and detached form that persons who have not seen it do not get a clear idea of its resources If you can allow me a place in your col- I will give a sketch of its ces and probable destiny The order of settlement in the ry of the Ohio was exactly the reverse of the order of discovery The eastern shore of Wisconsin was in 1671 by Nicholas and Father Marquette In Marquette and lict ascended the Fox River of Green Bay now called River accompanied by five Frenchmen and two They crossed the Portage at Fort into the and com- their canoes to its current ed into the Mississippi They are con- as the first discoverers of that river which they descended to the mouth of the Arkansas and returning by the Il- linois reached Lake Michigan at its southern extremity They thus saw most of the country now embraced in the settled portions of Wisconsin one dred and sixty one years before the re- gion was thoroughly settled Joliet turned to France proclaiming the zing fertility of the soil the surpassing beauty of the prairie upland the J sion of game and fish and the cent rivers which they but his descriptions so far exceeded any thing then known that they were regarded at Paris as the stories of a traveller who does not expect his footsteps will be lowed by others Marquette's party saw the counties of Grant Iowa Portage and Marquette on the Wisconsin river the counties of Fond du Lac Calumet and Brown on the nah and on the lake side the counties of Manitowoc Sheboygan Washington Milwaukie and Racine remaining interior counties of Dodge Jefferson Rock and Walworth are equally fertile and beautiful with those which threw the French into such of delight The southern tier of counties which are six in number and include the weight of the present population are about one half dry and rolling prairie without timber The oak openings wet prairie and lakes cover the remaining half The four western counties show abont one-third dry prairie and much more wet prairie the southern tier These penalties are not thickly settled The timber country or forest proper lies at the north east between Luke Winnebago and the Neenah and Lake Michigan It extends south arid south east along the shore into the counties of Milwaukie and Jefferson they being prairie and part woodland The wet prairie is also found in the timber laud bordering the streams and affords liny and pasturage without cultivation The soil of the prairie country is com- posed of that happy mixture of ents which is easily tilled and not affected by rains called by the loam It rests everywhere upon a rock which discloses itself in the bed of almost every stream The creeks and riveis aie the most remarkable feature of the Wisconsin country They are spread over the country profusely their supplies from pine spri ig water flowing from every section of tlie land They are transparent and perm a- nent capable of and calculated for -in immense water power without end gering the health of the country Over all region there are neither mountains nor ranges of hills The surface is a succession of graceful undulations die elevations sometimes high but the gentle the vallies broud and ered with tall grass The latitude is propitious for the eral grains particularly for wheat which will be the great commodity of the gion The purity and abundance of ing water with the cool and ly character of the climate will develope the physical man to his highest limit From the Ren iitc Wisconsin We stated in a former article that tlie emigration of the present day consisted of the young the and the intelligent There tire other causes which are indeed more or less in- to the settlement of every country continually in operation here to the noblest traits of the character We shall endeavor iy to point out a few of with the hope of awakening the attention of some more profound observer to the sub- ject than with the expectation of j it justice remark in the first place thai a residence in a new country is favorable to freedom and independence of mind The emigrant leaves all his acquaintances friends and relations and settles Among strangers He is thrown at once into entirely different circum- stances and associations he lias no one to lean upon for influence assistance or advice but must rely upon self What nobler virtue is theie th in He must select a faun for himself he must lay it out plan lie buildings and in fact do till except wl ut na i re has clone How different ib living in the and tho farm which his fathers have new country in an old There it ft more friendly neighborly feeling pre- vailing all take on interest in the fare of each and of all together This sentiment of public spirit is nearly ed to patriotism and is far more izing and ennobling than an exclusive devotion to one's immediate interests The people in one of the old tural towns of New England have all nearly the same habits manners ideas and religion few changes are made in their society from year to year They live where their fathers did and as their fathers did and have numerous relations about them in every direction The settler here finds within the limits of his acquaintance people from oil the ern States and from meny foreign tries nnd those too who have Formerly been of occupations different from his own consequently he acquires a great variety of new idens and becomes much more in all his opinions and views of life If one's own improvement is the great object of life and if independence of mind originality of thought self-reliance enterprise public spirit and liberality of opinion are among ho highest and Mest of virtues und a life here is calculated to elicit and cultivate all these in addition to nil our advantages of health society laws and pecuniary place can than Public The following information is deemed important to those persons desirous of becoming Settlers on the Public Lauds surveyed but not offered for Public Sak Extract from the Pre-emption Law of A SECTION olh And be it further enacted That claimants under the late tion Jor land not yet proclaimed for sale arc required to make known claims in writing to the Register of the proper Land Office within three months from the date of this Act where the settlement has been already made and Within three months from the time of settle be made giving the of iho tract und the time of nient otherwise his claims to be ed nnd the tract awarded to the next settler in the of time on the same ti act of land who shall have given such notice and otherwise complied with the conditions of thb law Extract horn Instructions of the of September A D 1841 Land is not properly legally until tho surveys made by the deputies approved by the Surveyor General but in accordance with the spirit and of the law and for the purposes of bringing the Settler in as surveyed when the requisite lines ore run ou Uic field nnd the corners ed before Perhaps location is remote from neighbors or mechanics or the Surveyor stores if so he resorts to a thousand nc w I or of Pre- expedients and contrives to be entirely rights can be recognized independent of the rest of the world tin land it Tim gives full scope and a variety of T ft I A B of being head of a family or widow or single man over the age of twenty-one years an the case may a citizen of the United Slates having filed iny declaration to come a citizen as required by the laws os the case may have on the day of A D 184 settled and improved the quarter oC section number in Township number gives full scope play to all his physical find mental ers The extreme division of labor os practised in the more civilized tends powerfully to contract the mind What can be more injurious to character than to be employed in a tory or in making all life 1 That a love of freedom and inc e- the marked characteristics of the settlers of every new country is illustrated by the early history of every State in the Union Indeed this cause alone has Imd more influence than all other causes in securing to us a free A residence in a new country awakens enterprise Our citizens ns a thing are more industrious than those of any other portion of the country not even excepting rocky New Why Because they have greater inducements for exertion A farmer in the oh er States with but little capital may toil incessantly and by his economy deprive himself of most of the comforts of life yet make but little or nothing more than a bare support for himself and and all the while be considered of no count in society How discouraging Can he work with good t Let him come here and what a new scene bursts upon him He sees in his reach not only competence luit wealth and immediately with high endeavors to attain them It calls forth public spirit The dent of the new country sees clearly that the value of his own property depends upon the progress and improvement of the whole country He takes a warm interest in establishing and improving roads He contributes liberally to tlie support of school and churches In short every enterprise which is for the public good meets with fer greater support in a of Range number in the District of Lands subject to sale at the Laud Of- fice at Green Bay nnd acres which land ha snot yel been ed at public sole nnd thus rendered sub- joct to private entry and I do hereby declare my intention to claim the said tract of laud ns a Pre-emption Right un- der the provisions of said Act of the 4th of September A D 1641 Given under my hand this the oi A D 184 A B In presence of Extract Jrom Ihr Pre-emption Law of A D 1843 By the ninth section of Pre-emption Law of A D you are authorised to permit the entry of a claim under Act of the 4th of September A D 1841 although it may be for land at the time of settlement when settlement was made prior to 4th of September A D 1841 and of the Indian Thd object of this it will be seen to ify the provisions of the Act of A D 1841 BO far as to remove from under it the fatal objection of being founded on a settlement made survey provided such set made prior to the 4th of Se D 1841 Git KEN BAT LARD March 5th A P JOHN S
