Freeman And Messenger (Newspaper) - May 16, 1839, Lodi, New York FREEMAN AND EDWIN HOUGH EDITOR AW TMM VOL I AGRICULTURAL LODI PERSIA P O THURSDAY From the Genesee Farmer CULTURE OF INDIAN CORN YIELD Ma the time of year U near at band for planting com I pose giving you for publication my ex- in raising corn and more my success for the last year I will first say that I think ia this ity farmers have been in the habit of planting too much ground or ia other words more than they have welt tilled and manured 1 had lost my whole crop or nearly so for two or three years pre- vious to the lost season except some Email patches and in my garden 1 have planted on ground of clay and muck that would hold the wa- w mo long in the spring that tho corn would get backward and thereby get overtaken with the frost while a little more than fit to roast Two years ago 1 sent to the Rochester Seed Store and got a small quantity of the early Dutton corn I planted about of an acre which gave me more sound corn than I had on the three acres adjoining same quality of land but taking the whole together it was still a losing siness I then resolved to take a ent course first to plant on a different soil second to plant no more than 1 make as rich as my garden My is of a gravelly dry soil of course rich In it 1 had every year planted some corn sometimes near tho first of April and at other times quite late but ever have failed to get good corn even in our poorest seasons Ad- joining the garden the natural soil is the same and I came to the conclusion that I could take some of it and make it duce as well as my garden Therefore last season I planted about an acre the early Button or Buel corn and the result was one hundred and twelve bushels of shelled corn to the acre This is a great yield for this country and in fact is beyond any thing I have ever be- fore seen There was more sound corn than I had raised fora number of years before The season was a favorable one and aside from that I attribute my cess to three things manuring high planting thick and a prolific kind of seed corn The tilling was nothing but ordinary In the fall of the ground was into timothy and clover with a light sward having been stocked about two years I then ploughed it late in the fall In the spring following I covered it over with common coarse manure from the which was composed of a large quantity of straw My Btock is principally sheep and straw was thrown into the yard fully during the winter for In drawing it out n load was usually dropped in a place so that after it was spread it completely covered the ground to quite a thickness About the middle of May the ground was ploughed very deep and boys were sent ahead of the plough and raked all the manure into the previous furrow so that it was com- covered Some of my bors then said that they should rather have that coarse manure off from the ground than en it for the good of the corn crop and said it would do no good till the next crop or until it should be- come decomposed will here remark that from reason and experience I must protest against leaving manure in the yard summer or even putting it in- to heaps to decay as some do to heat and drain off the strength all summer On the in most cases it is most as cheap to haul it into the field as to heap it up in the yard We get the use of it one year sooner and have all the strength on the land where it should be instead of being washed into the streams of water I think for corn and potatoes that the benefit the first year will more than pay the expense of carting ry distance To return to my subject I next harrowed and furrowed my ground or marked it very low three feet apart It was now the 17th of May having been hindered a number of days by a heavy rain 1 put three kernels in a hill and sixteen to 18 It being rather cold d wet the corn did not sprout as quick as usual and on examination 1 found that a small wire worm that bly in the manure had eaten into the chit of the corn so that only a part of it was coming up Although now as late as the 4th of June I commenced plant ing over by putting in just as much seed as I did tho first time a hill between ev ery two hills which made them nearly join As I had only seed enough left of the kind to plant over 118 rods of the ground the rest was planted over to beans 1 will here suite that the rods was all the ground that was and a cast made on an acre from that ratio Tho rest was is good corn but the ground not well ed When 1 hoed the first time 1 con- cluded at the second hoeing to pull out sorno where it was the thickest but I loft them for some time and forgot to tell my man to do it therefore it all stood I told him to hoc it twice more but he did oot hoe it but once having for an excuse that the corn got so large he could not making only two The stalks were 8 or 10 feet high and a complete swamp to appearance Now some of my neighbors said it would be all stalks and no corn On the night of the 3d of September 1 think we had a severe frost which killed the stalks but the corn was all ripe the last planted as well ns the first making for the last planted just Id weeks It ed no sorting to grind and handsomer corn I never saw As to its being all stalks and no corn the result showed I am strong of the opinion that great im- can be made in planting by distributing tho seed more over the ground and putting in more of it 1 fear I have wearied your patience about a small field of corn and will close by saying that if any of the above is worth publishing you can do it if not throw it the table L C Co of Philosophy or the truth ot Revelation It is impossible to destroy a fact it re- mains forever and in opposing it men will always be ultimately found in the in God's wrong portion they will be SCIENTIFIC LECTURE ON OEO COMBE ESQ fur the Mr Combe in delivering his first lecture made sonic introductory remarks relative to the circumstances which first led linn to the study of this science together with the opportunities which he bad of obtaining ex- tensive information ot the theory advanced by by attending his which we have omitted The lecture tho somewhat lengthy possesses a decree of useful and matter worthy the careful perusal of every one Phrenology means the philosophy of the human mind as manifested through the medium of the brain This phy as you know has been opposed with great violence and the opposition has not yet ceased In being so ed however it merely shares the fate of all new truths In every says Professor Playfair there are some who think themselves interested to maintain things in the condition wherein they have found them Even in matters purely intellectual and in which the abstract truths of tic and geometry seem alone concerned the prejudices the selfishness or the vanity of those who pursue them not un frequently combine to resist ment and often engage no able degree of talent in drawing back in- stead of pushing forward the machine of science Tho introduction of methods entirely new must often change the ative place of men engaged in scientific pursuits and must oblige many after descending from the stations they for- merly occupied to take a lower position in the scale of intellectual improvement The enmity of such men if they be noi animated by a spirit of real candor ant the love of truth is likely to be against methods by which their vanity is mortified and their importance lessen ed Dissertation part 11 p 27 It is well known that Harvey was treated with great contumely and las much of his practice on account of his momentous discovery of the circulation ofthe blood Professor Playfair ing of Newton's discovery of the sition of light says Though the dis- covery had every thing to recommend it which can arise from what is great new and singular though it was not a theory or system of opinions but the generalization of facts made known by experiments and though it was brought forward in a most and tending form a host of enemies ed each eager to obtain the unfortunate preeminence of being the first to attack conclusions which the unanimous voice of posterity was to confirm but tho most striking instance haps of reckless and unprincipled sition to newly discovered facts was the opposition made to Galileo's discovery ofthe satellites of Jupiter ery was made simply from Ow having invented fi telescope by w bodies invisible to the naked eye were brought into view One who violently opposed him he invited to look the telescope and see for himself No said his adversary should I look through the telescope I might perhaps see them nnd then how could 1 tain the view I now maintain This well illustrates the course pursued by the opponents of Phrenology The truths of our science are sufficiently ob- vienis but many fiercely vituperate yei refuse to look through the telescope Formerly Phrenology was much op nosed by the religious portion of the community In this country 1 have not witnessed much of this Wherever the religious man places himself in tion to natural truth it is deeply to be regretted Ail truth is from tho same eternal source whether it be tnc truth That is found to lave opposed God's truth and to have set between His word and works I recollect that in my youth 1 was taught to repeat the catechism of Dr Watts in which is this question How do you know you have a soul t which is thus answered Because there is something in me that thinks nnd feels which the body cannot do not conscious of the operation the jrain but numerous with which we become acquainted by means of ob- servation prove that without its agency we can neither that it is in the organ of mind 1 n support of this proposition 1 may remark 1 If the brain be not the organ of mind its uses arc unknown It is protected and better plied with blood than any other part of the body light reading dnr fen newspaper fiu ing liuM to and does little more j i an said to mistake can be greater when a part is actively cised blood rushes to it rapidity and if the brain be the organ of mind here should be to it a rush of blood ring mental action and this is found to the fact as many writers ir observed a patient in oue of the hospitals of part of whose skull had been removed In dreamless sleep the bruin lay ess within the cranium when she was agitated bf dreams the brain was and protruded in ed by herself to be vivid the brain was more protruded and still more SMJ when she was awoke and engaged in active thought or sprightly conversation Every act of thu will every flight of the imagination every glow of The nerves of the are all effort of is in connected with the brain is the pet manifested by means of tho brain of ull their transmissions Tho nerves of motion and the nerves of sensation are connected with the brain it is indeed the fountain of impulse and the reservoir of sensation 5 Certain substances us opium or ardent spirits disturb mental tions by operating on the brain i Fainting is a temporary loss of consciousness occasioned by recession of blood from the brain But we have still more direct evidence Richerand attended a women whose brain had been laid bare One day he pressed upon it a little mure forcibly than usual and the patient became lent and unconscious in the midst of n sentence On removing his con- immediately returned As no pain was felt be repeated the several times and always with the same result Similar cases are re- lated by many other writers Sir ley Cooper relates one of a seaman who had his skull fractured and brain com- pressed by a fall For thirteen months he remained totally unconscious On Sir Astley raising the skull ness immediately returned The last think the man recollected was the ob- ject of his attention at the time of his fall But it may be asked how pressure on one part suspends all mental tions it as Phrenologists say the brain consists of numerous Lut it be that the brain is com- posed of a pulpy mass having blood vessels ramifying in its sub- stance and is enclosed in membranous sacs the pia mater and the dura mater It may be likened to an India rubber bag filled with fluid Now it is a law of by that pressure made on one part of a fluid affects all parts alike consequently when pressure is made on one part ofthe brain alt are affected say objectors how is it the brain does not manifest structura derangement after death when the in dividual has been with ty 1 This question was more confi asked some ago than now more accurate investigations have shown that in the great majority of cases such derangement is demonstrable and if it be not always the case this is not remarkable than what takes place in other parts where there may be ment or destruction of function without the antagonist boing able to discoverer ganic change Thus some poisons de- stroy life without any tion being visible in any part of the body to show that the is pendent of the body it is said that the mind often fully manifests its faculties to the last moment of life even in lingering disease This is not true It is tant to distinguish between functional and organic derangement and simple weakness Suppose 1 cut the muscles of my arm across there would bo ganic derangement completely rne from using my limb pose I should bandage my arm tightly and keep it motionless for i months at the end of that time 1 should be able to move it in the usual manner but not with the usual force the structure would re- main the same but the and power wonld be greatly diminished So when the brain is but secondarily affected the mode of manifestation may remain un- changed to the end of some fatal dy but the energy will be greatly ened Thus in disease of the lungs the brain merely suffers like other parts sympathetically and front badly gerated blood At the commencement of the the mind may act with its usual vigor During the the thinks but little on mental energy ing month he chooses novels or of to to and yet of the columns is absolutely We Different faculties of the in succession thus affection fur the before venera- tion or the sense of justice and the er of perceiving color and form before reasoning power mothers Unit when two ur threw oaf brain be a single organ these should be simultaneously And proposition is acknowledged by the greatest antagonists not says Mr Cullen that the operations of our intellect always de- pend upon certain motions taking place in the brain Dr Gregory remarks that although memory imagination and judgement appear to be no purely menial as to have no connection with the body yet certain which ob- struct t lie in prove that a certain state of the brain is necessary to their proper exercise and that the brain is mary organ of the internal Arnott nay even the Edinburgh in the number as well as numerous other give like testimony It is worthy of observation that the general notion of the mind's ence of the body is quite modern the offspring in fact of philosophical ries sprung up chiefly since the days of Locke Shakespeare and the older ters frequently speak of the brain as im- plying the mental functions and to the present day he notions of tho vulgar are more in accordance with nature than those of polite scholars of the old school Thus a stupid person is called a skull a thick head or said to be pated badly furnished in tho upper story while a talented person is said tu bu strong headed long headed to have plenty of brains a madman ia said to be wrong in the in the noddle We find then that reason fact the testimony of the best physiologists and vulgar notions all testify that the brain is the organ of mind And what docs this proposition Clearly that the state of tho brain must greatly influence the mental tions nnd the perfection of those manifestations will depend on the fection of the organ How important then does the study of the brain We next como to the the mind in every act employ the whole brain or arc separate faculties of the mind connected with distinct portions of the brain as their respective Is the brain single or That it is multiplex may be proved by a number of considerations Analogy would lead us to this conclusion Thus in all ascertained instances different functions ure never performed by the same organ VVc have for instance a distinct organ for each sense and it pears to me clear that to feel puffed up with pride and to feel great deference for are manifestations of tions as distincWs those of smelling and hearing Seme parts appear to havo several functions but on analyzing them each is found to performed by its organ thus the tongue and tastes but then it con- c of motion a nerve of feel- nerve of taste and it maybe deprived of any one of those without the other two being impaired Hut the most interesting example of dis- tinct functions being dependent on dis- tinct organs is furnished by the spinal This is composed of two le columns the anterior being ated to motion the posterior tu sensation This Sir Charles Hell clearly proved the following manner he cut an ior nerve at root in an ass and tho parts through which it ramified lost the 1 aui told by manifest four If thu powers but this is not to and the only truu ex- planation to be that I be mind is composed of different organs which come to maturity nt Dr Johnson indeed remarked that the of a variety of organs was ab- surd said he tho man who can walk east can certainly walk Hut it may be that walking met and walking west are but walking the exorcise of a single function as perceiving color and reasoning uro quite distinct operations Again is partial which it ought not to be if the organs of the mind were single 1 havo seen it maintained in one of your that genius is the result of an tal Thus was made a philosopher by the fall of an ple and Byron became u great poet be- cause he was lashed by the as a poetaster But ers and condemned power of motion unimpaired though feeling re- cut a ior nerve in another and he parts through which it ramified lost the er of feeling but retained that of motion Their distinctness ia now universally here I make an important observation it has been objected to Phrenology that to the gans of tho brain we cannot assign dis- tinct that we are unable to take and isolate the organs with like like and how happens it that to ninny millions be- fore Newton had won apples fall out ever thinking of any tiling but ing them up and eating And if a lushing be sufficient to produce a great poet why are not great poets more numerous 1 Indeed if critical tion had been sufficient I should by this time have become a great poet self Dreaming can be rationally explained by Phrenology alone Wore the brain a single organ then would all its ties be asleep or awake together nnd consequently dreaming be impossible Hut this is not so Cautiousness is sometimes awake nre conjured up all fearful thoughts and the dreams are of and chimera diru On the other hand a number of tho lectual faculties may be awake nnd the sentiments asleep then we may have a vision of friends long dead but totally free from that awe or fear which their presence would inspire were not the feelings dormant Were not the brain a congeries of gans partial idiocy could not occur vet that it does occur wo wull know Here is the cost of on idiot whose lectual faculties were externally small but whose self-esteem was and notwithstanding his utter imbecility he had a very comfortable opinion of his own importance I knew an idiot on the banks of tho Clyde who could play on ono or two musical instruments yet in other respects he was so utterly im- becile that he had to be supported by the parish Now if the brain were a gle organ this would bft the same as if a man had the power of walking east out having the power of walking west Indeed that the brain must consist of a congeries of organs is maintained by distinguished physiologists otherwise op- posed to Phrenology as and Sir Charles Such considerations tis I have stated have impressed men in all ages with belief in tho brain's multi- plex character and particular portions of the head have been assigned to dis- tinct from tho time of le This drawing represents a head published at Venice in by vico Dolci Now what is the difference between such an arrangement and the system of Simply Gall discovered the seat of the various ties Those older writers considered modes of activity as simple faculties and located them according to a fancied propriety Here in the front they ed common because it seemed tho most appropriate placa for receiving in- formation from the eyes nose and taste Fancy they placed on the sides ef the head because it bus such great facility in flying off in a Reflection they placed at the back of the head because in reflecting mind back on itself men throw the they placed in the cerebellum because they thought it found a nice little storehouse for the safe ami snug Keeping ul Hens till they needed This you will observe was nuking man not ing him The brain then is not a single gan but each particular is by t particular portion of the brain
