Charleston Daily Mail (Newspaper) - April 22, 1928, Charleston, West Virginia PAGE THE CHARLESTON DAILY MAIL SUNDAY APRIL 22 BRITAIN KINGS TO KEEP GOOD WILE Maintaining Peace East Of Incidentally Getting Airplane Bases On The Road To India Is One of England's Big Problems Of To-day Entertaining Eastern Rulers Costly By C PATRICK THOMPSON HIS Majesty King Amanullah of Afghanistan blazed upon England through three weeks of gone hack to his palace at Ka- bul with his queen in new Rue do la and furp his aids in-laws twenty tons of and fifteen new street top hats did iw utmost to make an deep lasting him during his in London And apparently she succeeded For after his three weeks of fetes and and military Amanullah was loath to leave He liked the gayety of London he enjoyed tha constant round of pleasure for his included the most elaborate state banquet Britain had since the davs of Queen toria There were some moments Inevitably On the liant parade into the banquet at Buckingham palace his majesty stopped and saluted the royal butler under ths Impression Hint with all that scarlet and gold lacs he must bo a great Ho also the hand of the queen's which is a considerable breach of etiquette But on the the managers of Britain's imperial business arc rubbing their hands and themselves on a successful piece of stase management And on his departure Amanullah that he had been most by the military maneuvers on Salisbury ptain during the course of which a sham battle plainly dis- played the terrors of modern fare Which was significant The affair was costly but then London simply had to outshine Moscow for the cables and the ether had been buzzing for some weeks with news messages describing the gorgeous state in which the viki were preparing to receive the first kins to visit them eince they shot their own Xo visiting European royalty has had so much obsequious publicity such an entertainment program In the grand manner sinco the good old days when kings were kings For it is a sad cold fact that since the disappearance of the and Hohenzollern has taken only n formal and polite interest in the lew hamstrung royalties that are left in Europe The kings she Is really interested In In an intimate and way have their courts and palaces east and south of Suez and rule doms where although the royal may be as primitive as the plumbing Off with his still means something in court circles mention the frail astute Arab of Iran by the grace of imperial Britain and his robust but less magnetic ther king of neighboring by the grace of the same Riza Khan king of Persia by the grace of Kahn and a great disappointment to Brit- ain in matters connected with air bases along the Persian the bearded Wahabi king master of of Arabia whose precise in- which are now causing the British foreign colonial war and air ministries much perturbation are veiled in thu obscurity of the and the aforesaid Amanullah i their kingdoms sors Whon the king say a turn the whole may groan but it For it a fact inadequately realized by com- mon tat o rs that th e late r w h Ic h caused a twilight of kings in Europe brought bright dawn in the near and middle east Some kings in these regions made their exits true but others leaped upon the with a or German im- ported in for royal ence for tradition In the Orient does not to choice of pons And it is an for Britain an that all these strong-arm upholders of the divine right of kings should Ho about in the track of Britain's main communications with India and the Kast not forgt it ing Australia and the Any who cannot quite democratic laud's rasper t for precarious princes of the desert r nd real reverence for a despotic potentate who still cats with his but is absolute lord of two million souls and tier should a map and pre- a marked map of the sort use in war offices when ing tlic system which keeps t lie sh Mire a li vi ug It should air j A note on thiM relative vulner billiy of like the mountainous northwest frontier of India with its fa m OUR Kyber and tho thousand-mile frontier oC the post-war state of Iraq would not be from the general to the particular meet his Persian majesty Khan England was perfectly happy about Persia while she had a fat young shah with a passion for j Paris Nice and the more opulent members of the demimonde She could handle a Persian government divided against Hut when Kahn Mir Pasha of Persia a hard soldier and a wily diplomat the ami in due ami form troubles be- gan In tli Mush the nnw Brit a n have the air bases wanted on thf sian mi If for tne extension of her air lines ird from tu India and so to j great imperial air trail by Alan in his giant plane and Bert in his little o n r ea t e r mono no i But an air line into Persia from north via Baku and Russia works with Germany In tho financial and technical ment of her airways So the king were two for tho of those air b a tml in I ha rl tu n King of Afghanistan bv who believes in one-man rule with a ministry composed of his and who governs with an iron hand the wild buffer state between British India and lied HtH All these are kings in the good oM way What they say in ill ay be a IK w kins it Bagdad ob- by the oriental habit of de- manding a price for favors The air chiefs want those buses and had counted on them They exploded when that con- king them and they have been going like ever since The ment gingered up has let it be known that something may be done But Khan ia a nut lie is muster of an excellent army of armed disciplined and equipped will have to talk money favo -s and guarantees British in Teheran are tentatively attractive things to thf king now What they would like is to get his Persian jesty over on a visit give him a banquet at Buckingham and show him a of the new battle and a i on centra lion of the air things have been found to a wonderfully on oriental potentates would like better atill is lo see P go Oriental never can gan i a d f tp c n t army AH if Kiihn cast of the Brit- ish Arab lands were not enough tho those in nds lias mi pled is hlf Its cure Is 1 subsidy Britain him In he had two million lars out of Mi- British taxpayer hands full with Lawrence and tho Turks paid Ibn Saud then lord of the oases in central Arabia a year to keep quiet while war raged from Mecca to all along the flank of Britain's vital sea communications between the Indian ocean and the Mediterranean sea Ihn Suml of that old warrior Ibn Saud who captured i b u t kicked o n t J iy t h i Tu sultan in days ready to jump into action as defender of tho the money to arm his warlike Lriht- of desert puritans the subsidy he re- tired to tent LO pray and seek light Tho rif meditations the his soul could no longer be torn by the knowledge that s gemmed in Arabia men minded in their pra tho na inC'S nf t lie prophets and Moslem saints instead of inc to Allah as do the oust ere lie girded his loins and his i ami the of in- south of cf and of tlie holy f in j tM II u- j and v ant an in I ar pa t tried i aic t 1 Britain Welcomes King Fuad at Dover Photograph by Acme from giving air lines but the British KAHN TOUGH But Britain's treaty Iraq in which tt IHX f ho t at WTO fnr a linr cut in thf in was loft to flight h's own Th result of that fight was by of thr Red with him treasure ining he had a lot out of his British I Tho they had the lato king to the F r n r h treaty with the mast or of a new kingdom covering two-thirds of the Arabian and held from further expansion into and bv sons only British airplanes and armored earn As oi i ho holy places the king grabbed at once the lucrative source of in Arabia the pilgrims had the game of successive of ever since the city the and of his now faith back in S in Mahometan enjoined all be- lievers to ma ke the pilgrimage I hn Sand has been of arms munitions i n oi MI- and fii British ex- that oan i i and ra have so ma a lire tf efficient of it hns In'On for the year lo tho frontier airplanes from But early in Mn rch i he kini called a of his chiof to tho walled of and t Jin of that con- was the proclamation of a holy war the dissident Arnbs a nd tlin other b states that under British pi It being quite that ncr Saud got through the protecting British frontier guard he could cut his way to capital at Bagdad as easily as a knife cuts cheese and ruin all of Britain's fine plans with regard to safeguarding her land and sea communications with the East the military wires got busy And at once there began a drift of air squadrons to Cairo the handiest air base for reinforcing the Iraq frontier a oC troops to west Indian ports ready lor a rush up the Persian to Iraq and a sant windfall of rush to tion factories for the latest pattern air bombs The ostensible cause of the holy war is the same that took Ibn Saud at the head of tribesmen down to Intolerance The real trouble of course Is that the king wants better terms for on friendly terms with Britain than Britain wants to give Britain is annoyed However vars are expensive especially when they take the form of rushing In airplanes and armored cars up and down a thousand-mile vulnerable Iron tier chasing away raiders in force Britain's agents therefore have been having a quiet with the agents of the Wahabi king and the holy ivar is still a proclamation and has not burst yet in a wild dusky tide against the frontiers of the Arab lands But what with Husein Ibn and the various kings of the desert these Arabian Nights tics are costing poor old England an awful lot of money KING AMANULLAH Leaving stout King Fuad of Egypt scratching his head in his garden over the political ties created by a nationalist ment in the western manner a gift this from England which he does not altogether we come to Amanullah King Amanullah was amir until a year ago when he fell into tho general line and took the title of king The way to the throne was cleared for him by the tion of his father In 1919 He had a rival but as the master of the army is the master of the kingdom Prince Amanullah outbid his rival by four to one in the matter of army pay and became amir He immediately celebrated his ad- vent by declaring war on India But the northwest frontier is a most awkward barrier to get over and the British military machine Is always waiting on the other side to invader at an unfair advantage and so although Russia which had opened Us purse strings generously for the amir would have liked a lot to happen nothing of great consequence did happen and It was not long before peace was con- cluded on a business basis It was India's idea to get somewhat sanguinary Afghan arch on a visit to the Court St and India has footed the larger portion of his majesty's ex- penses Berlin received him ly and when he had gone complained that his only purchases In were some picture postcards oC Potsdam Paris spent a good deal on him but got it all back and something over for good measure by way dressmakers jewelers and furriers London has spent more than any one and has high hopes of a able outcome At all costs England has got to keep him away from lending an ear to Moscow and as the Red rulers cannot show his majesty of istan anything like the spectacle of imperial splendor afforded by the guards the British air squadrons a royal banquet on the famous gold plate a lord mayor and mansion house en fete and an imposing line of enormous battleships with big guns belching a salvo and destroying a target six miles it is able that that able diplomat Sir Francis Humphrys British minister at Kabul will not find it difficult henceforward to preserve friendly relations in the court of the buffer state between Soviet Russia and British India That at any rate is how the agers of England's imperial business see it And the cost of entertaining King Amanullah of squaring the Wahabi King of financing King of Iraq and his brother of of wooing the ian King to have a fat and pleasant ian King to have afat and palace expenses are counted by the said managers as cheap in the long run When you are running an empire that holds souls and girdles the planet your overhead is bound to be high and looking after kings is one of the necessary insurances Wars especially frontier wars can be so expensive But still the high price of kings is one of Britain's major worries at the moment Dally Mail Copyright SOVIET RUSSIA EXPERIENCES NEW TROUBLES By ELIAS D ANTON sentenced to the with the connivance in part at any rate of his friend and rival Robespierre remarked I shall hold the door of the grave open for him In three months we shall meet again sky driven into exile by his iv in the political bureau and other communist cils hurled this Today's tory of Stalin is but the forerunner of his debacle his downfall is In- evitable The bolshevist volcano covering of the surface once is active His banishment has no more eliminated Trotzky the Trotzky idea from Russian politics than death has eliminated tho ence of Lenin and the principles he laid down But It does serve bring Stalin into sharp relief Trotzky in effect a prisoner in a remote Asiatic province and the members of the opposition group he headed jailed or scattered Stalin is face to face with tasks and problems which may either make him one of the great statesmen of modern times or else as Trotzky bring about his political bankruptcy In tho persons of these two viet antagonists two civilizations are for the molding of future Trotzky wants Russia made over In accord with the civilization of the Western world Just as Peter the Great two hundred years earlier forced his noblemen to discard their Ions Russian cloaks in favor of short Herman jackets and to shave their beards Trotzky would recut every form of national economy in Russia after the standards of Western Eu- rope and America He envisages an industrial Russia dominated by her cities her factories and her workmen He would pattern the soviet state after the dictums of in- Marxism Stalin stands both head and reet in Byzantium A revolutionary of no less caliber than Trotzky he Is of an Internationalist Exiled under the czar as often is Trotzky bad been his banishments never took him abroad for long Stalin never completely loses sight of the Asiatic roots of the Slav empire He sees Russia's f future at any rate xi cast primarily in the likeness of her population her In principle he is no less for it Socialist Russia than Trotzky is His socialism however must be homespun simple even vulgarized of necessary It must be to the mental men of tha Russian peasant and ible enough to blend with the structure of the Russian lage Bitter personal recriminations tilled the air in the Kremlin during the months when the disposition of Trotzky and his faction debated by and his majority in the councils Yet the toric between the two was caused not by personal or racial an- neither one is Slav by by the hopeless gence of their for the re- construction of the Russian state on a socialist foundation SOCIALISTIC OBJECTIVE Trotzky and the members of his opposition group believe that the Soviet experiment in Russia will maintain itself only by taking a short cut to socialism by following a left as the phrase is among communists Stalin believes that the ultimate goal of a socialist form of society in Russia is more likely to be attained by less summary by following a middle course a course toward the right Is the regime sponsored by Stalin bringing to pass in the Soviet union the socialist order which the tion of November 1917 promised to the Russian This question has repeatedly by Trotzky since tho death of and the gradual ascendancy of Stalin to the absolute dictatorship of the Communist party First by innuendo and then openly ho charged the Stalin regime with not support to the viet Industrialization program and thus encouraging tho ascendancy of the peasantry over the working lie accused Stalin of having mitted the rise oppressive and arrogant official and industrial assailed vehemently the of the free expression of opinions within the Communist ty and the hooting down of minorities even though the men holding such minority opinions were noted revolutionists whose loyalty could never come into question Again and again the Communist party directed Trotzky to ceane his attacks On such occasions ing to a leading Soviet spokesman demonstrated with his lence In fact silence on occasions stirred up greater turmoil than his speeches would have done The spectre of civil war has been raised by both sides in the final phase of the continued attacks turned the heads of large numbers of students and of the intellectual clauses They charged criticisms with responsibility for certain serious repercussions abroad where they are said to have lated Russian aristocratic emigres to renewed against the Soviet Extra precautions are being by tho the Soviet secret service against possible attempts on the lives of Soviet laconic reply to charges was that not his criticism but the StaHn policies were ing the political state of mind com- of policies he alleged were stimulating the i iso of a now bourgeoisie and creating new antagonisms A glimpse of the personality character and background of tho man who Js conceded to be a sort of dictator over the Bolshevist is essential before n g w 11 h an analysis of the new economic social and ings that are coming to the fore in Russia ten years of the Soviet experiment Will Stalin Man of Retains Grasp on Reins of Power Or Will Trotzky Millions Await Answer STALIN 11 TO A merciless to the line the distinguishing of Joseph Stalin I Ic spares no One not even One of the strongest weapons employed against him by Trotzky and hU followers was a letter of Lenin written shortly before his death in which the father of the revolution among other recommendations for the oC lure conduct of the Bolshevist re- gime suggested that Stalin be re- placed by some one in the sition of secretary of the party In of the damaging personal reflections on Sutlin that tho Lenin letter contained the Central tee of the Communist parly never it more than verbal publicity Stalin himself in the closing stages of his debate with Trotzky made public the damaging paragraph the in- ter The paragraph which has bren referred to as the Lenin Stalin is very coarse nml this limitation while entirely tolerable in our and in comradely relations ourselves becomes impossible in the position of a secretary general of thr party 1 fore propose to he comrades thut they think uu a means by which Stalin might be displaced and an- other man appointed in his stead who will differ from Comrade Stalin only in the respect that he will be more patient more more and attentive to tho comrades and less capricious After stating that on casions bad sought to resign the post of Secretary General of tho Communist party but that bis nation every time lin made this comment on tbe In o coarse with those who would and destroy tho Communist party But coarseness Is neither proof of cal shortcoming or of of my position Sin en seventeenth year Stalin had active In the revolutionary to-day always In ing danger was a con- and a furnishing he sinews of revolutionary warfare rathor than itg oratory Me entered the party shortly after H was by and ho had remained one of Lenin's en ri MM in Russia throughout tho When n f tor revolution of 1 nil driven the party underground Us existence for by L-rnin thereupon in to fill thv parry ry One or I ho p fin ting of fat money thr other was th ol govern 1 and was one- oC the tiar to persons lost s the bap con- money with having -is A in mm thr n to the j on nC a r named Stalin m fan ing Man of is bis noin de guerre trained for the ministry but at the age of nineteen was expelled from a iry for revolutionary Again and the czar's political police ar- i ays however on comparatively unimportant charges Stalin shared In the vanities to even arc nol Impervious Although like Trotzky and 2 i no vie v and lie liari associate in every of the revolutionary uf November 1917 in the Lenin cabinet he contended himself with a minor post The spotlight his Although the need fnr mystery now has largely Stalin still aloof and tive and chuns the public He no one tho whole of at his fc et sonally be is said to h a v o not a friend in world which in months the Soviet and Stalin is called a face is cleavage between town country between u and rural population in Tho workers in the cities have to considerable been drawn tbe government's state The i factories boon The j has a monopoly of for- Un and banks and arc in its hands Mings have boon and I is ho tight n nd en a operativo basis Tbe be- in arc not ly as impressive Although the land has been the peasant not feel a t lie to bo Its owner lore is no shortage of lard in the union tho government not take it from and give it to nny one The government's peri m cuts in communal farming pun curly in the So Mil have not been particularly Of a total agricultural population nf nearly one hundred millions only 2 million and a half are engaged in farming Thr rest are farming on an individualist private basis Tbe peasant owns hi plow If he has a horse era are his private property After ho has paid his share of taxes to the government of his labor are his to dn with ap he pleases Mo sells them in tho open market He buys from tho government cooperative store if the government tore of- fery him better O lower prices Otherwise he from the to hire labor or to sublet his land The Soviet government after a time found that this curtailed tion too heavily and the law was changed The peasant to-day can hire workmen or sublet his land This establishes virtually three ferent categories of peasants in the the poor peasant tbe mid- dle class peasant and the rich nnt Trotsky and the members of his Apposition group see in this ment a danger to the Soviet's ex- j in socialism All this gains thut socialist gram makes among city workers they assert are to a large extent counteracted by the development of n new bourgeoisie in the villages and by the capitalistic trend in culture THREAT OF SOCIALISM Stalin and the members of the Soviet government do not mate the throat to socialism pre- sented by the conservatism of sia's rural masses The peasant no less of a problem in Lenin's day Shortly be- fore his death Lenin Ten or two my years of correct mutual relations between the and iho peasantry and we will be assured of a permanent Stalin believes that such correct mutual relations with the try can be beat attained by rather than by methods that are aggressive and hostile The chief factor over which the urban and rural population divide is the sluggish tempo of industry Tho peasant pays twice even three times as much for manufactured articles as he did prior to the World war Even at exorbitant prices these articles are extremely scarce It was shown recently that 70 per cent of all tbe manufactured in the Soviet Union are con- in the cities and only 30 per go to the peasants The reasons for this disproportion inui for the sluggish tempo of all manufacturing are well equipment and poor technique in the factories high and defective private merchant the revolution is he before early places of he Soviet overhead expenses high wages and wasteful use oC raw terials Finally the most crucial reason of of capital Unless Trotsky warns the Soviet's experiments in socialism can be made to pay they will fail It is tho basic law of he says that in the end that order of ciety prevails which assures to kind a higher standard of rnce So far he finds capitalism is producing goods of better quality at much smaller cost than socialism is producing them He not only urges the Intensification of the In- processes in Russia he even calls for the establishment by the Soviet of what might be called trial ism We he affirms that industrialization Is the foundation of socialism Trotsky proposes one and the regime the peasant was forbidden I same remedy for accelerating the tempo of industry and for nipping in the bud class formations among the peasantry The remedy is a specialized form of taxation He would free 40 per cent of the poor peasants from taxes But he would tax the upper layer of the peasantry to the utmost With the taxes from the rich peasant or as he is called in Russia he would rehabilitate industry Stalin does not believe it Is -wise for the Soviet government to down upon the peasant oven tho rich peasant too heavily The ant in the past has revolted for less cause than such tax MODERATE POLICY As set down in the resolution adopted by the fifteenth congress of the Communists Stalin's policy iy one of continued moderation There are to be no startling innovations in the internal conduct of affairs Existing institutions will bo strengthened to cope with The peasant will be livened up and made more attractive to the rural buyers The experiments in collectivist or com- farming going on in various parts of the Country will receive government aid and will be wise bolstered up Drastic measures will be applied to eradicate one Soviet cracy Government officials bank employees factory superintendents brief all sorts of civil service personnel will be placed under a strict disciplinary regime liness of every kind will be made social crime whether in i money time or materials j tlon to complaints and an air of superiority toward the public will entail not only dismissal from job but prison sentences That the platform of Trotsky and his opposition group found a wide following in the upper revolutionary circles is evident The list of the opposition contains the most names in the new Russia It boasts of such economists of such a leading diplomat as Radek Aristophanes of is in ranks Vet there is scant evidence that economic disorganization on tho one hand or public pressure on other is likely to force a ment of Trotsky in the near future Exile hag not diminished Trotsky's popularity All classes in Russia however are tired of the ary tension of the last ten years If as Trotsky claims the policy of Stalin is a policy of muddling the masses do not seem averse to it so Ions as they can have a respite from violence and They have forgotten the csar they now want to the revolution Stalin knows the state of mind of the Russian people and may prove his statesmanship by mobilizing this popular yearning for peace for more normal conditions of life and putting it to work on a moderately constructive program Daily Mail Copyright
